Scalable fabrication of graphene-assembled multifunctional electrode with efficient electrochemical detection of dopamine and glucose

Conventional glassy carbon electrodes(GCE)cannot meet the requirements of future electrodes for wider use due to low conductivity,high cost,non-portability,lack of flexibility.Therefore,cost-effective and wearable electrode enabling rapid and versatile molecule detection is becoming important,especially with the ever-increasing demand for health monitoring and point-ofcare diagnosis.Graphene is considered as an ideal electrode due to its excellent physicochemical properties.Here,we prepare graphene film with ultra-high conductivity and customize the 3-electrode system via a facile and highly controllable laser engraving approach.Benefiting from the ultra-high conductivity(5.65×10^(5)S·m^(−1)),the 3-electrode system can be used as multifunctional electrode for direct detection of dopamine(DA)and enzyme-based detection of glucose without further metal deposition.The dynamic ranges from 1–200μM to 0.5–8.0 mM were observed for DA and glucose,respectively,with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.6μM and 0.41 mM.Overall,the excellent target detection capability caused by the ultra-high conductivity and ease modification of graphene films,together with their superb mechanical properties and ease of mass-produced,provides clear potential not only for replacing GCE for various electrochemical studies but also for the development of portable and highperformance electrochemical wearable medical devices.

Triboelectric nanogenerators for clinical diagnosis and therapy:A report of recent progress

Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are considered as an ideal platform for power harvesting for living organisms,thanks to their unique characteristics like flexibility,conversion efficient,and manufacturing cost.Recent advances in TENGs have brought innovative solutions for clinical healthcare.Particularly,TENGs offer novel solutions of continues power supply for wearable and implantable medical devices with lightweight,thinness,good biocompatibility,and excellent soft tissue conformability.In this review,we discuss(1)The working principle and representative structure of TENGs,(2)the material selection of TENGs,(3)the recent progression of application of TENG in the medical field of cardiovascular system,nervous system,respiratory system,microbial inactivation,antibiofouling,disinfection,and tissue repair,(4)challenges and future perspectives of TENG-based medical devices.The emerging TENGs and their applications in medicine cannot simply be seen as an alternative to conventional power supplies,it provides a revolutionary solution for wearable and implantable medical devices,and they will surely change the paradigm of disease diagnosis and treatment in the future.