Wearable Healthcare and Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring with IoT Integration

Technical and accessibility issues in hospitals often prevent patients from receiving optimal mental and physical health care,which is essential for independent living,especially as societies age and chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease become more common.Recent advances in the Internet of Things(IoT)-enabled wearable devices offer potential solutions for remote health monitoring and everyday activity recognition,gaining significant attention in personalized healthcare.This paper comprehensively reviews wearable healthcare technology integrated with the IoT for continuous vital sign monitoring.Relevant papers were extracted and analyzed using a systematic numerical review method,covering various aspects such as sports monitoring,disease detection,patient monitoring,and medical diagnosis.The review highlights the transformative impact of IoTenabled wearable devices in healthcare,facilitating real-time monitoring of vital signs,including blood pressure,temperature,oxygen levels,and heart rate.Results from the reviewed papers demonstrate high accuracy and efficiency in predicting health conditions,improving sports performance,enhancing patient care,and diagnosing diseases.The integration of IoT in wearable healthcare devices enables remote patient monitoring,personalized care,and efficient data transmission,ultimately transcending traditional boundaries of healthcare and leading to better patient outcomes.

Integration of Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Wearable Technology for Chronic Disease Management: A New Paradigm in Smart Healthcare

Chronic diseases are a growing concern worldwide,with nearly 25% of adults suffering from one or more chronic health conditions,thus placing a heavy burden on individuals,families,and healthcare systems.With the advent of the“Smart Healthcare”era,a series of cutting-edge technologies has brought new experiences to the management of chronic diseases.Among them,smart wearable technology not only helps people pursue a healthier lifestyle but also provides a continuous flow of healthcare data for disease diagnosis and treatment by actively recording physiological parameters and tracking the metabolic state.However,how to organize and analyze the data to achieve the ultimate goal of improving chronic disease management,in terms of quality of life,patient outcomes,and privacy protection,is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed.Artificial intelligence(AI)can provide intelligent suggestions by analyzing a patient’s physiological data from wearable devices for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.In addition,blockchain can improve healthcare services by authorizing decentralized data sharing,protecting the privacy of users,providing data empowerment,and ensuring the reliability of data management.Integrating AI,blockchain,and wearable technology could optimize the existing chronic disease management models,with a shift from a hospital-centered model to a patient-centered one.In this paper,we conceptually demonstrate a patient-centric technical framework based on AI,blockchain,and wearable technology and further explore the application of these integrated technologies in chronic disease management.Finally,the shortcomings of this new paradigm and future research directions are also discussed.

Wearable sweat biosensors on textiles for health monitoring

With the rapid technological innovation in materials engineering and device integration,a wide variety of textilebased wearable biosensors have emerged as promising platforms for personalized healthcare,exercise monitoring,and pre-diagnostics.This paper reviews the recent progress in sweat biosensors and sensing systems integrated into textiles for wearable body status monitoring.The mechanisms of biosensors that are commonly adopted for biomarkers analysis are first introduced.The classification,fabrication methods,and applications of textile conductors in different configurations and dimensions are then summarized.Afterward,innovative strategies to achieve efficient sweat collection with textile-based sensing patches are presented,followed by an in-depth discussion on nanoengineering and system integration approaches for the enhancement of sensing performance.Finally,the challenges of textile-based sweat sensing devices associated with the device reusability,washability,stability,and fabrication reproducibility are discussed from the perspective of their practical applications in wearable healthcare.

Integration designs toward new-generation wearable energy supply-sensor systems for real-time health monitoring:A minireview

Wearable sensing systems,as a spearhead of artificial intelligence,are playing increasingly important roles in many fields especially health monitoring.In order to achieve a better wearable experience,rationally integrating the two key components of sensing systems,that is,power supplies and sensors,has become a desperate requirement.However,limited by device designs and fabrication technologies,the current integrated sensing systems still face many great challenges,such as safety,miniaturization,mechanical stability,energyefficiency,sustainability,and comfortability.In this review,the key challenges and opportunities in the current development of integrated wearable sensing systems are summarized.By summarizing the typical configurations of diverse wearable power supplies,and recent advances concerning the integrated sensing systems driven by such power supplies,the representative integrated designs,and micro/nanofabrication technologies are highlighted.Lastly,some new directions and potential solutions aiming at the device-level integration designs are outlooked.

Digital health technologies/interventions in smart ward development for elderly patients with diabetes:A perspective from China and beyond

Diabetes is highly prevalent among the elderly worldwide,with the highest number of diabetes cases in China.Yet,the management of diabetes remains unsatisfactory.Recent advances in digital health technologies have facilitated the establishment of smart wards for diabetes patients.There is a lack of smart wards tailored specifically for older diabetes patients who encounter unique challenges in glycemic control and diabetes management,including an increased vulnerability to hypoglycemia,the presence of multiple chronic diseases,and cognitive decline.In this review,studies on digital health technologies for diabetes in China and beyond were summarized to elucidate how the adoption of digital health technologies,such as real-time continuous glucose monitoring,sensor-augmented pump technology,and their integration with 5th generation networks,big data cloud storage,and hospital information systems,can address issues specifically related to elderly diabetes patients in hospital wards.Furthermore,the challenges and future directions for establishing and implementing smart wards for elderly diabetes patients are discussed,and these challenges may also be applicable to other countries worldwide,not just in China.Taken together,the smart wards may enhance clinical outcomes,address specific issues,and eventually improve patient-centered hospital care for elderly patients with diabetes.

健康教练技术联合可穿戴设备对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢及自我管理行为的影响研究

背景2型糖尿病(T2DM)已成为当前全球面临的公共卫生负担,随着互联网和数字技术的迅猛发展,智慧服务模式在T2DM患者管理中发挥重要作用。目的探讨可穿戴设备联合健康教练技术在T2DM患者中的应用效果。方法选取2020年6月—2021年6月在南昌大学第二附属医院住院的315例T2DM患者为研究对象,依据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组、干预A组和干预B组,对照组实施基于毛细血管血糖监测的常规管理措施;干预A组采用可穿戴设备进行常规管理;干预B组采用可穿戴设备联合健康教练技术进行管理。比较三组干预前及干预后3、6、9、12个月时的血糖、血脂控制状况及自我管理行为上的差异。结果研究实施期间共失访15例,最终纳入分析的研究对象共300例,三组各100例。三组在餐后2小时血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_(1c))、低血糖发生次数、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、2型糖尿病自我管理行为(2-DSCS)和糖尿病患者自我管理行为(SDSCA)评分上干预方法与时间存在交互作用(P<0.05)。干预方法对低血糖发生例数、总胆固醇(TC)、HDL-C、2-DSCS和SDSCA评分主效应显著(P<0.05)。除低血糖发生次数之外,时间在各项指标上的主效应显著(P<0.05)。各组干预后3、6、9、12个月时的HbA_(1c)、空腹血糖(FBG)、2 hPG、TC水平低于同组干预前,2-DSCS评分及SDSCA评分高于同组干预前(P<0.05)。干预3个月后:干预B组低血糖发生次数低于干预A组和对照组;干预B组HDL-C水平、SDSCA评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预6个月后:干预B组2 hPG、TC水平低于对照组;干预A组和干预B组的HDL-C水平、2-DSCS评分、SDSCA评分高于对照组;干预B组SDSCA评分高于干预A组(P<0.05)。干预9个月后:干预B组FBG、2 hPG、TC水平低于对照组;干预B组FBG、2 hPG水平低于干预A组;干预B组HDL-C水平、2-DSCS评分、SDSCA评分高于对照组;干预B组2-DSCS评分、SDSCA评分高于干预A组(P<0.05)。干预12个月后:干预B组FBG、2 hPG、HbA_(1c)、TC、LDL-C水平低于对照组;干预B组FBG、2 hPG、HbA_(1c)水平低于干预A组;干预B组的HDL-C水平、2-DSCS评分、SDSCA评分高于对照组和干预A组(P<0.05)。结论可穿戴设备联合健康教练技术在改善T2DM患者糖脂综合控制状况、提高其自我管理能力具有短期及长期效果。

智能臂带式多生理参数监测设备的研制

目的:为更全面地获取人体的基本体征参数,研制一种可实时采集心电、血氧饱和度、血压、体温、体位/体动信号的智能臂带式多生理参数监测设备。方法:该监测设备硬件主要由主控模块、传感器采集模块、蓝牙通信模块、数据显示存储模块、外围控制模块组成,其中主控模块采用STM32L452单片机,传感器采集模块包括心电和体温模块、加速度模块、血氧模块和压力模块,外围控制模块主要包括按键控制模块和电源管理模块;软件包括下位机软件和上位机软件,其中下位机软件借助嵌入式开发平台Keil MDK以C语言进行编写,上位机软件基于LabVIEW平台进行开发。为验证该监测设备的功能和性能,对该监测设备无线传输和数据存储的稳定性及各生理参数和信号的采集功能进行测试。结果:测试结果表明,该监测设备可满足对传输可靠性和低功耗的需求,便携性和可穿戴性较好;体温、心率、血氧饱和度、收缩压、舒张压测量误差绝对值的最大值分别为0.08℃、2次/min、1%、4 mmHg(1 mmHg=133.32 Pa)、5 mmHg,具有较高的准确率。结论:该设备体积小、质量轻、功耗低,可实现对多种生理信号的监测,且能满足监测设备可穿戴性的需求。

柔性透明二维光电器件在智能化信息领域中的应用

随着新型智能化电子技术的快速发展,人们对高性能、轻薄、柔性消费型电子产品的需求日益迫切。传统的硬质硅基器件难以满足可穿戴设备、电子皮肤等领域对电子元件的特殊需求,二维(2D)材料因优异的光电性质在新兴电子产业中备受瞩目,因此开发柔性透明2D光电器件成为前沿科技中的热门研究领域。本文详细介绍了柔性透明2D光电器件中的2D材料、透明电极、柔性透明衬底/介电层等关键构成,综合论述了关于柔性透明晶体管、光电探测器、传感器、电容器等器件在可穿戴电子、透明智能显示、医疗监测等领域中的广泛应用前景。最后,总结展望了柔性透明2D光电器件目前所面临的挑战与发展前景。相信随着材料科学、纳米技术和制造工艺的不断革新与发展,柔性透明电子技术将会更加成熟、可靠,为人类生活带来更多便利和可能性。

柔性可穿戴超声传感器研究进展

探讨柔性可穿戴超声传感器技术进展。介绍超声传感器原理;分析以纺织品等柔性材料作为传感器基底的超声传感器主要特点,分析导体的可拉伸性与压电材料对制备柔性超声传感器的重要性;综述柔性可穿戴超声传感器在血压监测、血流速度监测和扫描成像方面的技术现状与应用;总结分析柔性可穿戴超声传感器开发、应用研究中亟待解决的问题。研究认为:柔性可穿戴超声传感器具有柔软、透气、可高度集成等特点,在智能可穿戴领域具有广阔发展前景,小型化、集成化柔性可穿戴超声传感器是未来发展趋势。

Functional photonic structures for external interaction with flexible/ wearable devices

In addition to vital functions,more subsidiary functions are being expected from wearable devices.The wearable technology thus far has achieved the ability to maintain homeostasis by continuously monitoring physiological signals.The quality of life improves if,through further developments of wearable devices to detect,announce,and even control unperceptive or noxious signals from the environment.Soft materials based on photonic engineering can fulfil the abovementioned functions.Due to the flexibility and zero-power operation of such materials,they can be applied to conventional wearables without affecting existing functions.The achievements to freely tailoring a broad range of electromagnetic waves have encouraged the development of wearable systems for independent recognition/manipulation of light,pollution,chemicals,viruses and heat.Herein,the role that photonic engineering on a flexible platform plays in detecting or reacting to environmental changes is reviewed in terms of material selection,structural design,and regulation mechanisms from the ultraviolet to infrared spectral regions.Moreover,issues emerging with the evolution of the wearable technology,such as Joule heating,battery durability,and user privacy,and the potential solution strategies are discussed.This article provides a systematic review of current progress in wearable devices based on photonic structures as well as an overview of possible ubiquitous advances and their applications,providing diachronic perspectives and future outlook on the rapidly growing research field of wearable technology.

睡眠呼吸暂停检测方法研究进展

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome,SAHS)是一种发病率高却鲜为人知的功能失调性疾病,包括中枢型呼吸睡眠暂停综合征和阻塞型呼吸睡眠暂停低通气综合征。目前越来越多的专家学者尝试从不同角度进行SAHS的检测研究,提出多种睡眠呼吸暂停检测算法,并通过算法简化多导睡眠监测(Polysomnography,PSG)的复杂程度,研究出多种新型SAHS监护设备,减少对耗时的传统PSG的需要。本文综述了SAHS检测方法,阐明不同的监护装置应用于SAHS检测的优势和局限性,分析了软件算法在睡眠呼吸暂停检测中的应用现状,并对其未来的研究发展提出展望。

远程监护设备对不同居住安排老年人健康的影响——基于中国老年社会追踪调查的分析

远程监护设备通过监测老年人的体征、环境或需求,可以实现对老年人护理的远程辅助。基于中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)2018年度、2020年度的2期数据,分析4 503名老年人的调查问卷结果,运用个体固定效应模型,以老年人的3种居住安排(独居、仅与配偶同居、多代同居)作为调节变量,探究4类常见远程监护设备(智能手环/手表、居家监控摄像头、智能一体机/音箱、智能睡眠监测)的使用对城市居家老年人健康水平的影响。结果表明,至少使用其中一种设备即可对老年人的健康水平产生显著的提升效应。这一提升效应在独居老人群体中尤其突出,并且不同设备的影响也存在差异。揭示远程监护设备对老年人的健康效益存在居住安排方面的异质性,为智慧养老的研究和实践提供实证依据。

新型柔性传感器在可穿戴设备中的应用研究

随着技术的进步,新型柔性传感器越来越多地应用于可穿戴设备。对新型柔性传感器在健康监测,运动追踪,环境监测以及交互体验方面的应用进行研究,并对其优点,面临的挑战以及未来的发展趋势进行分析。采用文献综述及案例分析等研究手段,对柔性传感器材料特性,工作原理,发展过程及其在可穿戴设备上的应用状况进行系统论述。发现柔性传感器对于提高设备性能和改善用户体验有显著优势。

穿戴式健康监测设备的现状与未来

智能手机与移动通信技术的迅速发展,为穿戴式健康监测提供了发展机遇。穿戴式健康设备能够监测用户的重要生理信号,通过手机接入移动通信网或互联网进行数据远程传送或共享,从而实现医学监护并降低医疗成本。本文概述了穿戴式健康设备的发展现状,指出穿戴式医疗发展机遇与风险挑战并存,并展望了其发展趋势。

柔性可穿戴生理监测设备的研究与应用现状

阐述了国内外柔性可穿戴生理监测设备研究现状。介绍了该设备在疾病监测、情绪监测、康复训练监测、运动训练监测、特殊环境作业安全监测与防护、灾害与战争伤员搜救、老年人与儿童监护等方面的应用现状,分析了该设备的性能特点。针对该设备存在的材料成本高、数据质量不理想、行业标准缺失、实际应用效能不明确等问题提出了相关对策,对柔性生理传感技术研发及应用前景进行了展望。

健康医疗可穿戴设备数据隐私相关问题研究

归纳、总结健康医疗可穿戴设备采集的数据内容,重点绘制健康医疗可穿戴设备的数据流动环节,并将数据流动划分为采集、上传、集成交互以及信息反馈等主要环节,并分析各主要环节中以及其他方面存在及潜在的数据安全与隐私问题,希望能为健康医疗可穿戴设备的数据隐私保护机制提供不同角度的理论参考。

基于智能可穿戴设备的个性化健康监管平台的构建

由于以“预防、保健、预诊”为主导的社区医疗模式易受到专业知识、信息技术等诸多因素的限制,为辅助非专业医护人员及时获取健康信息,文中设计了基于可穿戴设备的个性化健康监管平台。该平台涉及新型健康领域,将专业医疗信息与物联网技术、大数据技术完美融合在一起。个性化健康监管平台由智能可穿戴设备、终端应用和医疗信息处理服务器3部分构成,主要包含日常健康监测、异常信息报警、病理影像沟通和位置快速信息获取等功能。智能可穿戴设备可用于体温、血压、血氧、血糖、心电、定位、体重、运动等数据的获取,终端应用主要为AndroidApp、iOSApp和微信小程序,医疗信息处理服务器采用Hadoop结构,使用Spark计算框架,利用分布式数据库SequoiaDB存储信息。三者之间可采用ZigBee+WIFI无线传输、GPRS或蓝牙传输等通信方式通信。通过实验验证,智能可穿戴设备的准确性较高,而且3种通信方式均可在不同条件下相互切换,信息传输与存储的正确性可得到保证。

可穿戴医疗健康监护现状与展望

可穿戴技术迅速发展的今天,人口老龄化进程加快、医疗资源相对紧缺,健康观念日益深入人心,使得医疗健康监护倍受关注。可穿戴健康监护设备,旨在实现实时监测人体各项健康信息,结合大数据分析和专家建议,为用户提供科学健康的指导。针对日益增加的慢性疾病和亚健康等问题,本文从慢病管理和健康监护两方面应用着手,介绍了可穿戴技术在医疗健康监护领域的应用现状及不足,对可穿戴医疗健康监护的发展趋势进行展望。

健康医疗可穿戴设备数据安全与隐私保护意识实证分析研究

采用问卷调查北京协和医学院在校师生对健康医疗可穿戴设备的数据安全与隐私保护意识,从设备数据保障能力认知、数据权利主体认知、数据共享意愿认知、尊重他人隐私意识及数据保护和维权意识5个方面对调查结果进行分析,阐述存在的主要问题并提出应对措施。

老年人健康监测可穿戴设备的应用研究

用于老年人健康监测的可穿戴产品具有舒适、易护理、可长期穿戴和易操作等特点,文章简述近年来面料和柔性传感技术结合在老年人健康监测可穿戴设备的应用情况。综述用于老年人睡眠、血压、心率、无创血糖、帕金森、步态及跌倒监测的可穿戴设备的系列设计方案。提出老年人健康监测可穿戴设备的发展趋势,包括更低的价格、更安全的操作、更时尚的外观,为此类可穿戴设备的开发提供参考。