Shuffled frog leaping algorithm with non-dominated sorting for dynamic weapon-target assignment

The dynamic weapon target assignment(DWTA)problem is of great significance in modern air combat.However,DWTA is a highly complex constrained multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem.An improved elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II)called the non-dominated shuffled frog leaping algorithm(NSFLA)is proposed to maximize damage to enemy targets and minimize the self-threat in air combat constraints.In NSFLA,the shuffled frog leaping algorithm(SFLA)is introduced to NSGA-II to replace the inside evolutionary scheme of the genetic algorithm(GA),displaying low optimization speed and heterogeneous space search defects.Two improvements have also been raised to promote the internal optimization performance of SFLA.Firstly,the local evolution scheme,a novel crossover mechanism,ensures that each individual participates in updating instead of only the worst ones,which can expand the diversity of the population.Secondly,a discrete adaptive mutation algorithm based on the function change rate is applied to balance the global and local search.Finally,the scheme is verified in various air combat scenarios.The results show that the proposed NSFLA has apparent advantages in solution quality and efficiency,especially in many aircraft and the dynamic air combat environment.

An Intelligent Algorithm for Solving Weapon-Target Assignment Problem:DDPG-DNPE Algorithm

Aiming at the problems of traditional dynamic weapon-target assignment algorithms in command decisionmaking,such as large computational amount,slow solution speed,and low calculation accuracy,combined with deep reinforcement learning theory,an improved Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm with dual noise and prioritized experience replay is proposed,which uses a double noise mechanism to expand the search range of the action,and introduces a priority experience playback mechanism to effectively achieve data utilization.Finally,the algorithm is simulated and validated on the ground-to-air countermeasures digital battlefield.The results of the experiment show that,under the framework of the deep neural network for intelligent weapon-target assignment proposed in this paper,compared to the traditional RELU algorithm,the agent trained with reinforcement learning algorithms,such asDeepDeterministic Policy Gradient algorithm,Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic algorithm,Deep Q Network algorithm performs better.It shows that the use of deep reinforcement learning algorithms to solve the weapon-target assignment problem in the field of air defense operations is scientific.In contrast to other reinforcement learning algorithms,the agent trained by the improved Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm has a higher win rate and reward in confrontation,and the use of weapon resources is more efficient.It shows that the model and algorithm have certain superiority and rationality.The results of this paper provide new ideas for solving the problemof weapon-target assignment in air defense combat command decisions.

Survey of the research on dynamic weapon-target assignment problem

The basic concepts and models of weapon-target assignment （WTA） are introduced and the mathematical nature of the WTA models is also analyzed. A systematic survey of research on WTA problem is provided. The present research on WTA is focused on models and algorithms. In the research on models of WTA, the static WTA models are mainly studied and the dynamic WTA models are not fully studied in deed. In the research on algorithms of WTA, the intelligent algorithms are often used to solve the WTA problem. The small scale of static WTA problems has been solved very well, however, the large scale of dynamic WTA problems has not been solved effectively so far. Finally, the characteristics of dynamic WTA are analyzed and directions for the future research on dynamic WTA are discussed.

Improved MOEA/D for Dynamic Weapon-Target Assignment Problem

Conducting reasonable weapon-target assignment( WTA) with near real time can bring the maximum awards with minimum costs which are especially significant in the modern war. A framework of dynamic WTA( DWTA) model based on a series of staged static WTA( SWTA) models is established where dynamic factors including time window of target and time window of weapon are considered in the staged SWTA model. Then,a hybrid algorithm for the staged SWTA named Decomposition-Based Dynamic Weapon-target Assignment( DDWTA) is proposed which is based on the framework of multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition( MOEA / D) with two major improvements: one is the coding based on constraint of resource to generate the feasible solutions, and the other is the tabu search strategy to speed up the convergence.Comparative experiments prove that the proposed algorithm is capable of obtaining a well-converged and well diversified set of solutions on a problem instance and meets the time demand in the battlefield environment.

面向装甲分队战法运用的两阶段WTA模型

针对目前武器-目标分配模型无法满足装甲分队火力打击战法要求的问题,分析了装甲分队火力打击战法的运用方式及其对分配结果的影响,建立一种面向装甲分队战法运用的两阶段WTA模型,模型第一阶段解决了"单武器高命中概率削弱"的问题,模型第二阶段可以实现装甲分队火力打击战法对于分配结果的多种不同要求。仿真结果证明,该模型解算结果合理,符合装甲分队战法运用要求。

基于遗传算法的联合火力WTA问题研究

研究联合火力优化分配问题。联合火力是多种作战力量参战条件下的多武器-多目标对抗。由于火力分配受到多种条件的限制,分配方案又决定作战效果,而武器-目标分配(Weapon Target Assignment,WTA)是多个装备同类型武器的作战单元联合抗击多个目标进行的分配方法。针对WTA问题求解规模大和精度高的特点,传统算法均不能满足速度和精度的要求,在基本遗传算法的基础上,采用精英选择和动态遗传算子的改进算法,避免了过早收敛。利用WTA的数学模型进行仿真。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。

基于免疫记忆的蚁群算法的WTA问题求解

武器-目标分配(WTA)是影响武器系统作战有效性的重要因素之一。该文在蚁群算法中增加一个额外的记忆库,利用免疫记忆和克隆选择的思想和方法,提出了基于免疫记忆的蚁群算法(IMBACA),并用于求解武器-目标分配问题。分别用给定数据集和随机数据集的WTA问题进行实验,并与传统蚁群算法和蚁群算法的混合算法进行比较,结果显示IMBACA在解的质量和时间性能上均取得了较好的效果。

用离散粒子群优化算法求解WTA问题

为了提高武器-目标分配(WTA)问题的求解效率和性能,提出了一种用离散粒子群(DPSO)算法求解此问题的新方法.对粒子群算法中的速度和位置进行了重新定义,使其可求解WTA这类离散组合优化问题,并采用贪心的启发式策略对迭代产生的方案进行调整,以利于快速找到最优或次优的分配方案.算法测试表明新算法执行速度快,结果令人满意,提出的算法能快速给出WTA问题的最优或近优分配方案.

防空作战WTA问题优化仿真

研究武器-目标分配(Weapon-Target Assignment,WTA)问题,是以消耗最少弹药、拦截最多目标。传统方法采用典型的NP算法,受各种约束条件的限制。为提高WTA问题的求解速度和效益,提出了一种改进变异的直觉模糊差分进化算法。首先,,建立带有资源约束的WTA优化模型;其次,定义了目标函数与约束函数的隶属度和非隶属度函数,将模型转化为直觉模糊优化模型;运用算子k调节差分进化算法前后期的变异率,增强了求解直觉模糊WTA问题的全局和局部寻优能力。最后,通过与DE、Csa DE、AIS算法仿真比较分析,验证了该方法具有较快的寻优速度及较优的效益值。

基于加权窗口特征的多目标火力集中分配和动态调整算法

针对现有的火力打击规划方法在战前筹划时存在局部收敛性和全局优化能力差、缺乏对战中调整的临机处理和时效性考虑等问题,提出了基于加权窗口特征的火力集中分配和动态调整算法。首先,建立了基于加权窗口特征的分配模型以量化打击效益和资源代价,从而适应对不同作战需求的火力分配;然后,针对算法参数敏感和先验知识缺失的问题,提出了一种自适应参数的基于密度的聚类算法,可自适应寻优参数选择;最后,考虑到战中调整的实时性需求,提出了改进匈牙利算法以减少代价矩阵的迭代次数。试验表明,该算法能够有效解决战前规划和战中调整问题,且在大规模数据集上表现出比其他方法更加优越的性能,验证了该算法的有效性和灵活性。

Self-adaptive learning based discrete differential evolution algorithm for solving CJWTA problem

Cooperative jamming weapon-target assignment （CJWTA） problem is a key issue in electronic countermeasures （ECM）. Some symbols which relevant to the CJWTA are defined firstly. Then, a formulation of jamming fitness is presented. Final y, a model of the CJWTA problem is constructed. In order to solve the CJWTA problem efficiently, a self-adaptive learning based discrete differential evolution （SLDDE） algorithm is proposed by introduc-ing a self-adaptive learning mechanism into the traditional discrete differential evolution algorithm. The SLDDE algorithm steers four candidate solution generation strategies simultaneously in the framework of the self-adaptive learning mechanism. Computa-tional simulations are conducted on ten test instances of CJWTA problem. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SLDDE algorithm not only can generate better results than only one strategy based discrete differential algorithms, but also outper-forms two algorithms which are proposed recently for the weapon-target assignment problems.

基于离散映射的量子粒子群优化算法求解WTA问题

针对武器目标分配(WTA)问题及其特点,提出一种基于离散映射的量子粒子群优化算法。通过武器系统对目标攻击过程中得到的毁伤收益建立了目标分配模型,提出一种基于离散映射的编码调整方式,将连续型粒子位置矢量投影至离散空间上,避免产生不满足模型约束条件的非法解,从而提高粒子利用率。通过仿真对比验证,论文算法具有较高的收敛速度与稳定性,表明该方法能有效求解WTA问题。

武器目标分配问题研究进展:模型、算法与应用

武器目标分配问题是指挥控制与任务规划领域的关键难点之一,也是军事运筹领域的基础研究课题。经过多年研究,武器目标分配问题在陆海空天电等领域都得到了广泛研究,涌现出了大量模型和算法。系统梳理武器目标分配问题的典型作战样式、建模方法、求解算法和实验验证,掌握当前该领域的研究现状,在此基础上,结合智能化、无人化战争带来的新挑战,分析武器目标分配的发展趋势,为后续研究提供参考。

基于匈牙利-模拟退火算法的多阶段武器目标分配方法

针对现代化战争中远程精确制导武器成本高昂以及武器发射平台数量有限的问题,研究了多阶段武器目标分配问题,以最小化武器成本为优化目标,建立了混合整数非线性规划模型。设计了一种集成匈牙利和模拟退火的混合智能搜索算法,首先根据待攻击目标的时空状态与毁伤特性确定打击阶段、标记可松弛性。在模拟退火的框架下,基于目标的松弛性调整攻击阶段,再通过匈牙利算法计算每个阶段武器和目标的精确匹配方案。通过启发式算法和精确求解技术的结合,在保证求解质量的前提下,极大减少了计算时间。通过计算实验,与变邻域搜索算法进行了对比分析,验证了该算法在求解多阶段武器目标分配问题的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提算法在计算时间和求解效果上优于变邻域搜索算法。

基于粒子群优化的多导弹动态武器目标分配算法

针对复杂多变的未来战场环境,对空防御系统需要实现对多个目标进行武器分配。由于传统静态武器目标分配(Static weapon target assignment,SWTA)模型受到很多因素的限制,无法适应战场态势的快速变化。为了解决多导弹的动态武器目标分配(Dynamic weapon target assignment,DWTA)问题,将对空防御过程离散为多个阶段,并根据战场实时态势数据构建了DWTA的数学模型,提出了一种改进的粒子群优化算法,引入了武器转火时间窗等约束条件,在算法中考虑拦截概率和导弹耗费等多个指标。最后通过大量仿真实验,验证了粒子群算法进行多导弹目标分配的合理性和有效性。

基于多目标模糊规划的海上要地防空动态火力分配

海上要地防空武器火力分配(weapon target assignment,WTA)是防空反导作战的关键环节,属于典型的组合优化问题。针对海上要地防空反导战场态势的不确定性、复杂性和动态性问题,提出了一种基于非支配排序的多目标量子遗传算法的模糊动态WTA(dynamic WTA,DWTA)方法。首先,在确定条件下,建立了以防御效率和作战资源损耗为目标的多目标DWTA模型;然后,根据战场态势的不确定性构建了多目标模糊DWTA模型,利用期望值法将模糊问题等价刻画为确定性问题,并基于非线性问题特征提出了线性化方法;最后,利用所提算法对该问题进行求解。仿真结果表明,所提算法具有较好的收敛效果。

Evolutionary decision-makings for the dynamic weapon-target assignment problem

The dynamic weapon-target assignment （DWTA） problem is an important issue in the field of military command and control. An asset-based DWTA optimization model was proposed with four kinds of constraints considered, including capability constraints, strategy constraints, resource constraints and engagement feasibility constraints. A general ＂virtual＂ representation of decisions was presented to facilitate the generation of feasible decisions. The representation is in essence the permutation of all assignment pairs. A construction procedure converts the permutations into real feasible decisions. In order to solve this problem, three evolutionary decision-making algorithms, including a genetic algorithm and two memetic algorithms, were developed. Experimental results show that the memetic algorithm based on greedy local search can generate obviously better DWTA decisions, especially for large-scale problems, than the genetic algorithm and the memetic algorithm based on steepest local search.

Weapon-target assignment in unreliable peer-to-peer architecture based on adapted artificial bee colony algorithm

It is of great significance for headquarters in warfare to address the weapon-target assignment(WTA)problem with distributed computing nodes to attack targets simultaneously from different weapon units.However,the computing nodes on the battlefield are vulnerable to be attacked and the communication environment is usually unreliable.To solve the WTA problems in unreliable environments,this paper proposes a scheme based on decentralized peer-to-peer architecture and adapted artificial bee colony(ABC)optimization algorithm.In the decentralized architecture,the peer computing node is distributed to each weapon units and the packet loss rate is used to simulate the unreliable communication environment.The decisions made in each peer node will be merged into the decision set to carry out the optimal decision in the decentralized system by adapted ABC algorithm.The experimental results demonstrate that the decentralized peer-to-peer architecture perform an extraordinary role in the unreliable communication environment.The proposed scheme preforms outstanding results of enemy residual value(ERV)with the packet loss rate in the range from 0 to 0.9.

自适应作战场景的反导系统火力分配策略

针对复杂多变战场环境下的反导系统火力分配问题,提出了一种自适应作战场景的火力分配方法。首先,建立了基于层次分析法的来袭导弹目标威胁度评估模型;然后,建立了5种拦截准则下的火力分配模型,构造了拦截准则自主选取函数,设计了3种典型的火力分配优化算法,给出了自适应场景的优化算法选取规则;最后,通过不同战场态势下的火力分配仿真,验证了该方法的自适应场景能力及火力分配高效性,可为最大化复杂场景下反导系统的拦截收益提供重要参考。

基于模糊多目标规划的防空反导火力分配

针对现有多目标火力分配(weapon target assignment,WTA)方法很难适用于不确定情况下防空反导作战的问题,提出了基于模糊多目标规划的防空反导WTA方法。首先,采用三角模糊数刻画不确定的目标威胁度,在考虑防空反导作战特点的基础上,基于模糊多目标规划建立了WTA模型;然后,根据必要性测度原理将含有模糊参数的目标函数进行了等价清晰化;接着,提出了具有单/双势阱的多目标量子行为粒子群算法用于求解WTA模型,该算法采用了单/双势阱位置更新方式、粒子混合随机变异方法、领导粒子两阶段选取方法;最后,通过实例仿真验证了模型的合理性和算法的有效性。