Enhanced wear resistance,antibacterial performance,and biocompatibility using nanotubes containing nano-Ag and bioceramics in vitro

A good Ti-based joint implant should prevent stress shielding and achieve good bioactivity and anti-infection performance.To meet these requirements,the low-elastic-modulus alloy—Ti–35Nb–2Ta–3Zr—was used as the substrate,and functional coatings that contained bioceramics and Ag ions were prepared for coating on TiO_(2)nanotubes(diameter:(80±20)nm and(150±40)nm)using anodization,deposition,and spin-coating methods.The effects of the bioceramics(nano-β-tricalcium phosphate,microhydroxyapatite(micro-HA),and meso-CaSiO_(3))and Ag nanoparticles(size:(50±20)nm)on the antibacterial activity and the tribocorrosion,corrosion,and early in vitro osteogenic behaviors of the nanotubes were investigated.The tribocorrosion and corrosion results showed that the wear rate and corrosive rate were highly dependent on the features of the nanotube surface.Micro-HA showed great wear resistance with a wear rate of(1.26±0.06)×10^(−3)mm^(3)/(N·m)due to adhesive and abrasivewear.Meso-CaSiO_(3)showed enhanced cell adhesion,proliferation,and alkaline phosphatase activity.The coatings that contained nano-Ag exhibited good antibacterial activity with an antibacterial rate of≥89.5%against Escherichia coli.These findings indicate that hybrid coatings may have the potential to accelerate osteogenesis.

Ultra wear resistant TiC-Fe coating prepared by high efficient and economic plasma cladding method

The key components of engineering machinery frequently failed due to working in the high load and high wear operating envir-onment.And the performance of the Fe-based alloy coatings typically employed need to be improved for fulfilling the service requirements.Herein,a TiC strengthened Fe-based alloy cladding layer,named TiC-Fe coating,was designed and prepared by plasma cladding technology.The frictional wear performance of coating under various loads was tested.The wear morphology of the coating was observed,and its wear mechanism was examined.The results indicated that the TiC-Fe coating was well formed and metallurgically bonded to the Q345C substrate.Its microstructure mainly consisted of Fe-Cr solid solution,α-Fe phase,(Fe,Cr)_(7)C_(3) phase and TiC phase.The coating exhibited an average microhardness of 980 HV0.2,which was about 5.4 times that of the Q345C substrate.The wear mass loss of the TiC-Fe coatings was much smaller than that of the Q345C substrate,which indicated that the wear resistance of the Q345C coating was superior to the substrate,and the wear mechanism of the coating was mainly attributed to the abrasive wear.

Greatly enhanced corrosion/wear resistances of epoxy coating for Mg alloy through a synergistic effect between functionalized graphene and insulated blocking layer

The poor corrosion and wear resistances of Mg alloys seriously limit their potential applications in various industries.The conventional epoxy coating easily forms many intrinsic defects during the solidification process,which cannot provide sufficient protection.In the current study,we design a double-layer epoxy composite coating on Mg alloy with enhanced anti-corrosion/wear properties,via the spin-assisted assembly technique.The outer layer is functionalized graphene(FG)in waterborne epoxy resin(WEP)and the inner layer is Ce-based conversion(Ce)film.The FG sheets can be homogeneously dispersed within the epoxy matrix to fill the intrinsic defects and improve the barrier capability.The Ce film connects the outer layer with the substrate,showing the transition effect.The corrosion rate of Ce/WEP/FG composite coating is 2131 times lower than that of bare Mg alloy,and the wear rate is decreased by~90%.The improved corrosion resistance is attributed to the labyrinth effect(hindering the penetration of corrosive medium)and the obstruction of galvanic coupling behavior.The synergistic effect derived from the FG sheet and blocking layer exhibits great potential in realizing the improvement of multi-functional integration,which will open up a new avenue for the development of novel composite protection coatings of Mg alloys.

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-containing low alloy martensitic wear-resistant steel

Effects of quenching temperature and cooling conditions(water cooling and 10%NaCl cooling)on microstructure and mechanical properties of a 0.2%Ti low alloy martensitic wear-resistant steel used for die casting ejector plate were investigated.The results show that lath martensite can be obtained after austenitizing in the range of 860-980℃and then water cooling.With an increase in austenitizing temperature,the precipitate content gradually decreases.The precipitates are mainly composed of TiC and Ti4C2S2,and their total content is between 1.15wt.%and 1.64wt.%.The precipitate phase concentration by water-cooling is higher than that by10%NaCl cooling due to the lower cooling rate of water cooling.As the austeniting temperature increases,the hardness and tensile strength of both water cooled and 10%NaCl cooled steels firstly increase and then decrease.The experimental steel exhibits the best comprehensive mechanical properties after being austenitized at 900℃,cooled by 10%NaCl,and then tempered at 200℃.Its hardness,ultimate tensile strength,and wear rate reach551.4 HBW,1,438.2 MPa,and 0.48×10^(-2)mg·m^(-1),respectively.

A super wear-resistant coating for Mg alloys achieved by plasma electrolytic oxidation and discontinuous deposition

Magnesium alloys are lightweight materials with great potential,and plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)is effective surface treatment for necessary improvement of corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.However,the∼14µm thick and rough PEO protection layer has inferior wear resistance,which limits magnesium alloys as sliding or reciprocating parts,where magnesium alloys have special advantages by their inherent damping and denoising properties and attractive light-weighting.Here a novel super wear-resistant coating for magnesium alloys was achieved,via the discontinuous sealing(DCS)of a 1.3µm thick polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)polymer layer with an initial area fraction(A_(f))of 70%on the necessary PEO protection layer by selective spraying,and the wear resistance was exceptionally enhanced by∼5500 times in comparison with the base PEO coating.The initial surface roughness(Sa)under PEO+DCS(1.54µm)was imperfectly 59%higher than that under PEO and conventional continuous sealing(CS).Interestingly,DCS was surprisingly 20 times superior for enhancing wear resistance in contrast to CS.DCS induced nano-cracks that splitted DCS layer into multilayer nano-blocks,and DCS also provided extra space for the movement of nano-blocks,which resulted in rolling friction and nano lubrication.Further,DCS promoted mixed wear of the PTFE polymer layer and the PEO coating,and the PTFE layer(HV:6 Kg·mm^(−2),A_(f):92.2%)and the PEO coating(HV:310 Kg·mm^(−2),A_(f):7.8%)served as the soft matrix and the hard point,respectively.Moreover,the dynamic decrease of Sa by 29%during wear also contributed to the super wear resistance.The strategy of depositing a low-frictional discontinuous layer on a rough and hard layer or matrix also opens a window for achieving super wear-resistant coatings in other materials.

Ghrelin regulates insulin resistance by targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor via miR-455-5p in hepatic cells

Objective: To explore the mechanism by which ghrelin regulates insulin sensitivity through modulation of miR-455-5p in hepatic cells. Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with or without DAG (1 μM). Glucose consumption, intracellular glycogen content, phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt stimulated by insulin, expression of miR-455-5p, as well as IGF-1R protein level were analyzed. In addition, bioinformatic analysis, dual luciferase reporter assay, miR- 455-5p mimic or inhibitor treatment was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Results: High glucose treatment upregulated miR-455-5p expression but reduced glucose consumption and glycogen content. DAG reversed the effect of high glucose on glucose metabolism, increased protein level of IGF-1R and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt stimulated by insulin, as well as downregulated miR-455-5p expression. Bioinformatic analysis indicated IGF-1R was the target of miR-455-5p. Dual luciferase reporter assay, as well as transfection with miR-455-5p mimic/inhibitor confirmed that DAG activated IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt signaling via inhibiting miR-455-5p. Conclusion: DAG improves insulin resistance via miR-455-5p- mediated activation of IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt system, suggesting that suppression of miR-455-5p or activation of DAG may be potential targets for T2DM therapy.

DIFFUSION COUPLE BETWEEN HIGHSTRENGTH WEAR-RESISTING ALUMINUM BRONZE AND MACHINING TOOLS MATERIALS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｂｒｏｎｚｅｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ．Ｉｔｓｅｘｃｅｌｅｎｔｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ，ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌ，ａｎｔｉｃｏｒｏｓｉｏｎａｎｄｗｅａｒｒｅｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｐｒｏｐ...

MICROSTRUCTURES OF A NOVEL HIGH STRENGTH AND WEAR-RESISTING ZINC ALLOY

ＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＳＯＦＡＮＯＶＥＬＨＩＧＨＳＴＲＥＮＧＴＨＡＮＤＷＥＡＲ－ＲＥＳＩＳＴＩＮＧＺＩＮＣＡＬＬＯＹＬｉＹｕａｎｙｕａｎ；ＸｉａＷｅｉ；ＮｇａｉＴｕｎｇｗａｉＬｅｏ；ＬｕｏＪｕｎｍｉｎｇ；ＺｈｅｎｇＬｉｎｇｙｉ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅ...

Tool wear mechanism in turning of novel wear-resisting aluminum bronze

Tool wear and wear mechanism during the turning of a wear-resisting aluminum bronze have been studied. Tool wear samples were prepared by using M2 high-speed steel and YW1 cemented carbide tools to turn a novel high strength, wear resisting aluminum bronze without coolant and lubricant. Adhesion of workpiece materials was found on tool’s surface. Under the turning condition used in this study major wear mechanisms for turning aluminum bronze using M2 high-speed steel tool are diffusion wear, adhesive wear and plastic deformation and shear on the crater. Partial melting of high-speed steel on the rake plays a role in the tool wear also. Major wear mechanisms for turning aluminum bronze using YW1 cemented carbide tool are diffusion wear, attrition wear and sliding wear. To control the machining temperature is essential to reduce tool wear.

Reactive HVOF sprayed TiN-matrix composite coating and its corrosion and wear resistance properties

TiN-matrix composite coating was prepared on 45# steel by reactive high-velocity oxy-fuel （HVOF） spraying. Its microstructure, phase composition, micro-hardness, corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaC1 solution and wear resistance were analyzed. The results suggest that the TiN-matrix composite coating is well bonded with the substrate. The micro-hardness measured decreases with the increase of applied test loads. And the micro-hardness of the coating under heavy loads is relatively high. The TiN-matrix composite coating exhibits an excellent corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaC1 solution. The corrosion potential of coating is positive and the passivation zone is broad, which indicates that the TiN-matrix composite coating is stable in the electrolyte and provides excellent protection to the substrate. The wear coefficient of the coating under all loads maintains at 0.49-0.50. The wear mechanism of the coating is revealed to be three-body abrasive wear. Yet the failure forms of TiN-matrix composite coating under different loads have an obvious difference. The failure form of coating under light loads is particle spallation due to the stress concentration while that of coating under heavy loads is crackin~ between inter-lamellae.

Microstructure,mechanical properties and dry wear resistance of β-type Ti-15Mo-xNb alloys for biomedical applications

In order to study the effect of element Nb on the microstructure and properties of the biomedical β-type Ti-Mo based alloys,Ti-15Mo-xNb（x=5,10,15 and 20 in %） alloys were investigated.The dry wear resistance of β-type Ti-15Mo-xNb alloys against Gr15 ball was investigated on CJS111A ball-disk wear instrument.Experimental results indicate that crystal structure and morphology of the Ti-15Mo-xNb alloys are sensitive to their Nb contents.Ti-15Mo-xNb alloys match those for β phase peaks and no any phases are found.The Vickers hardness values of all the Ti-15Mo-xNb alloys are higher than HV200.The compression yield strength of the Ti-15Mo-5Nb alloy is the lowest and that of the Ti-15Mo-10Nb alloy is the highest.For all the Ti-15Mo-xNb alloys,the friction coefficient is not constant but takes a higher value.In dry condition,SEM study reveals deep parallel scars on the wear surfaces of all the Ti-15Mo-xNb alloys under different loads.The friction coefficient of the Ti-15Mo-5Nb alloy under 1 N is the lowest.The wear principal mechanism for Ti-15Mo-xNb alloys is adhesive wear.

Effects of slurry pack cementation temperature on microstructure and wear resistance of Ti-Al co-deposited coating on copper plated nickel layer

In order to improve the wear resistance properties of copper substrate, a layer of electroplated nickel was firstly deposited on copper substrate, subsequently these electroplated specimens were treated by slurry pack cementation process with a slurry pack cementation mixture composed of TiO2 as titanizing source, pure Al powder as aluminzing source and also a reducer for titanizing, an activator of NH4Cl and albumen （egg white） as cohesive agent. The Ti-Al coating was fabricated on the surface of electro-deposited nickel layer on copper matrix followed by the slurry pack cementation process. The effects of slurry pack cementation temperature on the microstructures and wear resistance of Ti-Al coating were studied. The results show that the microstructure of the coating changed from NiAl＋Ni3（Ti,Al） to NiAl ＋Ni3（Ti,Al）＋Ni4Ti3 to Ni4Ti3＋NiAl, and to NiAl＋Ni3（Ti,Al）＋NiTi with slurry pack cementation temperature ranging from 800 ℃ to 950 ℃ in 12 h. The friction coefficient of Ti-Al coating decreased and the hardness increased with increasing the slurry pack cementation temperature. The minimum friction coefficient was 1/3 and the minimum hardness was 5 times larger than that of pure copper.

HARDNESS PROPERTY AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF Al_2O_(3P)/ Zn-Al COMPOSITE

The hardness values and the wear resistance of Al2O3P/ Zn-Al composite, prepared by means of rheological casting technology,are investigated separately in this work. The results show that the addition of Al2O3P increases the hardness values of the matrix at both room and high temperature and improves the wear resistance of the material.The hardness values and the wear resistance of the composite rise with the increase of the particle volume fraction or the decrease of the particle size.The raising of test temperature results in a rapid descending of its hardness values.However, the addition of Al2O3P improves the property of high temperature resistance of Zn-Al alloys significantly.Moreover,the effect of quenching, tempering or cycling heat treatment on the hardness values of the composite is also studied.

单脉冲电沉积Ni-纳米TiC-氧化石墨烯复合镀层结构及磨损性能

本研究利用单脉冲电沉积技术在Q235钢表面制备了一种新型的Ni基减摩耐磨三元复合镀层,首先通过研究氧化石墨烯(GO)浓度对Ni-纳米TiC基复合镀层形貌、镀速及硬度的影响确定了最佳的GO添加量,然后利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等设备对三元复合镀层的结构进行了表征。最后与Ni-纳米TiC复合镀层等进行了对比,研究了三元复合镀层的硬度及耐磨损性能。结果表明:镀液中GO的最佳质量浓度为200 mg/L。此时,Ni-纳米TiC-GO复合镀层的表面均匀致密,粗糙度值Ra=3.087μm。XRD和拉曼光谱等分析结果表明纳米TiC和GO成功复合到Ni基镀层之中。Ni-纳米TiC-GO复合镀层的硬度为726.3HV,约是Ni-纳米TiC复合镀层(463.8HV)的1.5倍。Ni-纳米TiC-GO复合镀层的平均摩擦系数为0.108,相比于Ni-纳米TiC复合镀层(0.285),其具备更好的减摩耐磨性能。

热处理对GNP-Al复合材料显微组织和性能的影响

本文以石墨烯为增强相,采用高能超声辅助铸造法及后续热处理制备了铝基复合材料,并研究石墨烯和热处理对复合材料显微组织、力学性能和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,石墨烯促进了复合材料晶粒细化,且热处理后Si相进一步细化及圆整。经热处理后复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度(245和319MPa)比基体(119和202MPa)分别提高了105.9%、57.9%。磨损试验结果表明,添加石墨烯和T6热处理后复合材料的磨损率最低,磨损机制由剥层磨损转变为磨粒磨损。

Mo添加对WC-Ni硬质合金微结构及性能的影响

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和性能检测等方法研究了不同Mo添加量对WC-Ni-Mo硬质合金的WC粒度、硬度、摩擦磨损和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在研究的成分范围内(w(Mo)=1.5%~2.0%),WC的平均晶粒尺寸基本不随Mo添加量的变化而变化;随Mo添加量的增加,WC-Ni-Mo硬质合金的硬度略微有所下降,而摩擦磨损性能得到提升。Mo质量分数为2%的WC-Ni-Mo硬质合金在酸性溶液中的耐腐蚀能力要高于Mo质量分数为1.5%的合金,并且具有更好的电化学稳定性。总体来看,WC-8.0%Ni-2.0%Mo合金的综合性能优于WC-8.5%Ni-1.5%Mo硬质合金。

电流密度对发动机轴瓦喷射电沉积镍-纳米氧化铝复合镀层的影响

[目的]研究电流密度对发动机轴瓦表面喷射电沉积Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)复合镀层结构、耐磨性及耐蚀性的影响。[方法]通过表面形貌观察、X射线衍射分析、显微硬度检测、摩擦磨损试验及中性盐雾试验,对比了不同电流密度下所得Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)复合镀层的性能。[结果]当电流密度为60 A/dm^(2)时,所得Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)复合镀层展现出最均匀致密的表面,晶粒尺寸最细小,显微硬度最高(约735.0 HV),同时具有最佳的耐磨性和耐蚀性。[结论]喷射电沉积Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)复合镀层能够显著提升发动机轴瓦的耐磨性和耐蚀性。

超声功率对连杆轴瓦Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层耐磨性能的影响

用超声-喷射电沉积方法研究了超声波功率对连杆轴瓦表面Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层耐磨性的影响。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨率电子显微镜(TEM)对Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层的表面形貌、物相组成、组织结构进行分析,用摩擦磨损试验机及纳米显微硬度计对镀层的显微硬度及耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明:超声波功率通过空化效应及微射流作用搅拌镀液,可使Al_(2)O_(3)纳米粒子更好的悬浮在镀液中,从而影响镀层耐磨性。当超声波功率为200 W时,Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层中Ni峰低且宽,镀层晶粒细小,结构致密,显微硬度达到639.2HV,摩擦因数和磨损质量损失分别为0.53和0.27 mg。涂覆Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层的连杆轴瓦磨损量仅为0.31 mg,耐磨性高于未涂覆Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层的连杆轴瓦。

Wear resistance performance of high entropy alloy–ceramic coating composites synthesized via a novel combined process

Titanium nitride(TiN), characterized by its high hardness and strength, was widely used as ceramic coating to improve the wear resistance of matrix materials. In this work, AlCrFeNiTi_(x) high-entropy alloy(HEA) powders were synthesized by direct electrochemical reduction in molten salt from the mixed metal oxides. Then,TiN ceramic coating on the AlCrFeNiTi_x bulk HEA containing the topologically close-packed(TCP) phase(σphase, Laves phase, and Ti_(3)Al phase) was prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering, where nitride element come from boron nitride parting agent sprayed on the graphite mold. The effect of titanium content on the crystal structure, microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, field emission electron-probe microanalysis,Vickers hardness tester, and friction–abrasion testing machine. The bulk HEAs exhibit excellent hardness and its hardness increases significantly with the increase of titanium content. The wear mechanism changes from both of predominantly delamination and accompanied oxidative wear to single delamination wear,which is due to ultra-high melting point and high hot hardness of TiN, that can effectively prevent the oxidation and deformation of the worn surface. Formation of the ceramic coatings containing the TiN second phase and TCP phase are the key factor to AlCrFeNiTi_x alloy with the excellent hardness and wear properties.

钢背及合金层厚度对ZChSnSb11-6巴氏合金耐磨性的影响

利用MFT-500多功能摩擦机对ZSnSb11Cu6(11-6)巴氏合金及采用离心铸造方法在40Cr钢钢背上浇铸的厚度为2.0、2.5 mm的ZChSnSb11-6巴氏合金层进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究了钢背及合金层厚度对巴氏合金耐磨性的影响。结果表明:与无钢背巴氏合金相比,有钢背2.5 mm厚巴氏合金的耐磨性提高了26.6%,而2.0 mm厚巴氏合金的耐磨性下降了12.8%。有钢背2.0 mm厚巴氏合金的硬度较高,磨痕和犁沟较浅,但其残余拉应力最大,麻点数量最多、剥落程度最大,耐磨性最差;而2.5 mm厚巴氏合金的麻点数量最少、剥落程度最小,磨痕和犁沟也较浅,耐磨性最好;相较于2.5 mm厚巴氏合金,无钢背巴氏合金的残余拉应力较小,但其硬度最低,磨痕和犁沟最深,麻点数量更多、剥落更严重,耐磨性较差。