The components transitive regularity of three dosage forms of Liuwei Dihuang Fufang

Objective To explore the transitive regularity of holistic constituents from the crude slices of the medicinal raw materials(MCS)to the formula granules(FG),fufang decoction(FD),and finally,the concentrated pills(CP)of Liuwei Dihuang Fufang(六味地黄复方,LWDHF).Methods Samples for MCS,FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF were obtained,and a fingerprint data-base was established using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),by separating the samples in an XB-C18 column and analyzing the transitive regularity of components us-ing the total quantum statistical moment(TQSM),including total quantum zero moment(AUCT),total quantum first moment(MRTT),total quantum second moment(VRTT),and its similarity approach.The AUCT,MRTT,and VRTT were calculated based on the representative HPLC chromatograms of FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF.Results AUCT of FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF was 71804,46553,and 144646μV·s,respectively;MRTT was 14.43,14.54,and 18.85 min,respectively;and VRTT was 106.98,112.84,and 269.12 min2,respectively.Comparing the similarity of FG/FD,FG/CP and FD/CP of LWDHF,the TQSM similarity values were 98.66%,76.62%,and 75.37%,respectively,whereas the tradi-tional similarity evaluation values were 98.68%,85.43%,and 85.60%,respectively.Conclusion The results perform little distinction in the total composition between FG and FD,whereas some distinction existed between FD and CP.Experimental evidence,therefore indicates that FG could be used as the alternative of MCS in clinical applications.

Optimal precursors of double-gyre regime transitions with an adjoint-free method

In this paper, we find the optimal precursors which can cause double-gyre regime transitions based on conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method with Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Firstly, we simulate the multiple-equilibria regimes of double-gyre circulation under different viscosity coefficient and obtain the bifurcation diagram, then choose two equilibrium states (called jet-up state and jet-down state) as reference states respectively, propose Principal Component Analysis-based Simulated Annealing (PCASA) algorithm to solve CNOP-type initial perturbations which can induce double-gyre regime transitions between jet-up state and jet-down state. PCASA algorithm is an adjoint-free method which searches optimal solution randomly in the whole solution space. In addition, we investigate CNOP-type initial perturbations how to evolve with time. The results show:(1) the CNOP-type perturbations present a two-cell structure, and gradually evolves into a three-cell structure at predictive time;(2) by superimposing CNOP-type perturbations on the jet-up state and integrating ROMS, double-gyre circulation transfers from jet-up state to jet-down state, and vice versa, and random initial perturbations don't cause the transitions, which means CNOP-type perturbations are the optimal precursors of double-gyre regime transitions;(3) by analyzing the transition process of double-gyre regime transitions, we find that CNOP-type initial perturbations obtain energy from the background state through both barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, and barotropic instability contributes more significantly to the fast-growth of the perturbations. The optimal precursors and the dynamic mechanism of double-gyre regime transitions revealed in this paper have an important significance to enhance the predictability of double-gyre circulation.

X-ray diffraction study of effect of deposition conditions on α-β phase transition and stress evolution in sputter-deposited W coatings

Pure W and W-Cu-W trilayer coatings were deposited on an Fe substrate by d.c. magnetron sputtering. The α-β phase evolution, intragranular stress evolution in sputter-deposited W layer were investigated by x-ray diffraction. They are directly related to the film microstructure, density and adhesion. Therefore, control of the film stress and phase component transition is essential for its applications. The phase component transition from β-W to α-W and intragranular stress evolution from tensile to compressive strongly depend on the deposition parameters and can be induced by lowering Ar pressure and rising target power. The compressively stressed films with α-W phase have a dense microstructure and high adhesion to Fe substrate.

Improving the process forming limit considering forming defects in the transitional region in local loading forming of Ti-alloy rib-web components

The isothermal local loading forming technology provides a feasible way to form Ti-alloy large-scale rib-web components in aerospace and aviation fields.However,the local loading process forming limit is restricted by forming defects in the transitional region.In this work,the feasibility of controlling forming defects and improving the process forming limit by adjusting die parameters is explored through finite element（FE） simulation.It is found that the common cavum and folding defects in the transitional region are significantly influenced by the fillet radii of left rib and middle rib,respectively.The cavum and folding defects can be effectively controlled by increasing the fillet radii of left rib and middle rib,respectively.The process forming limits considering forming defects in the transitional region are determined by the stepwise searching method under various die parameters.Moreover,the relationship between the process forming limit and die parameters is developed through the response surface methodology（RSM）.The developed RSM models suggest that increasing the fillet radii of left and middle ribs is effective to improve the process forming limit during local loading forming of rib-web components.The results will provide technical basis for the design of die parameters and the reduction amount,which is of great importance to control forming defects and improve the process forming limit in local loading forming of Ti-alloy large-scale rib-web components.

Developing Innovative Concepts for Measuring and Assessing Transit System Maturity

In this research three new innovative concepts are introduced and developed: the first defined as Transit System Maturity Components (TSMC), the second referred to as Transit System Maturity Scale (TSMS) and the third labeled as Transit System Maturity Index (TSMI). The TSMC is meant to conceptualise the main strategic generic components characterising the maturity of transit systems. The TSMS is an S shaped scaling system for measuring maturity of transit system components. The TSMI presents an innovative index meant to assess the overall level of maturity of a city transit system. Such framework is envisaged to be used to determine and compare the overall maturity levels of transit systems in cities of the world as well as to act as a basis to identify strengths & gaps that need to be addressed/completed. Furthermore, it can also act as an ingredient in shaping and developing future road maps for transit system in cities across the world. The research concludes by demonstrating the applicability of TSMC, TSMS, and TSMI in conducting an initial assessment of the Transit System Maturity for the fast growing city of Dubai.

Impact of Winter Transit Air Masses on the Sources and Composition Characteristics of Atmospheric Pollution in Hengyang

Through the integration and analysis platform of particulate matter components,a preliminary comparison was conducted on the pollution contribution of the three winter transit air masses in December to environmental quality,and the changes and related relationships of water-soluble ions and particulate matter elements were analyzed.The results showed that winter transit air masses had a significant impact on the air quality in Hengyang.In the quantitative comparison of the primary pollutant contribution during the transit period of air masses,local sources and transit sources each accounted for half,and the impact of transit source on ambient air quality was much greater than that of seasonal base increase.Fine particulate matter was closely related to secondary ions,and particulate matter was closely related to primary ions.The transit of air masses promoted the improvement of secondary ion conversion rate,and the unit increment of fine particulate matter was greater than that of particulate matter.During the transit period,the mass concentrations of most water-soluble ions and most particulate matter elements maintained synchronous growth,with a superimposed effect.The composition ratio of organic carbon and nitrate ions increased,while the composition ratio of ammonia and sulfate ions decreased.Both disposable ions and secondary conversions in the composition of PM_(2.5)had increases and decreases.The high conversion rate of nitrate and the high composition ratio of ammonia radical in Hengyang indicated that transportation source factors had a significant impact on the local environmental quality of Hengyang.

Domain walls and their interactions in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate

We investigate domain wall excitations in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate with two-body interactions and pair-transition effects. It is shown that domain wall excitations can be described exactly by kink and anti-kink excitations in each component. The domain wall solutions are given analytically, which exist with different conditions compared with the domain wall reported before. Bubble-droplet structure can be also obtained from the fundamental domain wall, and their interactions are investigated analytically. Especially, domain wall interactions demonstrate some striking particle transition dynamics. These striking transition effects make the domain wall admit quite different collision behavior, in contrast to the collision between solitons or other nonlinear waves. The collisions between kinks induce some phase shift, which makes the domain wall change greatly. Their collisions can be elastic or inelastic with proper combination of fundamental domain walls. These characters can be used to manipulate one domain wall by interacting with other ones.

土地利用转型下的西安市景观格局演变特征及驱动力分析

为揭示1990—2020年来西安市土地利用与景观格局的时空演变规律,以1990年、2000年、2010年和2020年土地利用数据为基础,借助ArcGIS10.8和Fragstats4.2等软件对其进行分析。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年,土地利用变化显著,耕地面积持续减少,草地面积先减后增整体呈现下降趋势,随着城市的不断发展,建设用地大面积占用了耕地,使耕地面积逐步缩小,且其他用地类型也均向建设用地转变;(2)在不同的景观类型之间,存在着明显的迁移现象,它们的空间聚集程度减小,破碎度增强,形状变得更为复杂,景观优势度减小,异质性增加;(3)景观格局演变的主要驱动因素是社会经济发展、农业生产和政策导向,其中,社会经济发展是耕地向建设用地转化的主要驱动力,政策因素是引起林地和耕地发生转移的根本原因。

城市轨道交通装配式地下车站新型构件连接方案的抗剪及抗震性能分析

[目的]为了进一步推广地下装配式结构在城市轨道交通工程中的应用,应对城市轨道交通车站明挖装配式出入口施工的关键技术(尤其是新型构件连接方案)进行研究。[方法]设计了由2块尺寸相同的不等边C形标准构件(有2道横向裂缝)拼接而成的城市轨道交通车站装配式出入口结构,基于此结构提出了一种新型的构件连接方案。通过模型试验及数值模拟,研究了该新型连接节点的抗剪性能和抗震性能,得出了不同受力条件下的荷载-位移曲线、抗剪形态、抗震耗能及延性等指标,验证了该新型连接节点的可靠性。[结果及结论]装配构件的截面抗剪承载力远高于传统现浇截面抗剪承载力;型钢的存在可以充分保证试件的抗剪能力;“承插接口+型钢插板”是一种可靠的连接方式,其各项性能与现浇试件相比大致相当;型钢插入长度的变化对接缝处裂缝及其最大承载力的影响很小,建议选用的型钢插入长度等与构件厚度一致。

基于主成分分析法的城轨运营安全评价指标体系研究

研究城轨运营事故的分布特征和致因机理,对保障运营安全、制定安全管控措施具有重要意义。本文针对1970—2022年国内外425例城轨运营事故,对比分析运营事故的发生原因及时间分布特征。基于致因机理并结合主成分分析法,构建城轨运营安全评价体系,提出基于博弈论的组合权重评价方法,并以1990—2022年我国274例运营事故数据为例,结合专家打分情况,从宏观角度分析我国城轨运营安全状况。研究结果表明:引发运营事故的原因包括人员因素、设备因素和环境因素,其中国内和国外由设备原因导致的运营事故占比最高,分别为65%、56%,1月、3月、7月、8月和12月为事故频发月份,与客流高峰月份相同;组合赋权法既考虑客观统计数据中的信息量,又结合主观专家的经验积累,其评价结果与统计结果相差较小,证明评价方法的可行性。

城市轨道交通列车系统部件集中维修规划布局研究

实现城市轨道交通列车系统的部件集中维修对于提高维修效率、优化资源配置、节省投资费用具有重要意义。研究首先筛选出适用集中维修的车辆部件集合;然后以集中修部件往返转运总里程和部件维修中心总费用最小为优化目标,构建部件集中维修规划布局模型;最后以某城市轨道交通线网为例进行验证,研究权重系数、最短路面转运距离限制2个关键参数对优化方案的影响。案例结果表明:所得结果相比现行方案可在略微增加转运总里程的情况下,显著节省50.25%的维修中心总费用;企业可通过对优化目标的偏好调节权重系数,提升所得集中修方案与运维需求的适配性;转运距离限制可实现所得结果匹配实际需求,保证了布局方案在实际轨道交通线网中的可行性。

基于综合序分量的柔性直流交流送出线路单相接地距离保护

在柔性直流换流器故障电流相位受控特性的影响下,传统距离保护在柔性直流交流送出线路发生单相经过渡电阻接地故障后易出现不正确动作行为。文中分析了柔性直流交流送出线路单相接地故障时的电气量分布规律,利用柔性直流交流送出线路单相接地故障期间换流站侧负序电流受抑制的新特征,提出一种基于综合序分量的新型单相接地距离保护。所提保护方案从理论上消除了过渡电阻的影响,可基于单端量准确计算故障位置。此外,该保护也适用于柔性直流并网于弱系统场景。最后,通过仿真验证了所提保护方案的有效性。

Robust optimization of the billet for isothermal local loading transitional region of a Ti-alloy rib-web component based on dual-response surface method

Billet optimization can greatly improve the forming quality of the transitional region in the isothermal local loading forming （ILLF） of large-scale Ti-alloy ribweb components. However, the final quality of the transitional region may be deteriorated by uncontrollable factors, such as the manufacturing tolerance of the preforming billet, fluctuation of the stroke length, and friction factor. Thus, a dual-response surface method （RSM）-based robust optimization of the billet was proposed to address the uncontrollable factors in transi- tional region of the ILLF. Given that the die underfilling and folding defect are two key factors that influence the forming quality of the transitional region, minimizing the mean and standard deviation of the die underfilling rate and avoiding folding defect were defined as the objective function and constraint condition in robust optimization. Then, the cross array design was constructed, a dual-RSM model was established for the mean and standard deviation of the die underfilling rate by considering the size parameters of the billet and uncontrollable factors. Subsequently, an optimum solution was derived to achieve the robust optimization of the billet. A case study on robust optimization was conducted. Good results were attained for improving the die filling and avoiding folding defect, suggesting that the robust optimization of the billet in the transitional region of the ILLF was efficient and reliable.

基于IFC的轨道交通BIM构件标准库研究

针对轨道交通工程的建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)建模方法不统一、信息不规范,导致BIM模型数据难以在后期有效统一应用的弊端,研究基于工业基础类(industry foundation classes,IFC)标准的轨道交通BIM构件标准库。首先,根据轨道交通工程各专业构件的表达需求,研究构件类型、构件信息的IFC表达,以及适配IFC标准的扩展机制;其次,提出轨道交通BIM构件标准库技术框架,主要包括基础数据层、技术支撑层、应用场景层、用户层;然后,采用国家标准的分类编码方法定义轨道交通各专业BIM构件的分类编码,设计了构件信息模板,规范各专业构件的属性信息及其资源链接方式;最后,研究BIM构件模型的加解密方法,以保障轨道交通工程BIM模型数据的安全性。研究结果表明,通过搭建统一的BIM构件标准库,能够促进参建方采用标准化的BIM构件模型创建轨道交通BIM项目模型,保障BIM模型的规范性。

加热温度对高钒高速钢中M2C碳化物分解转变行为的影响

基于高耐磨性的需要,设计了一种W3Mo4Cr5V6高钒高速钢,利用SEM、EMPA等手段对该钢高温加热过程亚稳态M_(2)C碳化物的分解转变行为进行了分析。结果表明,共晶碳化物M_(2)C在高温加热过程会发生M_(2)C+γ-Fe→M_(6)C+MC+M_(7)C_(3)的转变,在富Mo、W的M_(2)C相周围形成了大量富W、Mo的M_(6)C及少量富V的MC和富Cr的M_(7)C_(3)。随着温度由950℃增至1150℃,M_(2)C高温转变逐渐趋于完全,且纤维状M_(2)C比层片状M_(2)C更易分解转变,最终,由呈断续网状分布于奥氏体晶界的层片或纤维状形貌向零星分布于晶界的颗粒状形貌过渡,可有效减少网状碳化物对晶界的危害。研究可为高速钢中晶界碳化物成分、形态控制及其热加工、热处理过程温度与时间等参数选择提供有效参考。

厦门白城海滩地貌季节性变化的沉积物粒度响应

根据厦门白城海滩2022—2023年连续4个季节的海滩剖面形态测量和表层沉积物粒度分析,探讨非典型砂泥复合型海滩地貌的季节性变化规律及其主控因素,尝试揭示海滩表层沉积物粒度结构对海滩地貌季节变化的响应过程。研究结果表明:由2022年秋季至冬季、再到2023年春季,白城海滩上风向强烈侵蚀、下风向淤积,受厦门环岛顺时针向的沿岸输沙作用控制;且随着季风转向和波浪减弱,沿岸输沙减弱,海滩侵蚀强度降低。而由2023年春季至夏季,沿岸输沙进一步减弱,但白城海滩各剖面均显示不同程度的侵蚀,滩砂流失加剧,与夏季强降水引起的滩砂横向顺坡向下搬运有关,并伴随着大量游客的涌入加剧了海滩的侵蚀。白城海滩侵蚀强度强-弱-强的季节阶段性变化与沿岸输沙-横向输沙的季节性转变有关,海滩表层沉积物粒度也随之产生明显的联动变化。白城海滩在秋-冬-春-夏的季节时间尺度上,剖面坡度和沉积物粒径数值均呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,海滩侵蚀强度大、沉积物粒径增加、滩面变陡,主要与沿岸输沙-横向输沙的季节性转变过程有关。研究结果对于深入理解砂泥复合型海滩动力地貌过程具有重要意义。

馏分炼油向组分炼油转变实现炼油向化工高效转型

在多重发展压力的持续叠加下,传统炼油行业转型升级迫在眉睫。为了充分发挥石油中不同结构分子及组分的最大价值,经济高效生产高附加值产品,组分炼油成为帮助石化行业快速转型升级以及迈向分子炼油的重要方向。通过与传统馏分炼油对比,对组分炼油挖掘原油特定组分与目标产品间的重要关系,以及组分炼油的实施步骤和关键支撑技术进行了分析,并对其在提高原油资源利用率与产品附加值、降低生产成本与碳排放、新材料开发等方面的作用进行了深入研究。在组分炼油方案中,乙烯产品收率和吨原油效益可分别提高约12.7%和160.12元,吨原油二氧化碳减排量约为19.83 kg。本研究可为分离技术和关键炼油技术未来发展与应用提供重要参考,助力石化行业实现低碳转型升级目标。

面向少样本及小目标环境下接触网零部件缺陷检测模型

[目的]针对少样本条件下轨道交通接触网小体积零部件检测困难问题,提出一种融合生成对抗网络和深度分割模型的缺陷检测方法。[方法]介绍了检测系统;介绍了改进的DCGAN(深度卷积生成对抗网络)结构和改进的YOLACT(单阶段条件对抗性网络)模型,并基于实际缺陷数据集验证缺陷检测效果。[结果及结论]在样本扩充部分,改进的DCGAN模型能够通过引入若干量纲一化操作,增加高效通道注意力机制,提高生成样本的质量。在模型检测部分,采用改进的ResNeXt-FPN(残差网络与特征金字塔结合的深度卷积神经网络)结构代替原始YOLACT模型的主干网络,以充分表征目标多尺度特征。在掩码分支网络中引入CS(通道和空间)注意力机制,能够有效提高小体积零部件的检测精度。所提缺陷检测模型能够在复杂接触网图像中实现开口销钉的高精度检测,其检测精度和召回率分别高达88.63%和87.49%。相比于原始YOLACT模型,所提缺陷检测模型的综合性能提升约6.2%。

Phase field modeling for dendritic morphology transition and micro-segregation in multi-component alloys

By using the phase field model for the solidification of multi-component alloys and coupling with real thermodynamic data, the dendritic morphology transition and the dendritic micro-segregation of Ni-Al-Nb ternary alloys are simulated in two cases, i.e., varying the alloy composition at a fixed under-cooling and varying the undercooling at a fixed alloy composition. The simulated results indicate that with the increase of the dimensionless undercooling U (U=ΔT/ΔT0, where ΔT is the undercooling and ΔT0 the temperature interval between the solidus and liquidus), the dendritic morphology transfers from dendritic to globular growth in both cases. As to the dendritic micro-segregation, both cases present a regularity of increasing at first and then decreasing.

“碳中和”视角下主成分分析法的能源转型成效评价研究

传统的主成分分析法在评价能源转型成效时,无法充分考虑“碳中和”目标的影响,因此,提出“碳中和”视角下改进主成分分析法的能源转型成效评价方法。“碳中和”视角下计算能源转型成效指标权重,从多个维度全面评价能源转型的成效,构建能源转型成效评价模型,基于改进主成分分析法评价能源转型成效,综合得分越高,说明在能源转型方面的整体成效越好。实验结果表明:使用此方法后,碳排放量的减排效果明显,碳排放量明显下降,达到“碳中和”的目标。