Preserving entanglement and the fidelity of three-qubit quantum states undergoing decoherence using weak measurement

We demonstrate a method to preserve entanglement and improve fidelity of three-qubit quantum states undergoing amplitude-damping decoherence using weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal. It is shown that we are able to enhance entanglement to the greatest extent, and to circumvent entanglement sudden death by increasing the weak measurement strength both for the GHZ state and the W state. The weak measurement technique can also enhance the fidelity to the quantum region and even close to 1 for the whole range of the decoherence parameter in both of the two cases. In addition, the W state can maintain more fidelity than the GHZ state in the protection protocol. However, the GHZ state has a higher success probability than the W state.

Protecting Distribution Entanglement by Weak Measurement and Reversal under Various Decoherence Sources

Protection of entanglement from disturbance of the environment is an essential task in quantum information processing. We examine the validity and limitation of the weak measurement and reversal(WMR) operation in the protection of distributed entanglement from various decoherence sources. Since the entanglement variation can be investigated analytically for an arbitrarily entangled bipartite pure state under three kinds of typical noisy quantum channels, we show explicitly that the WMR operation indeed helps for protecting distributed entanglement from amplitude damping and phase damping, but not for depolarizing. Experimental feasibility for testing our results is discussed using current laboratory techniques.

Protected simultaneous quantum remote state preparation scheme by weak and reversal measurements in noisy environments

We discuss a quantum remote state preparation protocol by which two parties, Alice and Candy, prepare a single-qubit and a two-qubit state, respectively, at the site of the receiver Bob. The single-qubit state is known to Alice while the two-qubit state which is a non-maximally entangled Bell state is known to Candy. The three parties are connected through a single entangled state which acts as a quantum channel. We first describe the protocol in the ideal case when the entangled channel under use is in a pure state. After that, we consider the effect of amplitude damping(AD) noise on the quantum channel and describe the protocol executed through the noisy channel. The decrement of the fidelity is shown to occur with the increment in the noise parameter. This is shown by numerical computation in specific examples of the states to be created. Finally, we show that it is possible to maintain the label of fidelity to some extent and hence to decrease the effect of noise by the application of weak and reversal measurements. We also present a scheme for the generation of the five-qubit entangled resource which we require as a quantum channel. The generation scheme is run on the IBMQ platform.

Reversion of weak-measured quantum entanglement state

We theoretically study the reversible process of quantum entanglement state by means of weak measurement and corresponding reversible operation.We present a protocol of the reversion operation in two bodies based on the theory of reversion of single photon and then expend it in quantum communication channels.The theoretical results demonstrate that the protocol does not break the information transmission after a weak measurement and a reversible measurement with the subsequent process in the transmission path.It can reverse the perturbed entanglement intensity evolution to its original state.Under the condition of different weak measurement intensity the protocol can reverse the perturbed quantum entanglement system perfectly.In the process we can get the classical information described by information gain from the quantum system through weak measurement operation.On the other hand,in order to realize complete reversibility,the classical information of the quantum entanglement system must obey a limited range we present in this paper in the reverse process.

Protecting the entanglement of two-qubit over quantum channels with memory via weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal

Based on the quantum technique of the weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal(WMR),we propose a scheme to protect entanglement for an entangled two-qubit pure state from four typical quantum noise channels with memory,i.e.,the amplitude damping channel,the phase damping channel,the bit flip channel,and the depolarizing channel.For a given initial state |Ψ>=a |00>+d|11>,it is found that the WMR operation indeed helps to protect entanglement from the above four quantum channels with memory,and the protection effect of WMR scheme is better when the coefficient a is small.For the other initial state |φ>=b|01>+c|10>,the effect of the protection scheme is the same regardless of the coefficient b and the WMR operation can protect entanglement in the amplitude damping channel with memory.Moreover,the protection of entanglement in quantum noise channels without memory in contrast to the results of the channels with memory is more effective.For |Ψ> or |φ>,we also find that the memory parameters play a significant role in the suppression of entanglement sudden death and the initial entanglement can be drastically amplified.Another more important result is that the relationship between the concurrence,the memory parameter,the weak measurement strength,and quantum measurement reversal strength is found through calculation and discussion.It provides a strong basis for the system to maintain maximum entanglement in the nosie channel.

Enhancing the precision of phase estimation by weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal

The enhancement of the precision of phase estimation in quantum metrology is investigated by employing weak measurement （WM） and quantum measurement reversal （QMR）. We derive the exact expressions of the optimal quantum Fisher information （QFI） and success probability of phase estimation for an exactly solving model consisting of a qubit interacting with a structured reservoir. We show that the QFI can be obviously enhanced by means of the WM and QMR in different regimes. In addition, we also show that the magnitude of the decoherence involved in the WM and QMR can be a general complex number, which extends the applicable scope of the WM and QMR approach.

Decoherence suppression for three-qubit W-like state using weak measurement and iteration method

Multi-qubit entanglement states are the key resources for various multipartite quantum communication tasks. For a class of generalized three-qubit quantum entanglement, W-like state, we demonstrate that the weak measurement and the reversal measurement are capable of suppressing the amplitude damping decoherence by reducing the initial damping factor into a smaller equivalent damping factor. Furthermore, we propose an iteration method in the weak measurement and the reversal measurement to enhance the success probability of the total measurements. Finally, we discuss how the number of the iterations influences the overall effect of decoherence suppression, and find that the ＂half iteration＂ method is a better option that has more practical value.

Atom interferometers with weak-measurement path detectors and their quantum mechanical analysis

According to the orthodox interpretation of quantum physics, wave-particle duality(WPD) is the intrinsic property of all massive microscopic particles. All gedanken or realistic experiments based on atom interferometers(AI) have so far upheld the principle of WPD, either by the mechanism of the Heisenberg’s position-momentum uncertainty relation or by quantum entanglement. In this paper, we propose and make a systematic quantum mechanical analysis of several schemes of weak-measurement atom interferometer(WM-AI) and compare them with the historical schemes of strongmeasurement atom interferometer(SM-AI), such as Einstein’s recoiling slit and Feynman’s light microscope. As the critical part of these WM-AI setups, a weak-measurement path detector(WM-PD) deliberately interacting with the atomic internal electronic quantum states is designed and used to probe the which-path information of the atom, while only inducing negligible perturbation of the atomic center-of-mass motion. Another instrument that is used to directly interact with the atomic center-of-mass while being insensitive to the internal electronic quantum states is used to monitor the atomic centerof-mass interference pattern. Two typical schemes of WM-PD are considered. The first is the micromaser-cavity path detector, which allows us to probe the spontaneously emitted microwave photon from the incoming Rydberg atom in its excited electronic state and record unanimously the which-path information of the atom. The second is the optical-lattice Bragg-grating path detector, which can split the incoming atom beam into two different directions as determined by the internal electronic state and thus encode the which-path information of the atom into the internal states of the atom. We have used standard quantum mechanics to analyze the evolution of the atomic center-of-mass and internal electronic state wave function by directly solving Schr¨odinger’s equation for the composite atom-electron-photon system in these WM-AIs. We have also compared our analysis with the theoretical and experimental studies that have been presented in the previous literature. The results show that the two sets of instruments can work separately, collectively, and without mutual exclusion to enable simultaneous observation of both wave and particle nature of the atoms to a much higher level than the historical SM-AIs, while avoiding degradation from Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation and quantum entanglement. We have further investigated the space–time evolution of the internal electronic quantum state, as well as the combined atom–detector system and identified the microscopic origin and role of quantum entanglement, as emphasized in numerous previous studies. Based on these physics insights and theoretical analyses, we have proposed several new WM-AI schemes that can help to elucidate the puzzling physics of the WPD of the atoms. The principle of WM-AI scheme and quantum mechanical analyses made in this work can be directly extended to examine the principle of WPD for other massive particles.

Bidirectional multi-qubit quantum teleportation in noisy channel aided with weak measurement

Recently,bidirectional quantum teleportation has attracted a great deal of research attention.However,existing bidirectional teleportation schemes are normally discussed on the basis of perfect quantum environments.In this paper,we first put forward a bidirectional teleportation scheme to transport three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger（GHZ） states based on controled-not（CNOT） operation and single-qubit measurement.Then,we generalize it to the teleportation of multi-qubit GHZ states.Further,we discuss the influence of quantum noise on our scheme by the example of an amplitude damping channel,then we obtain the fidelity of the teleportation.Finally,we utilize the weak measurement and the corresponding reversing measurement to protect the quantum entanglement,which shows an effective enhancement of the teleportation fidelity.

Optimizing quantum correlation dynamics by weak measurement in dissipative environment

We investigate the protection of quantum correlations of two qubits in independent vacuum reservoirs by means of weak measurements. It is found that the weak measurement can reduce the amount of quantum correlation for one type of initial state at the beginning in a non-Markovian environment and meanwhile it can reduce the occurrence time of entanglement sudden death （ESD） in the process of time evolution. In a Markovian environment, the quantum entanglements of the two kinds of initial states decay rapidly and the weak measurement can further weaken the quantum entanglement, therefore in this case the entanglement cannot be optimized in the evolution process.

Dense coding capacity in correlated noisy channels with weak measurement

Capacity of dense coding via correlated noisy channel is greater than that via uncorrelated noisy channel.It is shown that the weak measurement and reversal measurement need to further improve their quantum dense coding capacity in correlated amplitude damping channel,but this improvement is very small in correlated phase damping channel and correlated depolarizing channel.

Promote entanglement trapping in photonic band gaps

We study the entanglement trapping of two entangled qubits, each of which is in its own photonic band gap, based on the weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal. An almost maximal entanglement of the two-qubit system can be trapped by using a certain weak measurement strength. Furthermore, we find that the optimal entanglement enhancing is not only dependent on the weak measurement strength but also on the different initial states. The outcomes in our scheme are completely different from that without any measurement on the studied system.

Quantum Correlations in a Two-Qubit Heisenberg XX Model under Intrinsic Decoherence

Taking into account the intrinsic decoherence,we have investigated quantum correlations in a two-qubit Heisenberg XX model when a nonuniform magnetic field is included.We compare entanglement measured by entanglement of formation,quantum discord and measurement-induced measurement(MID)and illustrate their diferent characteristics.Quantum discord and MID show the same features and always exist even though there is no entanglement in the long time limit.In the time evolution,quantum discord could be generated or enhanced to the stable value,while MID just decreases to the stable value.

开放系统中多体量子导引的保护

目的:基于量子测量技术,研究如何保护开放系统中多体量子导引。方法:通过使用量子反转测量和量子弱测量的组合测量,得出保护多体量子导引的最优测量结果。结果:当无测量时,多体量子导引在退相干效应的影响下逐渐退化直至消失不见;当使用最优的测量结果时,多体量子导引随着测量强度的增强而逐渐恢复。结论:在开放系统中,量子弱测量能够有效地保护由于退相干效应而退化的多体量子导引。

Weak Values Influenced by Environment

A weak value of an observable is studied for a quantum system which is placed under the influence of an environment, where a quantum system irreversibly evolves from a pre-selected state to a post-selected state. A general expression for a weak value influenced by an environment is provided. For a Markovian environment, the weak value is calculated in terms of the predictive and retrodictive density matrices, or by means of the quantum regression theorem. For a non-Markovian environment, a weak value is examined by making use of exactly solvable models. It is found that although the anomalous property is significantly suppressed by a Markovian environment, it can survive a non-Markovian environment.

弱测量理论对三能级量子态共享的保真度分析

量子态共享是量子密码学研究中的一个重要分支,而纠缠态分发是实现量子态共享方案的必要手段.噪声环境会导致量子纠缠态产生退相干,从而降低量子态共享方案的性能甚至出现失败的情况.基于三能级量子系统下三方量子态共享方案,研究了振幅阻尼信道在4种不同配置下量子态共享的保真度问题.为提升共享量子态的保真度,采用量子弱测量方法对振幅阻尼噪声信道中纠缠态的分发进行保护,得到在量子弱测量方法辅助下振幅阻尼信道中量子态共享的保真度.最后,以特定形式的量子态为例,分析了在4种不同配置的振幅阻尼信道中量子弱测量方法对共享量子态保真度的改善效果.通过仿真实验表明,量子弱测量方法只对振幅阻尼信道中2种不同配置下的量子态共享保真度有改善作用,而对其他2种配置下量子态共享的保真度没有明显的改善效果,甚至会产生相反的效果.

扩散过程中弱相干光场的退相干

研究了扩散过程中弱相干光场量子特性的演化.利用正规乘积、反正规乘积和Weyl编序算符内的积分技术,采用热纠缠态表象求解密度矩阵主方程,利用Kraus算符给出扩散过程中密度算符解的表达式,导出初态为弱相干态的量子态密度算符演化规律.讨论了扩散对光场压缩效应和反聚束效应的影响.结果表明:随着扩散过程的进行,弱相干场压缩深度和压缩范围均在减小;扩散初期光场呈反聚束效应,扩散时间大于一定值后反聚束效应消失.

在量子信息分裂中利用局部测量提高量子参数估计

我们利用多体量子纠缠信道在环境噪声中实现了关于量子相位参量的信息分裂.这个量子信息分裂方案是指从一个发送端,人们将含有信息的任意量子态传输到多个接收端,然后利用么正测量在任意一个接收端上还原量子参量信息.我们发现,在退振幅阻尼噪声通道下,合理引入局部测量能提高量子参量估计精度.当环境表现为马尔科夫性时,经过量子信息分裂,量子参量估计精度的动力学演化会呈现单调衰减趋势.当环境具有一定记忆效应时,其演化会呈现振荡起伏行为.

基于弱测量的量子系统消相干控制(英文)

研究了弱测量的性质以及潜在应用.首先,针对所定义的一类特定的正定算子值测量,从线性赋范空间的角度推导出其为弱测量时的参数条件.其次,讨论了弱测量的适用性:弱测量不仅适用于大量全同量子系统,若任意的测量算符都能够被选择性地施加,则弱测量也能够对单个的量子系统进行测量.最后,考察了弱测量对不同的量子系统的影响:对于大量全同量子系统,连续的弱测量对状态产生的影响相当于一个消相位过程,而对于单个的二能级量子系统,弱测量能够被用来抑制消相位以及去极化过程.

利用弱测量和量子测量翻转方法克服纠缠退相干

纠缠态是量子信息处理中的一种重要的物理资源,量子态在传输过程中会与环境产生不可避免的退相干。本文我们通过弱测量和量子测量翻转方法,来保护纠缠态免受振幅阻尼退相干信道的影响。以三体Wigner的朋友实验中的三量子比特态作为研究对象,计算不同退相干强度以及弱测量强度下,弱测量和量子测量翻转前后量子系统纠缠态的纠缠度与保真度。结果表明,量子态的纠缠度和保真度随弱测量强度变化,弱测量强度越大,保真度与纠缠度越大,甚至当弱测量强度足够大时,纠缠度和保真度可恢复至原值。可知弱测量和量子测量翻转方法确实有助于减轻或避免振幅阻尼量子信道中的退相干。