The change characteristics of the calculated wind wave fields near lateral boundaries with SWAN model

Since the wind wave model Simulating Waves Nearshore （SWAN） cannot effectively simulate the wave fields near the lateral boundaries, the change characteristics and the distortion ranges of calculated wave factors including wave heights, periods, directions, and lengths near the lateral boundaries of calculation domain are carefully studied in the case of different water depths and wind speeds respectively. The calculation results show that the effects of the variety of water depth and wind speed on the modeled different wave factors near the lateral boundaries are different. In the case of a certain wind speed, the greater the water depth is, the greater the distortion range is. In the case of a certain water depth, the distortion ranges defined by the relative errors of wave heights, periods, and lengths are different from those defined by the absolute errors of the corresponding wave factors. Moreover, the distortion ranges defined by the relative errors decrease with the increase of wind speed; whereas the distortion ranges defined by the absolute errors change a little with the variety of wind speed. The distortion range of wave direction decreases with the increase of wind speed. The calculated wave factors near the lateral boundaries with the SWAN model in the actual physical areas, such as Lake Taihu and Lake Dianshan considered in this study, are indeed distorted if the calculation domains are not enlarged on the basis of actual physical areas. Therefore, when SWAN is employed to calculate the wind wave fields near the shorelines of sea or inland lakes, the appropriate approaches must be adopted to reduce the calculation errors.

S wave inelastic attenuation and site effect in the northern Tianshan area

In this paper, according to the relationship of observation spectrum with source spectrum, travel-path attenuation factor and site effect, we use the digital seismic data of moderate-small earthquakes to invert the soft rock site effect and S wave inelastic attenuation under the constraint of site effect, and determine the parameters of path and site. The parameters obtained by this method exclude the topographic effect of seismic stations, and truly reflect the seismic effect of free soft rock sites and the S wave inelastic attenuation in the studied region. The average soft rock site effect is about 1.5 times in the frequency domain of 2-4 Hz and the S wave quality factor is obtained as Qs=278f0.346, which can be directly applied to the stochastic modeling of ground motions in the studied region.

A Simple Eddy Viscosity Model of Rough Turbulent Wave Boundary Layer

A one-layer time-invariant eddy viscosity model is specified to develop a mathematical model for describing the essential features of the turbulent wave boundary layer over a rough bed. The functional form of the eddy viscosity is evaluated based on computational results from a two-equation turbulence model in which the eddy viscosity varies with time and space. The present eddy viscosity model simplifies much of the mathematical complexity in many existing models. Predictions from the present model have been compared with a wide range of experimental data. It is found that the eddy viscosity model adopted in the present study is physically reasonable.

Attenuation characteristics of coda waves and estimation of Qc values in eastern China

For short-period near-earthquake records in eastern China,from the empirical attenuation formula of coda ground motion amplitude A with timeτ:lgA=G-2.235lgτ,using the single scattering theory modified with epicentral distance,we obtain the curve family of corrected coda amplitude Ac(r,t),and w/2Qc values for each time interval of coda. From this,Qc(f,h) values, which correspond to each observational average frequency and sampling depth,are calculated.The results substantially agree with those observational Qc values in Yunnan,Beijing and central Asia.

Research on coda Q distribution in Beijing and its surrounding regions

Based on the single scattering model of seismic coda waves, we have calculated the Q-factor in Beijing and its surrounding regions by means of calculating the power density spectrum in frequency domain with a fixed time window. The digital seismic data of 69 earthquakes from Beijing Telemetered Seismographic Network are used.These earthquakes were recorded from January 1, 1989 to December 31,1990 at 20 stations. This paper shows the variations of the coda Q-factors in the studied region with different sites, frequency and lapse time, and the temporal change of the coda Q-factors in these two years. The results indicate that coda Q-factor depends strongly on the lapse time and frequency. It is assumed that when Qc=Q0f″, for the three time windows of 15 -30 s, 30-60 s and 60-90 s, the average values of Q0 are 48, 115 and 217; and the average values of ηare 0.89, 0. 91 and 0. 74, respectively.

ROLLLING BEARING FAULT DETECTION USING CORRELATION TECHNIQUE

It's known that auto-correlation technique is effective in extracting periodical signals from random noises. In the case of fault monitoring of rolling element bearing, we can't acquire the fault information directly from the original signal because of the difference of signal phases. And the signal is shown as the wide band random signal in auto-correlation function. In this paper, the signal is pre-processed and the results are proved effective. Moreover, by taking the auto-correlation function we can obtain the determined and comparable samples. This is very important for establishing the data base of running condition and for detecting the faults.

Quality analysis of crustal tilt and strain observations in China's earthquakes in 2014

This work analyzes the quality of crustal tilt and strain observations during 2014, which were acquired from 269 sets of ground tiltmeters and 212 sets of strainmeters. In terms of data quality, the water tube tiltmeters presented the highest rate of excellent quality,approximately 91%, and the pendulum tiltmeters and ground strainmeters yielded rates of81% and 78%, respectively. This means that a total of 380 sets of instruments produced high-quality observational data suitable for scientific investigations and analyses.

Factors affecting the spectrum of an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a semisoft boundary medium

The spectrum of an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a semisoft boundary medium is discussed within the accuracy of the first-order Born approximation. It is shown that spectral shifts and spectral switches are affected both by the polarization of the incident light wave and by the characters of the scat-tering medium. Moreover, numerical results show that the direction at which the spectral switch occurs is governed by the characters of the scattering medium, whereas the magnitude of the spectral switch is affected by the polarization of the incident light wave.

Assessment of fatigue damage in solid plates through the ultrasonic Lamb wave approach

Changes(degradations) in the mechanical properties of solid plates induced by cyclic fatigue loading will influence the features of ultrasonic Lamb wave propagation,such as dispersion and attenuation.This paper has qualitatively analyzed the feasibility of using the amplitude-frequency characteristics and the stress wave factors(SWFs) of ultrasonic Lamb wave propagation to assess fatigue damage in solid plates.Liquid wedge transducers located on the surface of solid plates tested are used to generate and detect the Lamb wave signals.Based on the Ritec-SNAP ultrasonic measurement system,the experimental setup for assessing the degree of fatigue damage in solid plates using ultrasonic Lamb wave approach has been established.For several rolled aluminum sheets subjected to tension-tension cyclic loading,the experimental examinations have been performed for the relationships between the amplitude-frequency characteristics of ultrasonic Lamb wave propagation and the numbers of loading cycles(denoted by N),as well as the correlations between the Lamb wave SWFs and N.The experimental results show that the Lamb wave SWFs decrease monotonously and sensitively with the increment of cycles of fatigue loading.Based on the correlations between the Lamb wave SWFs and N,it is further verified that ultrasonic Lamb wave propagation combined with the Lamb wave SWFs can be used to effectively assess early fatigue damage in solid plates.

A comparative study of wave localization in locally resonant Thue–Morse, Rudin–Shapiro and Period-Doubling aperiodic structures

The localization characteristics of the in-plane elastic waves in locally resonant aperiodic phononic crystals are examined in this study. In particular, the phononic crystals generated according to the Thue-Morse, Rudin-Shapiro and Period-Doubling sequences are theoretically investigated by using the extended transfer matrix method. For comparison, the binary and ternary locally resonant systems are considered, and their band structures are characterized by using the localization factors. Moreover, the influences of structural arrangement, material combination, incidence angle, number of components, length ratio, and random disorder on the band structures are also discussed. Some novel and interesting phenomena are observed and discussed.