Fasteners of 718 alloys are used to set up connection between each support and other components for ITER system, metal-based Ag solid lubricant coating is widely used as an anti-seizure lubricant coating due to its st...Fasteners of 718 alloys are used to set up connection between each support and other components for ITER system, metal-based Ag solid lubricant coating is widely used as an anti-seizure lubricant coating due to its strong low-temperature shear resistance. But the poor adhesion to the steel surfaces has been a critical restriction for applying the silver coatings to the practical machine elements. In this work, an 8-μm silver self-lubricating coating was deposited on the surface of 718 alloy by the method of magnetron sputtering. The coating was uniform, dense and consistent. The wear mechanism was investigated by analyzing the friction and wear properties of the coating. Stress is one of the important impacts on the friction coefficient, the results showed that it first increased and then decreased with the increase of pressure at room temperature and under vacuum. Temperature exerted an effect on the silver self-lubricating coating. A study was conducted under vacuum on the friction and wear performance of the coating at 300 K, 225 K, 155 K, and 77 K, respectively. The results showed that the wear mechanism and wear state varied under various low-temperature conditions, with the severity of wear reaching the maximum only at 225 K. Through the same silver coating process, the washer of superbolt was improved by silver coating treatment.展开更多
The friction and wear properties of metal-plastic multilayer composites filled with glass fiber, which is treated with rare earth element surface modifier, under impact load and dry friction conditions were investigat...The friction and wear properties of metal-plastic multilayer composites filled with glass fiber, which is treated with rare earth element surface modifier, under impact load and dry friction conditions were investigated. Experimental results show that the metal-plastic multilayer composite filled with glass fiber exhibits excellent friction and impact wear properties when using rare earth elements as surface modifier for the surface treatment of glass fiber.展开更多
Copper-graphite composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS)using coppercoated graphite powder.Hydrophobic surfaces were successfully constructed by chemical etching and surface treatment.The density,metall...Copper-graphite composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS)using coppercoated graphite powder.Hydrophobic surfaces were successfully constructed by chemical etching and surface treatment.The density,metallographic structure,microstructure,Shore hardness,resistivity,water contact angle,and friction/wear properties of the composites were investigated using the Archimedes drainage method,a metallographic microscope,a scanning electron microscope,a hardness tester,a resistometer,a surface science tester,and a friction tester.The results showed that the relative density and Shore hardness of the copper-graphite composites increased slightly from 90.04%and 56 HSD to 92.66%and 59 HSD,respectively,when the sintering temperature increased from 700 to 900℃.The copper and graphite phases in the copper-graphite composites were uniformly distributed with a continuous and network-like structure at various sintering temperatures.The interface between the copper and graphite was in good condition,without any obvious cracks or voids.The optimum process for hydrophobic surface construction included etching with a 1 mol/L K_(2)Cr_(2)O_(7)-H_(2)SO_(4)solution for 1 min,and soaking in a 0.09 mol/L cetylbenzene sulfonic acid alcohol solution for 1 h.The contact angle of the copper-graphite composite reached 130°.Hydrophobic treatment was beneficial for reducing the friction coefficient(from 0.18-0.19 to 0.13-0.15)and the wear rate(from 4.1-6.2×10^(-3)to 1.1-2.1×10^(-3)mm^(3)/(N·m)),demonstrating obvious antifriction and wear-resisting properties.The resistivities of the hydrophobic-treated samples increased slightly,from(4-8)×10^(-7)Ω·m to(5-15)×10^(-7)Ω·m,meeting the resistivity requirements of copper-graphite composite pantograph sliders and current receiver sliders in actual working conditions.展开更多
The experiment of injection molding, Dais-simulating test, morphological structure investigation(Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were performed on mini-automobile spherical seat...The experiment of injection molding, Dais-simulating test, morphological structure investigation(Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were performed on mini-automobile spherical seat which was made of thermoplastic polyester elastomer(TPEE)and oiled polyoxymethylene(POM),respectively. The friction-wear properties between the frictionl pair of polymer spherical seat and metallic(iron)spherical pin were studied. The test results indicate that the antifriction property of TPEE is superior to that of POM, while its surface chemical effect is inferior to that of POM.展开更多
The cellulosic bast fibers are recognized as a justifiable and biodegradable substitute for producing moderate strength polymer composite materials because of their characteristics of renewability,ecofriendliness,and ...The cellulosic bast fibers are recognized as a justifiable and biodegradable substitute for producing moderate strength polymer composite materials because of their characteristics of renewability,ecofriendliness,and higher specific strength.Hence the aim of this research work is to fabricate Himalayan bast fibers(Nettle fiber(NF)/bauhinia vahlii fiber(BF)) based mono/hybrid epoxy composites at varying weight percentage of 2-6 wt% and evaluate the physical(void fraction and water absorption),mechanical(tensile strength,flexural strength,hardness) and sliding wear properties of as-fabricated composites.The 6 wt% NBF reinforced composites exhibited higher mechanical properties as compared to NF and BF composites with tensile strength of 34.04 MPa,flexural strength of 42.45 MPa,and hardness of 37.01 Hv respectively.The influence of various control factors(sliding velocity,NF/BF/NBF contents,normal load and sliding distance) on specific sliding wear rate of composites was evaluated by Taguchi(three factors at three levels) experimental design and the percentage contribution of these selected parameters on sliding wear performance was examined by Analysis of variance(ANOVA).The sliding wear property of as-developed composites was found to be greatly influenced by sliding velocity and the wear resistance was observed to be improved with the NF/BF/NBF contents.The wear mechanism of the as-fabricated composites has been elucidated by scanning electron microscopy analysis.The research outcomes demonstrated that the hybridization of Bauhinia vahlii fiber with Nettle fiber led to improve the mechanical and wear properties of epoxy composites.展开更多
Dry sliding friction and wear properties of A356/SiC composites against AISI D2 were analyzed by means of SEM,XRD and EDS.Results indicated that the wear rate of A356/SiC increased with increase of the applied load.Mi...Dry sliding friction and wear properties of A356/SiC composites against AISI D2 were analyzed by means of SEM,XRD and EDS.Results indicated that the wear rate of A356/SiC increased with increase of the applied load.Mild wear took place under lower load,transferring to severe wear at the load heavier than 400 N.Mechanical mixed layer(MML) formed on worn surface during dry sliding friction process,whose thickness became deeper with increasing load.Cracks formed easily in MML and spread transversely,resulting in peeling wear.The wear mechanism of the composite is that oxidation wear mechanism was dominant under low load,with the formation of tiny powdery debris.As the load enhanced,peeling wear was primary due to laminar debris detached from the MML,including oxidation and adhesive wear at the same time,with the load at 350-450 N,adhesive wear with irregular debris and peeling wear were predominant.展开更多
In situ A356-x%PVF (particle volume fraction) ZrB2 ( x=1, 3, 5) composites were prepared via magneto-chemistry in situ reaction and the dry sliding wear properties of the composites were investigated. The experime...In situ A356-x%PVF (particle volume fraction) ZrB2 ( x=1, 3, 5) composites were prepared via magneto-chemistry in situ reaction and the dry sliding wear properties of the composites were investigated. The experimental results show that ZrB2 reinforcement particle is obtained and its morphology mainly present in spherical and regular hexagon. Wear test results show that the values of wear weight loss of the composites decrease with the increase of value under a given sliding time and a certain load of 60 N. Especially, when x=5, the weight loss of the as-prepared composite is 43.1 mg, which is only 36.4% to that ofA356 alloy, 118 rag. The wear mechanism is changed from adhesion wear to adhesion wear and abrasive wear and then to abrasive wear with the increase of x value.展开更多
An adequate hardness of MoS2/Cu composites has not been achieved if these materials are applied under the extreme wear conditions. Therefore, Me-reinforced MoS2/Cu composites were prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M)...An adequate hardness of MoS2/Cu composites has not been achieved if these materials are applied under the extreme wear conditions. Therefore, Me-reinforced MoS2/Cu composites were prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M) methods. The electrical sliding wear properties in the absence or presence of Mereinforced MoS2/Cu composites were tested by HST-100 high speed electric-tribometer. The hardness, electrical conductivity, density, and microstmcture of MoS2/Cu composites were observed. Me-reinforcement MoS2/Cu composites are of good electrical conductivity, while the hardness of Mo-reinforcedment MoS2/Cu composites is about 33.3% higher than that of MoS2/Cu composites. With the addition of Me, composites show better wear properties under high speed and large electric current due to the improvement of hardness. The effects of current intensity and sliding velocity on the wear properties of the tested materials are complicated, and the wear mechanisms of MoS2/Cu composites are mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear with arc erosion.展开更多
Thermal sprayed Ni-20wt. % Al coating is fabricated on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy substrates by twin-wire arc spraying (TWAS). Experimental results present that the average bonding strength is around 53 MPa and the aver...Thermal sprayed Ni-20wt. % Al coating is fabricated on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy substrates by twin-wire arc spraying (TWAS). Experimental results present that the average bonding strength is around 53 MPa and the average hardness reaches 325 HV. The Vickers microhardness of NiAl and Ni3Al intermetaUic compounds is larger than that of the substrate, which is beneficial for improving the wear property. Wear mechanism exhibits features of adhesive wear. Friction and wear test results indicate that the wet friction coefficient is higher than the coefficient of dry friction after 200 cycles, and variations of the wet friction coefficient are relatively smaller.展开更多
To solve the problem of the severe mismatch between the product and roll materials in the preliminary rolling line,a new graphitic steel material was designed,its microstructure and high-temperature friction and wear ...To solve the problem of the severe mismatch between the product and roll materials in the preliminary rolling line,a new graphitic steel material was designed,its microstructure and high-temperature friction and wear properties were investigated.Moreover,the feasibility of replacing semi-steel with this new material in the V1 stand roll was studied herein.The results show that the graphitic steel matrix is strengthened by silicon and nickel elements.The presence of spherical graphite also provides self-lubrication and heat conduction and prevents the propagation of cracks.Carbides in the appropriate amount and size strengthen the matrix,reduce the cracking effect of the matrix,and are not easily broken,thereby reducing high-temperature abrasive wear.Under the same hightemperature friction and wear conditions,compared with semi-steel,the wear-scar surface of graphitic steel exhibits less wear-scar depth and wear volume,a smaller friction coefficient,reduced oxide layer thickness,and fewer instances of peeling and microcracks.Therefore,the newly designed graphitic steel has higher wear resistance and hot-crack resistance than semi-steel,which makes it feasible for use in replacing semi-steel as a new V1 frame roll material in the blooming mill.展开更多
The tribological properties of newly developed friction material were evaluated by statistical analysis of the major affecting factors.The material for investigation was non-metallic friction material synergistically ...The tribological properties of newly developed friction material were evaluated by statistical analysis of the major affecting factors.The material for investigation was non-metallic friction material synergistically reinforced with aramid fibre and CaSO 4 whisker,which was developed for hoisting applications in coal mine.The response surface method(RSM)was employed to analyze the material performances affected by the independent and interactive effect of the factors under the normal working condition and severe working condition,respectively.Results showed that under the normal working condition,the newly developed material exhibited stable tribological properties which were insensitive to the test conditions.While under the severe working condition,the sliding velocity was the most dominant factor affecting the friction coefficient.Additionally,compared to the commercially available material,the modified material showed superior wear resistance and thermal stability.展开更多
The effects of Y_(2)O_(3) on the microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, hot corrosion resistance, and electrochemical corrosion behaviour of CoCrFeNiTiNb high entropy al...The effects of Y_(2)O_(3) on the microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, hot corrosion resistance, and electrochemical corrosion behaviour of CoCrFeNiTiNb high entropy alloy coatings formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces were studied. The results show that the addition of Y_(2)O_(3) changes the proportion of the phase but does not change its type. The average grain size is only 1/4.7 of that of the high entropy alloy(HEA) coating, and the fine-grained strengthening leads to increases in the microhardness and wear resistance of 21.8% and 26.9%, respectively. The addition of Y_(2)O_(3) enhances the denseness and bonding properties of the oxide and corrosion product layers, reducing the oxidation and hot corrosion rates by 60.3% and 40.3%, respectively. The addition of Y_(2)O_(3) doubles the corrosion resistance which is attributed to the refinement of the grains, the increased proportion of HCP and TiN, and the weakening of galvanic coupling corrosion.展开更多
The nitrogen-alloying hardfacing alloy of the martensitic stainless steel was deposited on a low carbon steel substrate using hardfacing flux-cored wire. Microstructure and surface hardness of hardfacing alloy were in...The nitrogen-alloying hardfacing alloy of the martensitic stainless steel was deposited on a low carbon steel substrate using hardfacing flux-cored wire. Microstructure and surface hardness of hardfacing alloy were investigated and measured by optical microscope and microhardness tester. Carbonitrides of the hardfacing alloy were observed by electron probe. The wear behaviour of the hardfacing alloy was studied using the belt abrasion test apparatus and the worn surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that carbonitride particles in the hardfacing alloy are complex MX ( M: alloy elements ; X: C, N) precipitate with fine size. These carbonitride particles distributed homogeneously in the hardfacing alloy and had a good strengthening effect on the wear property. The wear property of the hardfacing alloy with nitrogen was better than the one without nitrogen.展开更多
In this paper, Ni-based alloy composite coating reinforced by Ti (C, N) particles was fabricated on the mild steel through laser cladding technology. The microstrncture of laser cladding layer was analyzed by means ...In this paper, Ni-based alloy composite coating reinforced by Ti (C, N) particles was fabricated on the mild steel through laser cladding technology. The microstrncture of laser cladding layer was analyzed by means of optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wear resistance test of the coating was evaluated using an M-2000 tester. The results showed that the Ni-based composite coating had an ability of rapid solidification to form dendritic crystals microstructure consisting of Ti ( C, N) particulates uniformly distributed in the matrix. It was found that some Ti( C,N) particles are similar to be round in shape, and the others are irregular. Laser cladding layer reinforced by Ti( C, N) particulates was found to possess good wear resistance property.展开更多
The microstructure, tensile property and wear resistance of 7075 aluminum matrix composite reinforced with TiC particles prepared by in-situ reaction casting were investigated. The effect of TiC reinforcement on wear ...The microstructure, tensile property and wear resistance of 7075 aluminum matrix composite reinforced with TiC particles prepared by in-situ reaction casting were investigated. The effect of TiC reinforcement on wear behavior was analyzed. The wear mechanism was also discussed. A micro-mechanism model of reaction kinetics for synthesis of TiC was acquired. Results show that TiC could increase the tensile and yield strength, but decrease the elongation. Besides, TiC particles improve the property of wear resistance of 7075 aluminum alloy. The wear mechanisms include abrasive wear and adhesive wear in wear test process.展开更多
In the present research,the gas-assisted laser(GAL)and water-jet guided laser(WGL)processing technologies were applied to machine the ultrathin kerf in the wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy.The microstructure,microhardness,and ...In the present research,the gas-assisted laser(GAL)and water-jet guided laser(WGL)processing technologies were applied to machine the ultrathin kerf in the wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy.The microstructure,microhardness,and wear properties of the superficial layer were investigated.The results reveal that the GAL processing could machine the kerf with a high depth-to-width ratio of 12–15,but the increased processing times enhance the depth little.Due to the oxygen entrainment and relatively low heat and mass transferring efficiency,the assisted gas promotes the formation of a scaled recast layer containingβ-Ti phase and oxides,which increases the roughness to 20μm.The WGL processed kerf has a low depth-to-width ratio with a value of 1.9–2.5 and the depth could be increased by increasing the WGL processing times.With the assistance of the water jet,the remelted debris and heat could be eliminated immediately,which restrains the formation of the recast layer and heat-affected zone.The ultrathin oxide outer layer with hundreds of nanometers and ultrafineα-Ti grain inner layer are formed on the surface,which decreases the roughness to 12μm.Compared with the as-received Ti-6Al-4V alloy,the microhardness of GAL processed kerf surface is increased to 382.8 HV accompanied by residual tensile stress,while the microhardness of WGL processed kerf surface is increased to 481.6 HV accompanying with residual compressive stress.In addition,the GAL processing increases the wear rate at room temperature but decreases the wear rate at high temperatures.Comparatively,the WGL processing decreases the wear rate at room and high temperatures,simultaneously.Such wear behaviors could be ascribed to their different superficial microstructures and phase constituents.展开更多
To explore wear mechanism of stainless steel used in nuclear pump, the wear properties and the worn surface characteristics of unlubricated 304L austenitic stainless steel on itself were investigated in air at room te...To explore wear mechanism of stainless steel used in nuclear pump, the wear properties and the worn surface characteristics of unlubricated 304L austenitic stainless steel on itself were investigated in air at room temperature. The experimental results demonstrated that the wear rate of the material decreased with the increase of the wear time. The friction coefficient fluctuated severely when the applied load was 120 N. At 120 N the wear rate was much higher than that of the applied load of 70 N. At 70 N the wear rate did not show much difference from that of 30 N. The wear mechanism was adhesive and abrasive wear under different load at the initial stage of the wear test. Then, the main wear mechanism changed with the wearing time and the applied load.展开更多
AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1-x)NbC(x=0,2.5,7.5,and 10 wt%,denoted as NbC0,NbC2.5,NbC7.5,and NbC10)high-entropy alloy(HEA)matrix composites were fabricated by mechanical alloying(MA)and spark plasma sintering(SPS)methods.The effect...AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1-x)NbC(x=0,2.5,7.5,and 10 wt%,denoted as NbC0,NbC2.5,NbC7.5,and NbC10)high-entropy alloy(HEA)matrix composites were fabricated by mechanical alloying(MA)and spark plasma sintering(SPS)methods.The effect of NbC content on the microstructures,Vickers hardness,and wear properties of AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) eutectic high entropy alloy(EHEA)was systematically investigated.The results indicate that the AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) alloy consisted of FCC,B2,Al_(2)O_(3),and Cr_(7)C_(3) phases,while the AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1-x)NbC(x>0)alloys consisted of FCC,NbC,Al_(2)O_(3),and Cr_(7)C_(3) phases.The AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1-x)NbC alloys exhibit excellent Vickers hardness with 679 HV,664 HV,677 HV,and 695 HV,respectively.In addition,with the addition of NbC,the average friction coefficient and wear rate of the AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1)-xNbC alloys decrease from 0.59 to 0.42 and from 1.5.10–5 mm^(3) N^(−1) m^(−1) to 2.4.10–6 mm^(3) N^(−1) m^(−1),respectively.Wherein,NbC10 alloy shows the smallest average friction coefficient of 0.42 and lowest wear rate of 2.4.10–6 mm^(3) N^(−1) m^(−1),indicating that the NbC10 alloy displays the best wear resistance.And the wear mechanism of the NbC10 alloy was oxidation wear accompanied by slight adhesive wear.展开更多
In this study,effects of B addition on the sintering densification,microstructure,hardness,friction and wear properties of sintered Fe-2.4C-4Cr-1Mo-0.5P-0.7Si-2.5Cu(in wt%)were investigated.In spite of the decreased s...In this study,effects of B addition on the sintering densification,microstructure,hardness,friction and wear properties of sintered Fe-2.4C-4Cr-1Mo-0.5P-0.7Si-2.5Cu(in wt%)were investigated.In spite of the decreased sintered density,the addition of B changes the phase composition of the materials and their ratio.Moreover,hardness of either the matrix or the liquid solidification structure dramatically increases.These changes in micro structure result in higher friction coefficient and lower wear loss.It is observed that the addition of0.1 wt%B offers the optimum friction and wear properties with a running-in period of only 30 s and wear volume loss of 0.006 mm^(3) under the testing conditions.Such friction and wear properties are superior to those of the other two widely used cam materials,cast iron and 45 steel.展开更多
The friction and wear behavior and mechanism as well as the mechanical properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with potassium titanate whiskers (PTW) and short carbon fibers (CF) under dry...The friction and wear behavior and mechanism as well as the mechanical properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with potassium titanate whiskers (PTW) and short carbon fibers (CF) under dry, wet and alkaline conditions were investigated. Experiments indicated that owing to appropriate cooling and boundary lubricating effects, the filled PTFE composites showed much lower frictional coefficient and better wear resistance under alkaline than dry and wet sliding conditions. The wear resistance of carbon-fiber-filled PTFE was much better than that of potassium titanate-whisker-filled PTFE composites in water. Results also showed that the transfer film on counterpart rings was significantly hindered by water and alkali. Hydrophilic-filler-reinforced PTFE composites yield higher wear rate when sliding under water.展开更多
文摘Fasteners of 718 alloys are used to set up connection between each support and other components for ITER system, metal-based Ag solid lubricant coating is widely used as an anti-seizure lubricant coating due to its strong low-temperature shear resistance. But the poor adhesion to the steel surfaces has been a critical restriction for applying the silver coatings to the practical machine elements. In this work, an 8-μm silver self-lubricating coating was deposited on the surface of 718 alloy by the method of magnetron sputtering. The coating was uniform, dense and consistent. The wear mechanism was investigated by analyzing the friction and wear properties of the coating. Stress is one of the important impacts on the friction coefficient, the results showed that it first increased and then decreased with the increase of pressure at room temperature and under vacuum. Temperature exerted an effect on the silver self-lubricating coating. A study was conducted under vacuum on the friction and wear performance of the coating at 300 K, 225 K, 155 K, and 77 K, respectively. The results showed that the wear mechanism and wear state varied under various low-temperature conditions, with the severity of wear reaching the maximum only at 225 K. Through the same silver coating process, the washer of superbolt was improved by silver coating treatment.
文摘The friction and wear properties of metal-plastic multilayer composites filled with glass fiber, which is treated with rare earth element surface modifier, under impact load and dry friction conditions were investigated. Experimental results show that the metal-plastic multilayer composite filled with glass fiber exhibits excellent friction and impact wear properties when using rare earth elements as surface modifier for the surface treatment of glass fiber.
基金the Open Subject of The State Key Laboratory of Heavy Duty AC Drive Electric Locomotive Systems Integration(No.172195100710)。
文摘Copper-graphite composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS)using coppercoated graphite powder.Hydrophobic surfaces were successfully constructed by chemical etching and surface treatment.The density,metallographic structure,microstructure,Shore hardness,resistivity,water contact angle,and friction/wear properties of the composites were investigated using the Archimedes drainage method,a metallographic microscope,a scanning electron microscope,a hardness tester,a resistometer,a surface science tester,and a friction tester.The results showed that the relative density and Shore hardness of the copper-graphite composites increased slightly from 90.04%and 56 HSD to 92.66%and 59 HSD,respectively,when the sintering temperature increased from 700 to 900℃.The copper and graphite phases in the copper-graphite composites were uniformly distributed with a continuous and network-like structure at various sintering temperatures.The interface between the copper and graphite was in good condition,without any obvious cracks or voids.The optimum process for hydrophobic surface construction included etching with a 1 mol/L K_(2)Cr_(2)O_(7)-H_(2)SO_(4)solution for 1 min,and soaking in a 0.09 mol/L cetylbenzene sulfonic acid alcohol solution for 1 h.The contact angle of the copper-graphite composite reached 130°.Hydrophobic treatment was beneficial for reducing the friction coefficient(from 0.18-0.19 to 0.13-0.15)and the wear rate(from 4.1-6.2×10^(-3)to 1.1-2.1×10^(-3)mm^(3)/(N·m)),demonstrating obvious antifriction and wear-resisting properties.The resistivities of the hydrophobic-treated samples increased slightly,from(4-8)×10^(-7)Ω·m to(5-15)×10^(-7)Ω·m,meeting the resistivity requirements of copper-graphite composite pantograph sliders and current receiver sliders in actual working conditions.
基金FundedbyKeyScientificandTechnologicalProjectofHubeiProvince (No .96 1 0 2 1 70 94 )
文摘The experiment of injection molding, Dais-simulating test, morphological structure investigation(Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were performed on mini-automobile spherical seat which was made of thermoplastic polyester elastomer(TPEE)and oiled polyoxymethylene(POM),respectively. The friction-wear properties between the frictionl pair of polymer spherical seat and metallic(iron)spherical pin were studied. The test results indicate that the antifriction property of TPEE is superior to that of POM, while its surface chemical effect is inferior to that of POM.
文摘The cellulosic bast fibers are recognized as a justifiable and biodegradable substitute for producing moderate strength polymer composite materials because of their characteristics of renewability,ecofriendliness,and higher specific strength.Hence the aim of this research work is to fabricate Himalayan bast fibers(Nettle fiber(NF)/bauhinia vahlii fiber(BF)) based mono/hybrid epoxy composites at varying weight percentage of 2-6 wt% and evaluate the physical(void fraction and water absorption),mechanical(tensile strength,flexural strength,hardness) and sliding wear properties of as-fabricated composites.The 6 wt% NBF reinforced composites exhibited higher mechanical properties as compared to NF and BF composites with tensile strength of 34.04 MPa,flexural strength of 42.45 MPa,and hardness of 37.01 Hv respectively.The influence of various control factors(sliding velocity,NF/BF/NBF contents,normal load and sliding distance) on specific sliding wear rate of composites was evaluated by Taguchi(three factors at three levels) experimental design and the percentage contribution of these selected parameters on sliding wear performance was examined by Analysis of variance(ANOVA).The sliding wear property of as-developed composites was found to be greatly influenced by sliding velocity and the wear resistance was observed to be improved with the NF/BF/NBF contents.The wear mechanism of the as-fabricated composites has been elucidated by scanning electron microscopy analysis.The research outcomes demonstrated that the hybridization of Bauhinia vahlii fiber with Nettle fiber led to improve the mechanical and wear properties of epoxy composites.
文摘Dry sliding friction and wear properties of A356/SiC composites against AISI D2 were analyzed by means of SEM,XRD and EDS.Results indicated that the wear rate of A356/SiC increased with increase of the applied load.Mild wear took place under lower load,transferring to severe wear at the load heavier than 400 N.Mechanical mixed layer(MML) formed on worn surface during dry sliding friction process,whose thickness became deeper with increasing load.Cracks formed easily in MML and spread transversely,resulting in peeling wear.The wear mechanism of the composite is that oxidation wear mechanism was dominant under low load,with the formation of tiny powdery debris.As the load enhanced,peeling wear was primary due to laminar debris detached from the MML,including oxidation and adhesive wear at the same time,with the load at 350-450 N,adhesive wear with irregular debris and peeling wear were predominant.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50971066)the Jiangsu Provincial'333'Project of training the Highlevel Talents Foundation(No.2008-46)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘In situ A356-x%PVF (particle volume fraction) ZrB2 ( x=1, 3, 5) composites were prepared via magneto-chemistry in situ reaction and the dry sliding wear properties of the composites were investigated. The experimental results show that ZrB2 reinforcement particle is obtained and its morphology mainly present in spherical and regular hexagon. Wear test results show that the values of wear weight loss of the composites decrease with the increase of value under a given sliding time and a certain load of 60 N. Especially, when x=5, the weight loss of the as-prepared composite is 43.1 mg, which is only 36.4% to that ofA356 alloy, 118 rag. The wear mechanism is changed from adhesion wear to adhesion wear and abrasive wear and then to abrasive wear with the increase of x value.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:51371077)Non-ferrous Metal Generic Technology of Henan Collaborative Innovation Center
文摘An adequate hardness of MoS2/Cu composites has not been achieved if these materials are applied under the extreme wear conditions. Therefore, Me-reinforced MoS2/Cu composites were prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M) methods. The electrical sliding wear properties in the absence or presence of Mereinforced MoS2/Cu composites were tested by HST-100 high speed electric-tribometer. The hardness, electrical conductivity, density, and microstmcture of MoS2/Cu composites were observed. Me-reinforcement MoS2/Cu composites are of good electrical conductivity, while the hardness of Mo-reinforcedment MoS2/Cu composites is about 33.3% higher than that of MoS2/Cu composites. With the addition of Me, composites show better wear properties under high speed and large electric current due to the improvement of hardness. The effects of current intensity and sliding velocity on the wear properties of the tested materials are complicated, and the wear mechanisms of MoS2/Cu composites are mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear with arc erosion.
文摘Thermal sprayed Ni-20wt. % Al coating is fabricated on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy substrates by twin-wire arc spraying (TWAS). Experimental results present that the average bonding strength is around 53 MPa and the average hardness reaches 325 HV. The Vickers microhardness of NiAl and Ni3Al intermetaUic compounds is larger than that of the substrate, which is beneficial for improving the wear property. Wear mechanism exhibits features of adhesive wear. Friction and wear test results indicate that the wet friction coefficient is higher than the coefficient of dry friction after 200 cycles, and variations of the wet friction coefficient are relatively smaller.
文摘To solve the problem of the severe mismatch between the product and roll materials in the preliminary rolling line,a new graphitic steel material was designed,its microstructure and high-temperature friction and wear properties were investigated.Moreover,the feasibility of replacing semi-steel with this new material in the V1 stand roll was studied herein.The results show that the graphitic steel matrix is strengthened by silicon and nickel elements.The presence of spherical graphite also provides self-lubrication and heat conduction and prevents the propagation of cracks.Carbides in the appropriate amount and size strengthen the matrix,reduce the cracking effect of the matrix,and are not easily broken,thereby reducing high-temperature abrasive wear.Under the same hightemperature friction and wear conditions,compared with semi-steel,the wear-scar surface of graphitic steel exhibits less wear-scar depth and wear volume,a smaller friction coefficient,reduced oxide layer thickness,and fewer instances of peeling and microcracks.Therefore,the newly designed graphitic steel has higher wear resistance and hot-crack resistance than semi-steel,which makes it feasible for use in replacing semi-steel as a new V1 frame roll material in the blooming mill.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 50875253)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No. BK2008127)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(NO.107054)
文摘The tribological properties of newly developed friction material were evaluated by statistical analysis of the major affecting factors.The material for investigation was non-metallic friction material synergistically reinforced with aramid fibre and CaSO 4 whisker,which was developed for hoisting applications in coal mine.The response surface method(RSM)was employed to analyze the material performances affected by the independent and interactive effect of the factors under the normal working condition and severe working condition,respectively.Results showed that under the normal working condition,the newly developed material exhibited stable tribological properties which were insensitive to the test conditions.While under the severe working condition,the sliding velocity was the most dominant factor affecting the friction coefficient.Additionally,compared to the commercially available material,the modified material showed superior wear resistance and thermal stability.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51805285,51605237)the projects of Shandong Province"Youth Innovation Science and Technology Support Plan"(2021KJ026)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(2018GGX103031)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021ME023)。
文摘The effects of Y_(2)O_(3) on the microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, hot corrosion resistance, and electrochemical corrosion behaviour of CoCrFeNiTiNb high entropy alloy coatings formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces were studied. The results show that the addition of Y_(2)O_(3) changes the proportion of the phase but does not change its type. The average grain size is only 1/4.7 of that of the high entropy alloy(HEA) coating, and the fine-grained strengthening leads to increases in the microhardness and wear resistance of 21.8% and 26.9%, respectively. The addition of Y_(2)O_(3) enhances the denseness and bonding properties of the oxide and corrosion product layers, reducing the oxidation and hot corrosion rates by 60.3% and 40.3%, respectively. The addition of Y_(2)O_(3) doubles the corrosion resistance which is attributed to the refinement of the grains, the increased proportion of HCP and TiN, and the weakening of galvanic coupling corrosion.
文摘The nitrogen-alloying hardfacing alloy of the martensitic stainless steel was deposited on a low carbon steel substrate using hardfacing flux-cored wire. Microstructure and surface hardness of hardfacing alloy were investigated and measured by optical microscope and microhardness tester. Carbonitrides of the hardfacing alloy were observed by electron probe. The wear behaviour of the hardfacing alloy was studied using the belt abrasion test apparatus and the worn surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that carbonitride particles in the hardfacing alloy are complex MX ( M: alloy elements ; X: C, N) precipitate with fine size. These carbonitride particles distributed homogeneously in the hardfacing alloy and had a good strengthening effect on the wear property. The wear property of the hardfacing alloy with nitrogen was better than the one without nitrogen.
文摘In this paper, Ni-based alloy composite coating reinforced by Ti (C, N) particles was fabricated on the mild steel through laser cladding technology. The microstrncture of laser cladding layer was analyzed by means of optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wear resistance test of the coating was evaluated using an M-2000 tester. The results showed that the Ni-based composite coating had an ability of rapid solidification to form dendritic crystals microstructure consisting of Ti ( C, N) particulates uniformly distributed in the matrix. It was found that some Ti( C,N) particles are similar to be round in shape, and the others are irregular. Laser cladding layer reinforced by Ti( C, N) particulates was found to possess good wear resistance property.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2017XKQY007)
文摘The microstructure, tensile property and wear resistance of 7075 aluminum matrix composite reinforced with TiC particles prepared by in-situ reaction casting were investigated. The effect of TiC reinforcement on wear behavior was analyzed. The wear mechanism was also discussed. A micro-mechanism model of reaction kinetics for synthesis of TiC was acquired. Results show that TiC could increase the tensile and yield strength, but decrease the elongation. Besides, TiC particles improve the property of wear resistance of 7075 aluminum alloy. The wear mechanisms include abrasive wear and adhesive wear in wear test process.
基金the financial support for this research by the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(No.2018YFC1106702)the Natural National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.51805525)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LY21E050018,LY18E050027)the Innovation Guidance Foun-dation of Innovation Academy for Light-duty Gas Turbine of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CXYJJ20-QN-10)the Zhejiang Basic Public Welfare Research Program(No.LGG20E050009)the Ningbo 2025 Major Science and Technology Project(No.2022Z013)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2020A1515011301,2019A1515110067,and 2020A1515110055)the Shenzhen Basic Research Project(Nos.JCYJ20210324120001003,JCYJ20200109144608205,and JCYJ20200109144604020).
文摘In the present research,the gas-assisted laser(GAL)and water-jet guided laser(WGL)processing technologies were applied to machine the ultrathin kerf in the wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy.The microstructure,microhardness,and wear properties of the superficial layer were investigated.The results reveal that the GAL processing could machine the kerf with a high depth-to-width ratio of 12–15,but the increased processing times enhance the depth little.Due to the oxygen entrainment and relatively low heat and mass transferring efficiency,the assisted gas promotes the formation of a scaled recast layer containingβ-Ti phase and oxides,which increases the roughness to 20μm.The WGL processed kerf has a low depth-to-width ratio with a value of 1.9–2.5 and the depth could be increased by increasing the WGL processing times.With the assistance of the water jet,the remelted debris and heat could be eliminated immediately,which restrains the formation of the recast layer and heat-affected zone.The ultrathin oxide outer layer with hundreds of nanometers and ultrafineα-Ti grain inner layer are formed on the surface,which decreases the roughness to 12μm.Compared with the as-received Ti-6Al-4V alloy,the microhardness of GAL processed kerf surface is increased to 382.8 HV accompanied by residual tensile stress,while the microhardness of WGL processed kerf surface is increased to 481.6 HV accompanying with residual compressive stress.In addition,the GAL processing increases the wear rate at room temperature but decreases the wear rate at high temperatures.Comparatively,the WGL processing decreases the wear rate at room and high temperatures,simultaneously.Such wear behaviors could be ascribed to their different superficial microstructures and phase constituents.
基金Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB724305)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-10-0278)
文摘To explore wear mechanism of stainless steel used in nuclear pump, the wear properties and the worn surface characteristics of unlubricated 304L austenitic stainless steel on itself were investigated in air at room temperature. The experimental results demonstrated that the wear rate of the material decreased with the increase of the wear time. The friction coefficient fluctuated severely when the applied load was 120 N. At 120 N the wear rate was much higher than that of the applied load of 70 N. At 70 N the wear rate did not show much difference from that of 30 N. The wear mechanism was adhesive and abrasive wear under different load at the initial stage of the wear test. Then, the main wear mechanism changed with the wearing time and the applied load.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020QE019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51901116)the China Postdoctoral Science Fund(No.2021M692724).
文摘AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1-x)NbC(x=0,2.5,7.5,and 10 wt%,denoted as NbC0,NbC2.5,NbC7.5,and NbC10)high-entropy alloy(HEA)matrix composites were fabricated by mechanical alloying(MA)and spark plasma sintering(SPS)methods.The effect of NbC content on the microstructures,Vickers hardness,and wear properties of AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) eutectic high entropy alloy(EHEA)was systematically investigated.The results indicate that the AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) alloy consisted of FCC,B2,Al_(2)O_(3),and Cr_(7)C_(3) phases,while the AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1-x)NbC(x>0)alloys consisted of FCC,NbC,Al_(2)O_(3),and Cr_(7)C_(3) phases.The AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1-x)NbC alloys exhibit excellent Vickers hardness with 679 HV,664 HV,677 HV,and 695 HV,respectively.In addition,with the addition of NbC,the average friction coefficient and wear rate of the AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1)-xNbC alloys decrease from 0.59 to 0.42 and from 1.5.10–5 mm^(3) N^(−1) m^(−1) to 2.4.10–6 mm^(3) N^(−1) m^(−1),respectively.Wherein,NbC10 alloy shows the smallest average friction coefficient of 0.42 and lowest wear rate of 2.4.10–6 mm^(3) N^(−1) m^(−1),indicating that the NbC10 alloy displays the best wear resistance.And the wear mechanism of the NbC10 alloy was oxidation wear accompanied by slight adhesive wear.
基金financially supported by the National High-tech R&D Program (No.2013AA031101)the Major Science and Technology Projects (No.2012ZX04009011)the Technology Project of Huairou District in Beijing (No.2017-8)。
文摘In this study,effects of B addition on the sintering densification,microstructure,hardness,friction and wear properties of sintered Fe-2.4C-4Cr-1Mo-0.5P-0.7Si-2.5Cu(in wt%)were investigated.In spite of the decreased sintered density,the addition of B changes the phase composition of the materials and their ratio.Moreover,hardness of either the matrix or the liquid solidification structure dramatically increases.These changes in micro structure result in higher friction coefficient and lower wear loss.It is observed that the addition of0.1 wt%B offers the optimum friction and wear properties with a running-in period of only 30 s and wear volume loss of 0.006 mm^(3) under the testing conditions.Such friction and wear properties are superior to those of the other two widely used cam materials,cast iron and 45 steel.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20676062, 20376032) National High-Tech Research Development Program (863 Program: 2003AA333010, 2006AA03Z455) Chinese National Fundamental Research Development Program (973 Program: 2003CB615700).
文摘The friction and wear behavior and mechanism as well as the mechanical properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with potassium titanate whiskers (PTW) and short carbon fibers (CF) under dry, wet and alkaline conditions were investigated. Experiments indicated that owing to appropriate cooling and boundary lubricating effects, the filled PTFE composites showed much lower frictional coefficient and better wear resistance under alkaline than dry and wet sliding conditions. The wear resistance of carbon-fiber-filled PTFE was much better than that of potassium titanate-whisker-filled PTFE composites in water. Results also showed that the transfer film on counterpart rings was significantly hindered by water and alkali. Hydrophilic-filler-reinforced PTFE composites yield higher wear rate when sliding under water.