Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-containing low alloy martensitic wear-resistant steel

Effects of quenching temperature and cooling conditions(water cooling and 10%NaCl cooling)on microstructure and mechanical properties of a 0.2%Ti low alloy martensitic wear-resistant steel used for die casting ejector plate were investigated.The results show that lath martensite can be obtained after austenitizing in the range of 860-980℃and then water cooling.With an increase in austenitizing temperature,the precipitate content gradually decreases.The precipitates are mainly composed of TiC and Ti4C2S2,and their total content is between 1.15wt.%and 1.64wt.%.The precipitate phase concentration by water-cooling is higher than that by10%NaCl cooling due to the lower cooling rate of water cooling.As the austeniting temperature increases,the hardness and tensile strength of both water cooled and 10%NaCl cooled steels firstly increase and then decrease.The experimental steel exhibits the best comprehensive mechanical properties after being austenitized at 900℃,cooled by 10%NaCl,and then tempered at 200℃.Its hardness,ultimate tensile strength,and wear rate reach551.4 HBW,1,438.2 MPa,and 0.48×10^(-2)mg·m^(-1),respectively.

Microstructures and wear-resistant properties of in-situ TiC_p/ZA-12 composites

TiC_p/ZA-12 composites were fabricated by exothermic disposition method process and stirring-casting techniques. The microstructure and wear-resistant properties were investigated . The results show that TiC particles are formed in-situ and distributed uniformly in matrix. No particles aggregation and macro or micro precipitation are observed. The wear-resistant properties of composites increase with the increase of TiC_p content, but will not increase when the TiC_p content reaches constant value. Finally, the friction and wear mechanism were also discussed.

Effects of air-atomized water spray cooling device structure on the quenching process,microstructure,and properties of wear-resistant steel

With its high strength and hardness, wear-resistant steel has become an important material in the field of construction machinery manufacturing.Given that quenching technology is a crucial component of wear-resistant steel production, the selection of the cooling method to be used during this process is important.In this study, the feasibility of quenching wear-resistant steel by air-atomized water spray cooling was studied, and the cooling rate, microstructure, and hardness of wear-resistant steel under various cooling device structures were analyzed.The results reveal that the air-atomized water spray cooling method is an effective technique in quenching wear-resistant steel.Furthermore, martensite and uniform hardness were obtained by the air-atomized water spray cooling technique.As the space between the nozzles in each row in the device increased, the cooling rate was reduced during quenching.Meanwhile, the martensite content decreased, and more carbides were observed in the martensitic structure.A mixture comprising self-tempered martensite and bainite was formed at a large distance over a longer period of time.All these factors resulted in lower hardness and worse property uniformity.

Numerical simulation of temperature field in laser-arc hybrid welding of wear-resistant steel

Using ABAQUS software and cylindrical ellipsoid and body heat sources with a peak-heat-flux- attenuation function, a finite element model of the temperature field in the laser-arc hybrid welding of 4.5-mm BW300TP wear-resistant steel is proposed. The proposed model considers convection, radiation, molten pool flow, and heat conduction effect on temperature. A comparison of the simulation and actual welding test results confirms the reliability of the model. This welding heat-process model can provide the cooling rate at any position in the heat affected zone （HAZ） and can be used as a reference for the analysis of material properties and for process optimization.

Hot cracking susceptibility research in BTW1 austenitic high-manganese wear-resistant steel

Baosteel’s first BTW1 austenitic high-manganese wear-resistant steel exhibits strong deformation-induced hardening characteristics.Compared with common low-alloy martensitic wear-resistant steels in the market, it has improved impact wear resistance, hard abrasive wear, erosion wear performance, and impact toughness.The metallurgical properties of such austenitic wear-resistant steel lead to the risk of failure because of hot cracking defects in the welded structure.In wear-resistant applications, evaluating hot cracking susceptibility is necessary to avoid the effect of welding defects.In this study, the Varestraint test is used to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the hot cracking susceptibility of BTW1 austenitic high-manganese wear-resistant steel.The test results show that by controlling the content of impurity elements and grain refinement, BTW1 austenitic high-manganese wear-resistant steel effectively reduces hot cracking tendency and has a low incidence of hot cracking under small strain conditions.The developed matching welding process can effectively avoid the influence of hot cracking susceptibility.

Developing Maanshan Kuangyou Wear-resistant Materials Group Company

Maanshan KuangyouGroup company is a special largeenterprise making wear-resistantmaterials products,integratingscience,industry and trade.Mainproducts are chromium-contentwear-resistant materials and ship-use anchor chains."Kuangyou"Brand balls have been awardedprizes of Quality Products by theprovince and ministry,and prizeof Scientific Progress by theprovince,and are widely appliedin mining,cement,power andchemicals industries.Ship-useanchor chains have an

Inhibition mechanism of air nanobubbles on brass corrosion in circulating cooling water systems

Air nanobubbles(A-NBs)were used to inhibit the brass corrosion in circulating cooling water for the first time in the study.The results of mass loss method and electrochemical method showed that A-NBs had the obvious corrosion inhibition effect.The inhibition rate reached 52%at 35℃.The impedance and surface characterization results of corrosion samples indicated that the corrosion inhibition mechanisms of A-NBs mainly included adsorption of corrosion ions,promoting the formation of the passivation film on metal surface and the formation of the bubble layer and scale film on metal surface.A-NBs are potential excellent corrosion inhibitors.

黄铜集流体在无负极锂金属电池中的应用研究

虽然无负极锂金属电池(AF-LMBs)具有能量密度高、结构简单等优势,但是金属锂在负极集流体界面不可逆的沉积/剥离过程以及与电解液之间的副反应会大量消耗电池中有限的活性锂,导致电池容量迅速衰减。开发高性能的负极集流体是提升AF-LMBs循环寿命的有效策略之一。因此,本文研究了商业黄铜箔(F-Cu-Zn)作为负极集流体在AF-LMBs中的电化学性能,并且结合多种表征技术揭示了F-Cu-Zn电极在循环过程中的结构演变。结果表明:与商业铜箔(F-Cu)相比,F-Cu-Zn含有丰富的亲锂位点,诱导金属锂均匀成核与生长,所组装的Cu-Zn||NCM712软包全电池的室温循环寿命从75次增加至117次。此外,F-Cu-Zn电极中的Zn元素会在循环过程中不断溶解,最终在电极表层形成三维多孔结构。

Sensitivity of springback and section deformation to process parameters in rotary draw bending of thin-walled rectangular H96 brass tube

In order to study the effects of the process parameters on springback and section deformation, a sensitivity analysis model was established based on the combination use of the multi-parameter sensitivity analysis method and the springback/section deformation prediction finite element model, and by using this model the sensitivities of the springback and the section deformation to process parameters were analyzed and compared. The results show that the most sensitive process conditions for springback angle are the boost speed and the pressure of pressure die, and the most sensitive process condition for section deformation is the number of cores. When the clamp force, the boost speed and the pressure of pressure die are utilized to control section deformation, the effect of these process parameters on springback should be considered. When the process parameters are mainly used to control springback, the effect of these process parameters on the section deformation should be always considered.

Preparation of lead-free free-cutting graphite brasses by graphitization of cementite

Graphite brasses were prepared by graphitizing annealing of cast brasses containing cementite particles,which were in-situ formed during the fasting process.The eutectic cast iron as carbon source was added into common brasses by casting.SEM and EDS were used to analyze the microstructure of graphite brasses,and the relationship between the microstructure and machinability was investigated.The results show that graphite particles are formed by the decomposition of cementite particles in cast brasses.The graphite particles are uniformly dispersed in the brass matrix with the average size of 5.0 μm and the volume fraction of ~1.1%.The machinability in the graphite brass is dramatically increased relative to the common brass,because of the lubricating properties of graphite particles and its role in chip breaking.The workpiece surface of the graphite brasses chips is smooth and burr-free,and the chips of graphite brasses are short（C-shape） and discontinuous,which is much better than that of the long spiral chips of common brasses.

采用二氧化氯消毒水时添加咪唑基离子液体对黄铜缓蚀作用的研究

[目的]采用二氧化氯(ClO_(2))对水进行消毒时常常面临黄铜件腐蚀问题,寻找适宜的缓蚀剂具有重要意义。[方法]通过静态挂片试验、动电位极化曲线测试、腐蚀形貌观察及产物成分分析,研究了在ClO_(2)溶液中添加1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑乙酸盐(BMIMAc)或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐(BMIMBr)对H62黄铜的缓蚀效果,并通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算及分子动力学(MD)模拟探讨了两种咪唑基离子液体对黄铜的缓蚀机理。[结果]在ClO_(2)溶液中添加BMIMAc或BMIMBr都能够在一定程度上抑制黄铜的腐蚀,并且缓蚀效率随着BMIMAc或BMIMBr浓度的增大而升高,BMIMAc的缓蚀效果优于BMIMBr。BMIMAc和BMIMBr都属于抑制阴极反应的阴极缓蚀剂,二者在黄铜表面的吸附都遵循Langmuir等温模型。BMIMAc和BMIMBr都能够以平行排列的方式吸附在黄铜表面,生成阻止黄铜与腐蚀溶液接触的吸附膜,从而减缓腐蚀。[结论]在采用ClO_(2)消毒水的过程中添加适量BMIMAc或BMIMBr都能够对黄铜起到有效的缓蚀作用。

薄壁H65黄铜管高频感应焊接接头组织和力学性能

对薄壁H65黄铜高频感应焊接后的焊接接头微观组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,利用高频感应焊接技术焊接H65黄铜管,获得了表面成型良好的焊接接头,实现了高质量焊接。焊接接头熔合区和热影响区均呈上下宽,中间窄的腰鼓状,焊接接头宽度约为173μm,其中熔合区宽约15μm,由大量细小的等轴状晶粒和少量条状晶粒组成,熔合区和热影响区的晶粒较母材得到细化。焊接接头抗拉强度为400 MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的97.6%,这是由于在拉伸变形过程中,晶粒的细化阻碍位错变形,且各晶粒间的位向差使位错相互交割,提高了焊接接头的强度,焊接接头断裂发生在热影响区,为韧性断裂,这是焊接过程中挤压辊的加工硬化与焊后退火软化共同作用影响热影响区力学性能所致。焊接接头显微硬度呈现“ʌ”形分布,熔合区平均硬度值为145HV,热影响区137HV,母材129HV,熔合区硬度较母材提高了16%,焊接时产生的加工硬化使熔合区强度得到提升。

铜及黄铜与模具钢界面稳态接触换热行为的研究

接触换热系数直接决定金属热加工过程的温度分布,进而影响零件的微观组织及使役性能。本文采用自主开发的稳态接触换热设备和测量系统,系统研究了纯铜及H62黄铜与H13模具钢在接触面温度为200~600℃、压力为1.56~12.56 MPa下的接触换热行为。结果表明,载荷加载的历程对接触换热系数有较大影响,相比于从低载荷加载到目标压力时,从高载荷卸载到同一目标压力测得的接触换热系数更高;在相同加载历程下,接触换热系数随着界面温差的升高而增加,且界面温度高于400℃时接触换热系数增速变快;接触换热系数与压力呈幂指数关系增长,随着压力的增大,接触换热系数增长逐渐变得缓慢;在相同条件下,黄铜/H13传热时的温度梯度更大,导致黄铜/H13的接触换热系数更大。

超薄壁黄铜散热器扁管高频感应焊接接头的组织和性能

采用高频感应焊接技术对0.13 mm壁厚的H65黄铜扁管进行焊接,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针、电子背散射衍射、显微硬度仪以及拉伸实验对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:高频感应焊接H65黄铜扁管的焊接接头无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,焊缝区没有出现Zn的大量蒸发。焊接接头的抗拉强度达到400 MPa,达到母材的94%,伸长率为33.89%,与母材接近;焊接接头的显微硬度呈W型分布,熔合区最高,母材区次之,热影响区最小。焊接过程的挤压作用导致焊缝位错密度增加,产生加工硬化,是影响焊接接头硬度分布的主要原因;与母材相比,焊接接头的显微组织得到明显的细化,平均晶粒尺寸为1μm,是母材的50%,小角度晶界增加到了72%,大角度晶界下降到了28%,其中孪晶界下降到2%,进一步提高了焊接接头的力学性能。

熔体过热和脉冲磁场协同处理对Mn_(5)Si_(3)增强Cu-35Zn-3Al合金显微组织、力学和耐磨性能的影响

研究熔体过热和脉冲磁场协同处理对Mn_(5)Si_(3)增强Cu-35Zn-3Al合金显微组织、力学和耐磨性能的影响。研究结果表明,协同处理促进了熔体中的溶质迁移以及Mn_(5)Si_(3)晶体生长的吸附动力学,抑制了六棱柱形貌Mn_(5)Si_(3)颗粒上孔洞的形成。协同处理后热锻态合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了9.0%和66.5%,这是由于拉伸变形过程中不含孔洞的Mn_(5)Si_(3)颗粒断裂强度提高,产生的应力集中减小,因此失效方式由脆性解理断裂转变为从基体中拔出,颗粒和基体间的载荷传递作用增强。在承受摩擦时,协同处理后合金的磨损亚表层中Mn_(5)Si_(3)颗粒不易发生剪切断裂,抑制了裂纹扩展和材料剥落,因而产生的剥层磨损减小,合金耐磨性显著提高。

渗碳体石墨化制备无铅石墨黄铜的腐蚀性能

以共晶铸铁作为碳源,通过熔铸及渗碳体石墨化工艺制备不同石墨含量的石墨黄铜。对石墨黄铜进行脱锌腐蚀试验,通过SEM和EDS分析了石墨黄铜的腐蚀组织、腐蚀性能和石墨含量的关系,并探讨了石墨黄铜的腐蚀机理。结果表明:随着铸铁添加量的增加,石墨黄铜的耐腐蚀性先提高后降低,铸铁添加量为5%时,石墨黄铜的腐蚀产物会在合金表面形成一层完整氧化膜,腐蚀面基本没有裂纹和孔洞,脱锌层厚度最小,平均为144μm,其耐腐蚀性最好。石墨黄铜的耐腐蚀性能由其组织、成分及石墨颗粒的分布状态共同作用而成。

铜丝结扎法治疗下颌第二恒磨牙异位萌出1例

第二恒磨牙异位萌出若未得到及时治疗,会导致相邻的第一磨牙牙体组织吸收、牙齿早失、咀嚼效率下降及其他严重的错𬌗畸形。及时发现和处理第二恒磨牙异位萌出,对预防青少年错𬌗畸形、建立正常咬合关系具有重要的意义。然而,目前针对下颌第二恒磨牙异位萌出的病例报告比较少见,大多治疗方法主要为手术及正畸的方式,且缺乏长期的随访。本文报道1例采用铜丝结扎法治疗下颌第二恒磨牙异位萌出,使恒牙顺利萌出并建立正常咬合。术后观察5年,咬合稳定,牙根发育、牙髓活力及牙周状况正常。本文为近中倾斜度不大且已经部分萌出的阻生年轻下颌第二恒磨牙提供一种治疗周期短、简便及微创的临床思路。

基于自由定标激光诱导击穿光谱的黄铜定量研究

为了实现黄铜样品中铜、锌元素质量分数的快速定量检测,采用自由定标激光诱导击穿光谱技术(CF-LIBS)对3种黄铜样品开展了相关研究。分别选择铜元素的6条、锌元素的4条特征谱线为分析对象,在单次脉冲和10次脉冲平均光谱采集方式下,对比分析铜和锌元素特征谱线的相对标准偏差(RSD)。结果表明,与单次脉冲相比,10次脉冲平均使铜和锌的光谱RSD平均值分别下降8.8%和12.3%;采用CF-LIBS对3种黄铜样品中铜、锌元素质量分数进行定量计算,铜、锌元素的温度与等离子体温度平均值之间的相对误差分别为5.2%、0.9%和7.1%;3种样品中铜元素质量分数的相对误差分别为5.6%、0.5%和1.6%,锌元素质量分数的相对误差分别为9.2%、2.0%和13.3%。CF-LIBS有望为黄铜元素质量分数的快速及精准检测提供方法支持,为进一步实现研制合金样品元素质量分数便携式检测设备提供数据和技术支持。

细化处理对铸造铋黄铜组织和切削性能的影响

无铅易切削铋黄铜具有环保、力学性能良好、导热良好的特点,是5G光学模块垫片的首选材料。晶粒组织粗大和铋相分布不均匀会导致切削一致性较差,染黑后出现毛刺加深、着色不均等问题。B、Ti、Zr是工业上常用的细化变质剂,可以细化晶粒和组织,从而提高铋黄铜的切削性能。本文采用铋黄铜(成分为58.3%Cu、40.85%Zn、0.07%P、0.7%Bi、0.08%Sn),分别添加0.1%(质量分数)的B、Ti、Zr,采用宏观、微观、SEM对晶粒、组织、铋相粒子进行比较分析。结果表明,添加0.1%(质量分数)的B、Ti、Zr对铸造铋黄铜晶粒尺寸都有较为显著的细化效果。无添加变质剂样品无等轴晶,而0.1%(质量分数)的B、Ti、Zr等轴晶尺寸为1.43、0.95、0.71 mm,故添加Zr的细化效果优于Ti,Ti的细化效果略优于B。同时B、Ti、Zr的添加对于晶内α+β双相组织也有细化效果,Zr的细化效果优于Ti,Ti的细化效果略微优于B。且加入B、Ti、Zr有助于消除薄膜状分布的趋势,改善铋相的分布。其中B的效果优于Ti和Zr。而4种样品切削性能排序为:B>Zr>Ti>无添加变质剂,影响切削性能的因素包括铋相和β相数密度。

HSn70-1锡黄铜冷源辅助搅拌摩擦焊搅拌区的强化机制和应变硬化行为

采用冷源辅助搅拌摩擦焊对2 mm厚的HSn70-1锡黄铜进行对接焊接,并获得了无缺陷的焊接接头.利用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜和拉伸试验,分析搅拌区的微观组织及其对强化机制和应变硬化行为的影响.结果表明,干冰乙醇混合物的快速冷却作用不仅消除了热影响区,还抑制了搅拌区的位错回复和晶粒长大.搅拌区呈现具有较高位错密度的超细晶结构,搅拌区的抗拉强度为486 MPa,比母材提高了53.8%,断后伸长率也达到了30%,搅拌区屈服强度较母材提高了47.1%,其强化机制主要为固溶强化和晶界强化,但搅拌区的应变硬化行为主要受晶粒尺寸和位错密度的影响.由拉伸过程中产生的纳米尺度变形孪晶可协调塑性变形,并有效缓解应力集中,使搅拌区强度提高的同时仍具有良好的延展性.