Wearable Smart Sensor System for Medical Monitoring with an Assessment of the Level of Blood Loss and Pain Shock Because of Trauma or Injury

Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of the body during internal or external bleeding. Access to clinical care for wounded military personnel injured on the battlefield is limited and has long delays compared to patients in peacetime. Most of the deaths of wounded military personnel on the battlefield occur within the first hour after being wounded. The most common causes are delay in providing medical care, loss of time for diagnosis, delay in stabilization of pain shock and large blood loss. Some help in overcoming these problems is provided by the data in the individual capsule, which each soldier of the modern army possesses;however, data in an individual capsule is not sufficient to provide emergency medical care in field and hospital conditions. This paper considers a project for development of a smart real-time monitoring wearable system for blood loss and level of shock stress in wounded persons on the battlefield, which provides medical staff in field and hospital conditions with the necessary information to give timely medical care. Although the hospital will require additional information, the basic information about the victims will already be known before he enters the hospital. It is important to emphasize that the key term in this approach is monitoring. It is tracking, and not a one-time measurement of indicators, that is crucial in a valid definition of bleeding.

Engineering Smart Composite Hydrogels for Wearable Health Monitoring

Growing health awareness triggers the public's concern about health problems. People want a timely and comprehensive picture of their condition without frequent trips to the hospital for costly and cumbersome general check-ups. The wearable technique provides a continuous measurement method for health monitoring by tracking a person's physiological data and analyzing it locally or remotely.During the health monitoring process,different kinds of sensors convert physiological signals into electrical or optical signals that can be recorded and transmitted, consequently playing a crucial role in wearable techniques. Wearable application scenarios usually require sensors to possess excellent flexibility and stretchability. Thus, designing flexible and stretchable sensors with reliable performance is the key to wearable technology. Smart composite hydrogels, which have tunable electrical properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and multi-stimulus sensitivity, are one of the best sensitive materials for wearable health monitoring. This review summarizes the common synthetic and performance optimization strategies of smart composite hydrogels and focuses on the current application of smart composite hydrogels in the field of wearable health monitoring.

多功能热电织物用于可穿戴无线传感系统

Flexible thermoelectric materials play an important role in smart wearables,such as wearable power generation,self-powered sensing,and personal thermal management.However,with the rapid development of Internet of Things(IoT)and artificial intelligence(AI),higher standards for comfort,multifunctionality,and sustainable operation of wearable electronics have been proposed,and it remains challenging to meet all the requirements of currently reported thermoelectric devices.Herein,we present a multifunctional,wearable,and wireless sensing system based on a thermoelectric knitted fabric with over 600 mm·s^(-1)air permeability and a stretchability of 120%.The device coupled with a wireless transmission system realizes self-powered monitoring of human respiration through an mobile phone application(APP).Furthermore,an integrated thermoelectric system was designed to combine photothermal conversion and passive radiative cooling,enabling the characteristics of being powered by solar-driven in-plane temperature differences and monitoring outdoor sunlight intensity through the APP.Additionally,we decoupled the complex signals of resistance and thermal voltage during deformation under solar irradiation based on the anisotropy of the knitted fabrics to enable the device to monitor and optimize the outdoor physical activity of the athlete via the APP.This novel thermoelectric fabricbased wearable and wireless sensing platform has promising applications in next-generation smart textiles.

The accuracy of arrhythmia detection and its clinical significance of intelligent wearable electrocardiogram monitoring devices in asymptomatic myocardial ischemia patients during daily activities.

This study focuses on the accuracy of arrhythmia detection by intelligent wearable electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring devices in asymptomatic myocardial ischemia patients during daily activities.It elaborates on the technical principles,features,and working modes of such devices and makes a comparison with traditional ECG monitoring methods.Through a well-designed experimental approach involving data collection and analysis using specific evaluation metrics and standards,the accuracy of arrhythmia detection is evaluated.The relationship between arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia is explored,along with its impact on diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment strategy development.The application of these devices in daily activities,including feasibility,compliance,and analysis during different activity states and long-term trends,is also examined.Despite the potential benefits,technical limitations and barriers to clinical acceptance are identified,and future research directions are proposed.The findings contribute to a better understanding of the role and value of intelligent wearable ECG monitoring devices in the management of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia patients.

FedIERF: Federated Incremental Extremely Random Forest for Wearable Health Monitoring

Wearable health monitoring is a crucial technical tool that offers early warning for chronic diseases due to its superior portability and low power consumption.However,most wearable health data is distributed across dfferent organizations,such as hospitals,research institutes,and companies,and can only be accessed by the owners of the data in compliance with data privacy regulations.The first challenge addressed in this paper is communicating in a privacy-preserving manner among different organizations.The second technical challenge is handling the dynamic expansion of the federation without model retraining.To address the first challenge,we propose a horizontal federated learning method called Federated Extremely Random Forest(FedERF).Its contribution-based splitting score computing mechanism significantly mitigates the impact of privacy protection constraints on model performance.Based on FedERF,we present a federated incremental learning method called Federated Incremental Extremely Random Forest(FedIERF)to address the second technical challenge.FedIERF introduces a hardness-driven weighting mechanism and an importance-based updating scheme to update the existing federated model incrementally.The experiments show that FedERF achieves comparable performance with non-federated methods,and FedIERF effectively addresses the dynamic expansion of the federation.This opens up opportunities for cooperation between different organizations in wearable health monitoring.

Current Status and Development Tendency of Wearable Cardiac Health Monitoring

Wearable cardiac monitoring devices can provide uninterrupted monitoring of cardiac activities over a long period of time.They have developed rapidly in recent years in terms of convenience,comfort,and intelligence.Aided by the development of sensor and materials technology,big data and artificial intelligence,wearable cardiac monitoring can become a crucial basis for novel medical models in the future.Herein,the basic concepts and representative devices of wearable cardiac monitoring are first introduced.Subsequently,its core technologies and the latest representative research progress in physiology signal sensing,signal quality enhancement,and signal reliability are systematically reviewed.Finally,an insight and outlook on the future development trends and challenges of wearable cardiac monitoring are discussed.