Serum neuronal pentraxin 2 is related to cognitive dysfunction and electroencephalogram slow wave/fast wave frequency ratio in epilepsy

BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction in epileptic patients is a high-incidence complication.Its mechanism is related to nervous system damage during seizures,but there is no effective diagnostic biomarker.Neuronal pentraxin 2(NPTX2)is thought to play a vital role in neurotransmission and the maintenance of synaptic plasticity.This study explored how serum NPTX2 and electroencephalogram(EEG)slow wave/fast wave frequency ratio relate to cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy.AIM To determine if serum NPTX2 could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients.METHODS The participants of this study,conducted from January 2020 to December 2021,comprised 74 epilepsy patients with normal cognitive function(normal group),37 epilepsy patients with cognitive dysfunction[epilepsy patients with cognitive dysfunction(ECD)group]and 30 healthy people(control group).The minimental state examination(MMSE)scale was used to evaluate cognitive function.We determined serum NPTX2 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit and calculated the signal value of EEG regions according to the EEG recording.Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between serum NPTX2 and the MMSE score.RESULTS The serum NPTX2 level in the control group,normal group and ECD group were 240.00±35.06 pg/mL,235.80±38.01 pg/mL and 193.80±42.72 pg/mL,respectively.The MMSE score was lowest in the ECD group among the three,while no significant difference was observed between the control and normal groups.In epilepsy patients with cognitive dysfunction,NPTX2 level had a positive correlation with the MMSE score(r=0.367,P=0.0253)and a negative correlation with epilepsy duration(r=−0.443,P=0.0061)and the EEG slow wave/fast wave frequency ratio value in the temporal region(r=−0.339,P=0.039).CONCLUSION Serum NPTX2 was found to be related to cognitive dysfunction and the EEG slow wave/fast wave frequency ratio in patients with epilepsy.It is thus a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy.

Stepwise joint inversion of surface wave dispersion,Rayleigh wave ZH ratio,and receiver function data for 1D crustal shear wave velocity structure

Accurate determination of seismic velocity of the crust is important for understanding regional tectonics and crustal evolution of the Earth. We propose a stepwise joint linearized inversion method using surface wave dispersion, Rayleigh wave ZH ratio （i.e., ellipticity）, and receiver function data to better resolve 1D crustal shear wave velocity （Vs） structure. Surface wave dispersion and Rayleigh wave ZH ratio data are more sensitive to absolute variations of shear wave speed at depths, but their sensi- tivity kernels to shear wave speeds are different and complimentary. However, receiver function data are more sensitive to sharp velocity contrast （e.g., due to the existence of crustal interfaces） and Vp/Vs ratios. The stepwise inversion method takes advantages of the complementary sensitivities of each dataset to better constrain the Vs model in the crust. We firstly invert surface wave dispersion and ZH ratio data to obtain a 1D smooth absolute vs model and then incorporate receiver function data in the joint inver- sion to obtain a finer Vs model with better constraints on interface structures. Through synthetic tests, Monte Carlo error analyses, and application to real data, we demonstrate that the proposed joint inversion method can resolve robust crustal Vs structures and with little initial model dependency.

Study of the Change in Wave Velocity Ratio before and after Two Strong Earthquakes Using Airgun Source Data

Using the signals excited by the large-volume airgun source at the Binchuan transmitting seismic station from January to June,2016,arrival-time data was acquired at four stations near the epicenter of the Eryuan MS4.5 and MS4.0 earthquakes on February 8,2016,as well as the epicenter of the Yunlong MS5.0 and Eryuan MS4.6 earthquakes on May 18,2016 through the waveform cross-correlation technique.The wave velocity ratio of the four stations was calculated using the single-station method.At the same time,the b-value and the focal mechanism consistency parameters of the study area were also calculated.The results show that:(1)the wave velocity ratio of each station experienced a process of decline-recovery-fast rise before the two strong earthquakes,and a significant quasi-synchronous rapid rise occurred within 3-12 days before the earthquake;(2)the timing of the rapid rise of the wave velocity ratio of the four stations before the Yunlong MS5.0 and Eryuan MS4.6 earthquakes were related to the epicentral distance.The station which observed the earliest increase in rapid rise is the farthest one from the epicenter,and the station where the rapid rise appeared in the latest is closest to the epicenter;(3)the form of change of the wave velocity ratio before the earthquake was different between stations located at different directions in the epicenter area;(4)the b-value and the focal mechanism consistency parameter which is commonly used to characterize the stress level both showed a downward trend before the two strong earthquakes,and were consistent with the change in the wave velocity ratio.According to the preliminary analysis,the wave velocity ratio obtained by using airgun source can better reflect the change in the stress state of the underground medium.

Time-space evolution characteristics of abrupt variation of wave velocity ratio in the seismogenic process of recent strong earthquakes in Yunnan area

Within a short period of 7 months from July 12, 1995 to February 3, 1996, three earthquakes occurred continually to west Menglian in the border area of China Myanmar ( M =7.3), in Wuding county M =6.5 and in Lijiang ( M =7.0) in Yunnan area. In this paper, the authors have studied the time space evolution characteristics of wave velocity ratio ( γ ) in observed at 5 single stations and the average value of several stations before the recent strong earthquakes. It is discovered that 5～8 years before the earthquake with M =7, source precursors of long medium term, with high (low) drastic variations of wave velocity ratio, appeared within 120 km from the epicenters, and the source precursors of long medium term entered into medium short term stage when the amplitude of wave velocity ratio suddenly increased (decreased) or times of earthquake increase drastically. Three to five years before M =6 earthquakes, source precursors of long medium term and near field precursors of long medium term, with abrupt velocity change of high values, appeared within 40 and 150 km; however, the indicator is not clear in the period of transition to medium short stage. The anomaly of γ within 150 km from the epicenter reaches as much as 3.0, while the maximum value is 2.36 in the area 250 km away, showing the characteristics that the shorter the distance the bigger the abrupt change. Namely, the anomalous amplitudes of source precursors and near field precursors are 20%～60% bigger than that of far field precursors. The reliability of abrupt variation data of γ and its physical mechanism have also been explored in this paper.

Instantaneous wave-free ratio(iFR) to determine hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis: A comprehensive review

Coronary angiography is considered to be the gold standard in the morphological evaluation of coronary artery stenosis. The morphological assessment of the severity of a coronary lesion is very subjective. Thus, the invasive fractional flow reserve(FFR) measurement represents the current standard for estimation of the hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenosis. The FFR-guided revascularization strategy was initially classified as a Class-IA-recommendation in the 2014 European Society of Cardiology/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Both the Deferral vs Performance of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Functionally Non-Significant Coronary Stenosis and Flow Reserve vs Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation studies showed no treatment advantage for hemodynamically insignificant stenoses. With the help of FFR(and targeted interventions), clinical results could be improved; however, the use in clinical practice is still limited due to the need of adenosine administration and a significant prolongation of the length of the procedure. Instantaneous wave-free ratio(iFR~) is a new innovative approach for the determination of the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenosis, which can be obtained at rest without the use of vasodilators. Regarding the periprocedural complications as well as prognosis, iFR~ showed non-inferiority to FFR in the SWEDEHEART and DEFINE-FLAIR trials. Furthermore, iFR~, enhanced by iFR~-pullback, provides the possibility to display the iFR~-change over the course of the vessel to create a hemodynamic map.

Analysis of the Wave Velocity Ratio Anomalies in the Tianshan Region of Xinjiang

Based on the seismic observation report data provided by the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network from 2009 to 2014,we calculate the wave velocity ratio and its background value for medium and small earthquakes by using the multi-station method in Tianshan,Xinjiang.This paper analyzes the variation of the wave velocity ratio disturbance value to highlight the abnormal,and also back-traces 7 moderate earthquakes at the research area.The results show that:(1)the background value of the wave velocity ratio is almost 1.70,the wave velocity ratio obviously decreases in the middle-eastern part of Tianshan and the region near the Puchang fault;(2)the wave velocity ratio disturbance value is mostly low in the epicenter before four earthquakes of M≥5.0 from 2011 to 2013 in the study area;(3)before 7 moderate strong earthquakes,the earthquake events with low value of the wave velocity ratio account for over 60% of corresponding total events near the epicenters,and the low value of the wave velocity ratio is relatively obvious before moderate earthquakes.

Time-space Evolution Pattern and Numerical Analysis of Wave Velocity Ratios Before Lijiang and Ninglang Earthquakes

Dynamic tracing of space-time evolution pattern of wave velocity ratio before the Lijiang earthquake with M=7.0 occurred on February 3, 1996 in northwestern Yunnan. We compared the Ninglang earthquakes with M=6.7 and M=6.4 which occurred on November 7 and December 13. 1976, 90 km away from the Lijiang earthquake. We found that the space-time evolution patterns of velocity that various authors’ studied at different times are very similar.Anomaly areas of wave velocity ratio with high values appeared in the seismogenic areas 5 -7 years before the strong earthquake. Anomalies with low values in large areas appeared 3-4 years before the earthquake. Once again the anomaly areas of wave velocity ratio with high values appear in a lower range 1 ~2 years before. The strong earthquake occurred in the overlapping area of two high value anomaly areas, surrounded by the anomaly areas with low values. The monthly mean values of wave velocity ratio before the two strong earthquakes had maintained low value

Transmission ratio (T_n) in the radian direction normal to joints in 2-D compressional wave propagation in rock masses

The transmission ratio along the radian direction normal to the joints was studied in the Universal Distinct Element Code （UDEC）. The variation of the transmission ratio with the ratio of joint spacing to wavelength was generalized into a general curve, which was determined by two critical points. The relationship between the two critical points and the affecting factors, quantity of joints and the normalized normal stiffness of joints, were obtained. A prediction model of the transmission ratio in the radian direction normal to the joints was proposed. The proposed model was applied to a field explosion test. The estimated values of the peak particle velocity from the prediction model were compared with the field records. The comparisons showed that the prediction model of the transmission ratio in the direction normal to the joints in the process of 2-D compressional wave propagation through multiple parallel joints is reliable.

Spectral-Phase-Modulated Cross-Polarized Wave for Chirped Pulse Amplifier with High Contrast Ratio

We demonstrate a high-quality cross-polarized-wave filter based on spectral phase modulation. Driven by Well- eompressed spectral-phase fully-compensated fundamental laser lmlses, the filter stretches the pulse bandwidth from 35 nm to 7Ohm with a conversion efficeiency of 20%.

Numerical Simulation of the Response Features of Apparent Seismic Wave Velocity Ratio in a Horizontal Layered Medium

This paper deals with the response features of AR(apparent ratio of seismic wave velocities to the changes of TR(true ratio of wave velocities)in the horizontal layered model by mathematical modeling.The results show that:(1)the response features of AR are associated with the parameters of the structure and its dynamic changes,and the relative position between the hypocenters and the monitoring networks,showing complicated patterns strongly related to the concrete paths of propagation of seismic waves from the source to the receiver in the observatories of the network;(2)the depth of the seismic source would have important influence on the response features of AR,especially the capacity to carry the anomalous information in the condition of the earth media,being in the anomalous state would be greater for those earthquakes which occur inside the anomalous layers than those underneath the anomalous layers;(3)the response features of AR are clearly related to the changes of TR(true ratio of wave velocities)instead of changes of wave velocities themselves,i.e.the response could be small as the changes in TR is small even in the case of large changes in the wave velocities.It is suggested that more attention must be paid to all these features in combination with detailed investigation of the velocity structure of the earth media in the study region and best fitting of precise hypocenter locations when one wants to obtain the reliable precursors from the changes in AR.

Effect of Distortion Ratio on Local Scour Under Tidal Currents and Waves

Five generalized physical models of different distortion ratios were built according to DOU Guo-ren's similarity theory of total sediment transport modeling for estuarine and coastal regions. Experiments on local scour in front of groins were made under the actions of tidal currents and waves with clear and sediment entraining water. The scour depths under different dynamic actions are compared. The effect of the distortion ratio on the depth of scour hole is discussed. A relationship between scour depths for distorted and undistorted models is given.

Q波段宽带螺旋线行波管输能系统研究

针对Q波段宽带螺旋线行波管所需要的低损耗、低反射输能系统,采用后馈式单脊过渡波导和盒型窗方案,优化设计了过渡波导阻抗变换结构、内导体尺寸和螺旋线大螺距过渡结构,得到33~50 GHz频带内驻波系数小于2的输能系统,并成功应用在Q波段宽带多用途螺旋线行波管中。

负泊松比局域共振地震超材料减隔振特性研究

地震是严重危害人类的自然灾害之一,极具突发性和毁灭性,地震波频率大多位于0~20 Hz,属于典型的低频波,而传统隔振结构对低频波的隔离效果差。近年来,随着局域共振型地震超材料隔振屏障的提出,为实现低频地震波的隔离提供了新思路,然而针对超低频地震波的隔离,仍存在挑战。为此,针对传统局域共振地震超材料未考虑其本身的吸能特性,结合负泊松比材料具有良好的能量吸收特性,创新性提出了负泊松比局域共振地震超材料隔振屏障,实现了超低频地震波的隔离。基于周期性理论,利用COMSOL Multiphysics探究其带隙形成机理及其减振的特性。结果表明:通过结合局域共振地震超材料及负泊松比材料,对共振器进行连续周期性排列,得到的新型地震超材料带隙为0.612~13.350 Hz,探明了其带隙形成机制,实现了利用小尺寸隔振屏障得到超低超宽隔振频带;负泊松比材料的泊松比值、密度及弹性模量对频率带隙具有一定影响,实际工程中应选择负泊松比值、密度及弹性模量均较小的负泊松比材料。针对不同主频范围的实际地震波隔振效果的研究发现,对主频大于0.612 Hz以上的地震波具有显著的隔振效果。所提出的负泊松比局域共振地震超材料实现了利用小尺寸隔振屏障对超低频地震波的隔离,在地震波隔离的应用上具有广阔的前景。

一种小动静比橡胶隔振器仿真与试验

通过隔振器内部结构设计,在保证承载能力的同时降低橡胶隔振器的动态刚度。开展橡胶隔振器的静态变形、在给定静变形下的动态仿真分析,表明该隔振器在静态力-位移曲线上具有负斜率特性,对应隔振器内部结构的失稳变形;进行隔振器的静压试验、动态试验和隔振系统中的振动传递试验,结果表明,静态力-位移曲线试验结果呈现负斜率特性,在静态曲线上不同工作点处的固有频率呈现负斜率处最小的特性。

多源频率域地震勘探技术及应用

在城市地球物理勘探中,因受到城市中各种强电磁机械干扰和交通建筑阻隔,诸多地球物理勘探技术勘探效果不佳。本文基于瞬态面波、微动台阵和微动谱比,采用多点三分量低频传感器获取的多源频率域地震数据,综合提取两种特征曲线后进行联合反演,实现融合3种技术的多源频率域地震勘探。其中,提出了双源综合频散谱提取技术、双源特征曲线联合反演技术和基于非均匀介质的等效均匀介质正演技术,勘探成果的精度和效率均得到了提高,在工程实践中得到验证。

水平偏心摆波能装置运动获能特性研究

以水平偏心摆波能装置为对象,通过物理模型试验和数值模拟,对装置在单自由度和多自由度下的运动和获能规律进行研究。不同波周期下,摆体出现小幅振荡、旋转和振荡旋转三种运动状态。研究表明,装置在单自由度下出现对获能不利的“锁停”现象,而多自由度的获能相对较好,平均功率随波浪周期出现两次峰值。第一次峰值对应波周期与能量输出(PTO)阻尼和摆臂长度正相关,峰值与PTO阻尼正相关;第二次峰值及对应波周期与外浮体轴比正相关。

基于Barker码脉冲压缩技术的钢板多阵元Lamb波电磁超声换能器设计与优化

为了解决传统Barker码脉冲压缩技术受脉冲功率放大器额定参数(占空比,最大脉冲宽度等)限制而导致的脉冲压缩效果下降、检测速度降低等问题,提出一种基于Barker码脉冲压缩技术的多阵元Lamb波电磁超声换能器(EMAT)。建立了基于tone-burst信号激励-Barker码脉冲压缩技术的多阵元Lamb波EMAT检测过程的有限元模型,分析了永磁体的配置形式、阵元序列长度、激励信号周期数、曲折线圈匝数等因素对脉冲压缩后的主旁瓣比和主瓣宽度的影响,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:曲折线圈匝数为4和Barker码序列长度为13位的多阵元EMAT在配置3对外置永磁体后,其信噪比(SNR)可提高9.8 dB。综合考虑检测回波的空间分辨率和SNR,多阵元Lamb波EMAT最佳参数为:曲折线圈匝数为10、激励信号周期数为11、Barker序列为13位,并配置3对外置永磁体。

重力参数对非阻塞性颗粒阻尼减振特性的影响

针对非阻塞性颗粒阻尼(Non-obstructive Particle Damping,NOPD)在微重力、超重及离心等非常态环境中减振效果较差的问题,采用重力加速度表征这些非常态物理环境,利用离散元法(Discrete Element Method,DEM)研究重力参数对NOPD减振特性的影响,同时还分析NOPD最优填充比及最优粒径比等结构参数在不同重力条件下的变化规律。研究表明,重力加速度在0.7~1.0 g之间时NOPD减振效果最好。在微重力环境下,当重力参数变化时,NOPD最优填充比为0.85,最优粒径比为0.45。而当重力加速度大于1 g时,NOPD最优填充比及最优粒径比均随重力加速度的增加而减小,且其最优范围也均有所扩大。

基于三状态PWM的电动汽车电机驱动系统多模式调制策略研究

在电动汽车电驱动系统中,逆变器中的高频开关动作是产生开关损耗影响逆变器效率的主要因素,特别是为适应驱动电机高速化的趋势,不得不采用较高的开关频率,从而在低速时产生不必要的开关损耗,使逆变器效率偏低。因此,该文提出一种基于三状态脉冲宽度调制(TSPWM)的多模式调制策略来减少逆变器的开关损耗,提高全工况范围的逆变器效率。根据工况动态改变调制模式:在不同转速下采取变载频分段异步TSPWM;根据电机的相电流幅值动态地改变TSPWM不连续调制的钳位模式,使电流幅值较大的相保持在钳位状态以减小损耗。为了解决不同模式切换时相位突变导致电流或转矩冲击的问题,提出一种基于载波周期角度计算的电压矢量相位补偿算法,通过精确分析调制模式改变时刻对电压矢量角的影响,计算出切换后的补偿角度对空间电压矢量角进行补偿,从而实现不同模式的平滑切换。最后,通过算法仿真和电机实验验证了所提策略的有效性。结果表明,采用基于TSPWM的多模式调制策略的电机驱动系统,其逆变器效率得到了显著提升,且具有较小的共模电压。

准噶尔盆地东南缘页岩油储层脆性预测与评价

准噶尔盆地东南缘二叠系中下部发育页岩油致密储层,脆性预测与评价对其勘探和开发有重要意义。本文利用岩石物理实验、测井资料和叠前地震资料计算了准噶尔盆地东南缘二叠系页岩油致密储层脆性指数,对Rickman经典公式法、杨氏模量与泊松比比值法、拉梅系数法和剪切模量法进行了比较、分析与评价。研究认为:1)杨氏模量相对泊松比对岩性有更好的区分度,由拉梅系数表征的泥岩分布率较高;2)根据文献所得测井多参数计算脆性指数的方法应用效果不佳,在Castagna经验公式换算横波速度基础上计算的脆性指数具有较好的应用效果;3)由YPD(Young's modulus-Poisson's ratio-density)式和LMR(拉梅系数-密度)式反演的弹性参数变化率也能较好地指示有利储层,尤以密度变化率为最佳,该属性在扇三角洲前缘及分流河道特征上得到很好的展示;4)岩石物理实验和实际资料应用均表明,ρE/σ为研究区脆性的最佳表征公式,效果好于Rickman经典公式与其他方法。