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Engineering an ultrathin amorphous TiO2 layer for boosting the weatherability of TiO2 pigment with high lightening power 被引量:2
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作者 Yangyang Yu Kejing Wu +9 位作者 Shiyu Lu Kui Ma Shan Zhong Hegui Zhang Yingming Zhu Jing Guo Hairong Yue Changjun Liu Siyang Tang Bin Liang 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第11期2825-2834,共10页
TiO2 pigments are typically coated with inert layers to suppress the photocatalytic activity and improve the weatherability. However, the traditional inert layers have a lower refractive index compared to TiO2, and th... TiO2 pigments are typically coated with inert layers to suppress the photocatalytic activity and improve the weatherability. However, the traditional inert layers have a lower refractive index compared to TiO2, and therefore reduce the lightening power of TiO2. In the present work, a uniform, amorphous, 2.9-nm-thick TiO2 protective layer was deposited onto the surface of anatase TiO2 pigments according to pulsed chemical vapor deposition at room temperature, with Ti Cl4 as titanium precursor. Amorphous TiO2 coating layers exhibited poor photocatalytic activity, leading to a boosted weatherability. Similarly, this coating method is also effective for TiO2 coating with amorphous SiO2 and SnO2 layers. However, the lightening power of amorphous TiO2 layer is higher than those of amorphous SiO2 and SnO2 layers. According to the measurements of photoluminescence lifetime, surface photocurrent density, charge-transfer resistance, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy, it is revealed that the amorphous layer can prevent the migration of photogenerated electrons and holes onto the surface, decreasing the densities of surface electron and hole, and thereby suppress the photocatalytic activity. 展开更多
关键词 TIO2 pigments Pulsed chemical vapor deposition ULTRATHIN LAYER weatherability Lightening POWER Photocatalytic suppression mechanism
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Weatherability and heat resistance enhanced by interaction between AG25 and Mg/AI-LDH
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作者 Pei-Yao Yang Xiang-Cui Liu +10 位作者 Yu-Chao Wang Huan-Ran Zheng Jin-Xian Wang Jia-Yi Zheng Meng-Jie Liu Dan-Ni Deng Yu Bai Ying-Bi Chen Tong Zhang Zhi-Ming Liu Yong-Peng Lei 《Rare Metals》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期2758-2768,共11页
Although inorganic pigments in common spectral tuning materials show good weatherability and heat resistance,the limited color choices,weak coloring power,poor dispersibility,and a possibility of toxicity limit their ... Although inorganic pigments in common spectral tuning materials show good weatherability and heat resistance,the limited color choices,weak coloring power,poor dispersibility,and a possibility of toxicity limit their development.On the basis of organic pigments which possess a wide range of colors,high coloring power,good transparency,and high safety,herein,the modified pigment and biomimetic coating with improved weatherability,especially ultraviolet(UV)resistance(from 2 to 6 days),was achieved by intercalating acid green 25(AG25)pigment into Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides(Mg/Al-LDH).Furthermore,the heat resistance of AG25 was also significantly increased.Moreover,the spectral stability of pigments after heat treatment is superior with almost unchanged spectral profile and green reflection peak.The formation of strong N-H bonds and the S-M(Mg,Al)bonds between Mg/Al-LDH laminates and AG25 molecules contributes to the improvement.This work shows potential for biomimetic leaf materials in respect of reflective spectra stability. 展开更多
关键词 Layered double hydroxide BIOMIMETIC Acid green 25 INTERACTION weatherability Heat resistance
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Impact of mica on geotechnical behavior of weathered granitic soil using macro and micro investigations 被引量:1
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作者 Xianwei Zhang Xinyu Liu +3 位作者 Haodong Gao Gang Wang Ran An Zhu Liang 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第6期2250-2266,共17页
The micaceous weathered granitic soil(WGS)is frequently encountered in civil engineering worldwide,unfortunately little information is available regarding how mica affects the physico-mechanical behaviors of WGS.This ... The micaceous weathered granitic soil(WGS)is frequently encountered in civil engineering worldwide,unfortunately little information is available regarding how mica affects the physico-mechanical behaviors of WGS.This study prepares reconstituted WGS with different mica contents by removing natural mica in theWGS,and then mixes it with commercial mica powders.The geotechnical behavior as well as the microstructures of the mixtures are characterized.The addition of mica enables the physical indices of WGS to be specific combinations of coarser gradation and high permeability but high Atterberg limits.However,high mica content in WGS was found to be associated with undesirable mechanical properties,including increased compressibility,disintegration,and swelling potential,as well as poor compactability and low effective frictional angle.Microstructural analysis indicates that the influence of mica on the responses of mixtures originates from the intrinsic nature of mica as well as the particle packing being formed withinWGS.Mica exists in the mixture as stacks of plates that form a spongy structure with high compressibility and swelling potential.Pores among the plates give the soil high water retention and high Atterberg limits.Large pores are also generated by soil particles with bridging packing,which enhances the permeability and water-soil interactions upon immersion.This study provides a microlevel understanding of how mica dominates the behavior of WGS and provides new insights into the effective stabilization and improvement of micaceous soils. 展开更多
关键词 Weathered granitic soil(WGS) MICA Microstructure Physical properties Mechanical properties Mechanism
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Preface to the Special Issue:AI Applications in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science:Pioneering the Future(Part I)
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作者 Zhemin TAN 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第7期1279-1280,共2页
As AI continues to establish itself as a cornerstone technology across various industries and scientific disciplines,its profound impact on atmospheric and oceanic science is becoming increasingly apparent.The advanta... As AI continues to establish itself as a cornerstone technology across various industries and scientific disciplines,its profound impact on atmospheric and oceanic science is becoming increasingly apparent.The advantages of AI in surmounting obstacles within our field are undeniable,as evidenced by breakthroughs in weather forecasting(e.g.,Bi et al.,2023),climate prediction(e.g.,Ham et al.,2019),AI-based parameterization schemes(e.g.,Rasp et al.,2018;Wang and Tan,2023),and beyond.Recognizing the transformative potential of AI in atmospheric and oceanic science,this special issue endeavors to explore the extensive applications of AI in our domain. 展开更多
关键词 WEATHER forecasting PREDICTION
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Weathering and accumulation of trace elements in the soils of the Porali Plain, Balochistan: repercussions in agriculture
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作者 Maria Kaleem Erum Bashir +2 位作者 Shahid Naseem Tahir Rafique Bushra Shahab 《Acta Geochimica》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期214-234,共21页
This study is thefirst attempt to assess the nature of the soil,especially on the western side of the Porali Plain in Balochistan;a new emerging agriculture hub,using weathering and pollution indices supplemented by mu... This study is thefirst attempt to assess the nature of the soil,especially on the western side of the Porali Plain in Balochistan;a new emerging agriculture hub,using weathering and pollution indices supplemented by multi-variate analysis based on geochemical data.The outcomes of this study are expected to help farmers in soil manage-ment and selecting suitable crops for the region.Twenty-five soil samples were collected,mainly from the arable land of the Porali Plain.After drying and coning-quarter-ing,soil samples were analyzed for major and trace ele-ments using the XRF technique;sieving and hydrometric methods were employed for granulometric analysis.Esti-mated data were analyzed using Excel,SPSS,and Surfer software to calculate various indices,correlation matrix,and spatial distribution.The granulometric analysis showed that 76%of the samples belonged to loam types of soil,12%to sand type,and 8%to silt type.Weathering indices:CIA,CIW,PIA,PWI,WIP,CIX,and ICV were calculated to infer the level of alteration.These indices reflect mod-erate to intense weathering;supported by K_(2)O/AI_(2)O_(3),Rb/K_(2)O,Rb/Ti,and Rb/Sr ratios.Assessment of the geo-ac-cumulation and Nemerow Pollution indices pinpoint rela-tively high concentrations of Pb,Ni,and Cr concentration in the soils.The correlation matrix and Principal Compo-nent Analysis show that the soil in this study area is mainly derived from the weathering of igneous rocks of Bela Ophiolite(Cretaceous age)and Jurassic sedimentary rocks of Mor Range having SEDEX/MVT type mineralization.Weathering may result in the undesirable accumulation of certain trace elements which adversely affects crops. 展开更多
关键词 Weathering indices Pollution indices ACCUMULATION Repercussions Trace elements Multivariate analyses Porali Plain BALOCHISTAN
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2023: Weather and Climate Extremes Hitting the Globe with Emerging Features
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作者 Wenxia ZHANG Robin CLARK +12 位作者 Tianjun ZHOU Laurent LI Chao LI Juan RIVERA Lixia ZHANG Kexin GUI Tingyu ZHANG Lan LI Rongyun PAN Yongjun CHEN Shijie TANG Xin HUANG Shuai HU 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1001-1016,共16页
Globally,2023 was the warmest observed year on record since at least 1850 and,according to proxy evidence,possibly of the past 100000 years.As in recent years,the record warmth has again been accompanied with yet more... Globally,2023 was the warmest observed year on record since at least 1850 and,according to proxy evidence,possibly of the past 100000 years.As in recent years,the record warmth has again been accompanied with yet more extreme weather and climate events throughout the world.Here,we provide an overview of those of 2023,with details and key background causes to help build upon our understanding of the roles of internal climate variability and anthropogenic climate change.We also highlight emerging features associated with some of these extreme events.Hot extremes are occurring earlier in the year,and increasingly simultaneously in differing parts of the world(e.g.,the concurrent hot extremes in the Northern Hemisphere in July 2023).Intense cyclones are exacerbating precipitation extremes(e.g.,the North China flooding in July and the Libya flooding in September).Droughts in some regions(e.g.,California and the Horn of Africa)have transitioned into flood conditions.Climate extremes also show increasing interactions with ecosystems via wildfires(e.g.,those in Hawaii in August and in Canada from spring to autumn 2023)and sandstorms(e.g.,those in Mongolia in April 2023).Finally,we also consider the challenges to research that these emerging characteristics present for the strategy and practice of adaptation. 展开更多
关键词 weather and climate extremes temperature extremes extreme precipitation DROUGHT WILDFIRES
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A Discussion on the Flexible Regulation Capacity Requirements of China’s Power System
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作者 Qiang Zhao Yuqiong Zhang +3 位作者 Xiaoxin Zhou Ziwei Chen Huaguang Yan Honghua Yang 《Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期12-16,共5页
A high proportion of variable renewable energy(VRE)is one of the most significant characteristics of China’s future power system under the"dual carbon"target.However,wind and solar power units are more unco... A high proportion of variable renewable energy(VRE)is one of the most significant characteristics of China’s future power system under the"dual carbon"target.However,wind and solar power units are more uncontrollable and less supportive for power system stability than traditional thermal power units,due to their susceptibility to the weather and the grid connection of power electronics.Therefore,as the capacity and generation of VRE grow rapidly and even dominate the power structure,the power system’s ability to deal with disturbances will continue to decrease. 展开更多
关键词 WEATHER CONTINUE SUSCEPTIBILITY
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A Deep Learning Approach for Forecasting Thunderstorm Gusts in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
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作者 Yunqing LIU Lu YANG +3 位作者 Mingxuan CHEN Linye SONG Lei HAN Jingfeng XU 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第7期1342-1363,共22页
Thunderstorm gusts are a common form of severe convective weather in the warm season in North China,and it is of great importance to correctly forecast them.At present,the forecasting of thunderstorm gusts is mainly b... Thunderstorm gusts are a common form of severe convective weather in the warm season in North China,and it is of great importance to correctly forecast them.At present,the forecasting of thunderstorm gusts is mainly based on traditional subjective methods,which fails to achieve high-resolution and high-frequency gridded forecasts based on multiple observation sources.In this paper,we propose a deep learning method called Thunderstorm Gusts TransU-net(TGTransUnet)to forecast thunderstorm gusts in North China based on multi-source gridded product data from the Institute of Urban Meteorology(IUM)with a lead time of 1 to 6 h.To determine the specific range of thunderstorm gusts,we combine three meteorological variables:radar reflectivity factor,lightning location,and 1-h maximum instantaneous wind speed from automatic weather stations(AWSs),and obtain a reasonable ground truth of thunderstorm gusts.Then,we transform the forecasting problem into an image-to-image problem in deep learning under the TG-TransUnet architecture,which is based on convolutional neural networks and a transformer.The analysis and forecast data of the enriched multi-source gridded comprehensive forecasting system for the period 2021–23 are then used as training,validation,and testing datasets.Finally,the performance of TG-TransUnet is compared with other methods.The results show that TG-TransUnet has the best prediction results at 1–6 h.The IUM is currently using this model to support the forecasting of thunderstorm gusts in North China. 展开更多
关键词 thunderstorm gusts deep learning weather forecasting convolutional neural network TRANSFORMER
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Is the Cape Stone Forest in Shantou City formed by wave erosion? A comparison of the pedestal rocks on the coasts and the mountains of Queshi in eastern Guangdong, China
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作者 CHEN Min WANG Wei 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期1447-1463,共17页
Cape Stone Forest is a group of granite rock pillars(pedestal rocks) towering over Shilin Lake, on the southern shore of Shantou Bay in eastern Guangdong, China. The rock pillars were previously identified as sea stac... Cape Stone Forest is a group of granite rock pillars(pedestal rocks) towering over Shilin Lake, on the southern shore of Shantou Bay in eastern Guangdong, China. The rock pillars were previously identified as sea stacks because they have marine notch-like concave sidewalls at their base, and more importantly, the lake is immediately adjacent to the bay, which is exposed to the open sea. However, rock pillars similar in shape and size can also be found at the top of Queshi Mountain, which is only about 300 meters northwest of the lake and about 85 meters above sea level. Therefore, the marine origin of Cape Stone Forest is seriously questioned. In this study, 3D imagery and drone technology were used to collect data in the investigations without direct manual measurements in the water or on the mountain. It shows that the concave sidewalls of the rock pillars in the lake and on the mountains occur at different heights and are exposed to different directions, while a natural sea stack on Mayu Island at the mouth of Shantou Bay has a horizontal notch parallel to the sea level, although the granite rock of the sea stack is the same as that of the lake and the mountains. The eastern side of the island, where the sea stack is located, is exposed to the open sea but blocks large waves for the rock pillars in the lake. Therefore, the origin of Cape Stone Forest cannot be explained by wave-based mechanisms. The only satisfactory explanation that takes into account all the field evidence is that the narrow rock pillars of the lake and mountain were formed by chemical weathering that penetrated closely the spaced joints of the granite rock, and the notch-like concave sidewalls were formed by more effective chemical weathering at the base of the pillars. 展开更多
关键词 Pedestal rock GRANITE Closely spaced joints Wave erosion Chemical weathering
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Formation and growth of nanophase iron particles on the surface of Mercury revealed by experimental study
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作者 Ronghua Pang Yang Li +11 位作者 Chen Li Pengfei Zhang Zhuang Guo Sizhe Zhao Han Yu Li Wang Chenxi Zhu Shuangyu Wang Kairui Tai Qinwei Zhang Yuanyun Wen Rui Li 《Acta Geochimica》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期774-784,共11页
Space weathering is a primary factor in altering the composition and spectral characteristics of surface materials on airless planets.However,current research on space weathering focuses mainly on the Moon and certain... Space weathering is a primary factor in altering the composition and spectral characteristics of surface materials on airless planets.However,current research on space weathering focuses mainly on the Moon and certain types of asteroids.In particular,the impacts of meteoroids and micrometeoroids,radiation from solar wind/solar flares/cosmic rays,and thermal fatigue due to temperature variations are being studied.Space weathering produces various transformation products such as melted glass,amorphous layers,iron particles,vesicles,and solar wind water.These in turn lead to soil maturation,changes in visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra(weakening of characteristic absorption peaks,decreased reflectance,increased near-infrared slope),and alterations in magnetism(related to small iron particles),collectively termed the“lunar model”of space weathering transformation.Compared to the Moon and asteroids,Mercury has unique spatial environmental characteristics,including more intense meteoroid impacts and solar thermal radiation,as well as a weaker particle radiation environment due to the global distribution of its magnetic field.Therefore,the lunar model of space weathering may not apply to Mercury.Previous studies have extensively explored the eff ects of micrometeoroid impacts.Hence,this work focuses on the eff ects of solar-wind particle radiation in global magnetic-field distribution and on the weathering transformation of surface materials on Mercury under prolonged intense solar irradiation.Through the utilization of highvalence state,heavy ion implantation,and vacuum heating simulation experiments,this paper primarily investigates the weathering transformation characteristics of the major mineral components such as anorthite,pyroxene,and olivine on Mercury’s surface and compares them to the weathering transformation model of the Moon.The experimental results indicate that ion implantation at room temperature is insufficient to generate np-Fe^(0)directly but can facilitate its formation,while prolonged exposure to solar thermal radiation on Mercury’s surface can lead directly to the formation of np-Fe^(0).Therefore,intense solar thermal radiation is a crucial component of the unique space weathering transformation process on Mercury’s surface. 展开更多
关键词 MERCURY Space weathering Np-Fe^(0) Solar thermal radiation Solar wind
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Dynamic response and failure process of horizontal-layered fractured structure rock slope under strong earthquake
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作者 WANG Tong LIU Xianfeng +5 位作者 HOU Zhaoxu XU Jiahang ZHANG Jun YUAN Shengyang JIANG Guanlu HU Jinshan 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期882-900,共19页
Rock slope with horizontal-layered fractured structure(HLFS)has high stability in its natural state.However,a strong earthquake can induce rock fissure expansion,ultimately leading to slope failure.In this study,the d... Rock slope with horizontal-layered fractured structure(HLFS)has high stability in its natural state.However,a strong earthquake can induce rock fissure expansion,ultimately leading to slope failure.In this study,the dynamic response,failure mode,and spectral characteristics of rock slope with HLFS under strong earthquake conditions were investigated based on the large-scale shaking table model test.On this basis,multiple sets of numerical calculation models were further established by UDEC discrete element program.Five influencing factors were considered in the parametric study of numerical simulations,including slope height,slope angle,bedding-plane spacing and secondary joint spacing as well as bedrock dip angle.The results showed that the failure process of rock slope with HLFS under earthquake action is mainly divided into four phases,i.e.,the tensile crack of the slope shoulder joints and shear dislocation at the top bedding plane,the extension of vertical joint cracks and increase of shear displacement,the formation of step-through sliding surfaces and the instability,and finally collapse of fractured rock mass.The acceleration response of slopes exhibits elevation amplification effect and surface effect.Numerical simulations indicate that the seismic stability of slopes with HLFS exhibits a negative correlation with slope height and angle,but a positive correlation with bedding-plane spacing,joint spacing,and bedrock dip angle.The results of this study can provide a reference for seismic stability evaluation of weathered rock slopes. 展开更多
关键词 Seismic behavior Horizontal layered Weathered rock slope Shaking table test Failure mode
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Changes in the adult sex ratio of six duck species breeding populations over two decades
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作者 Monika Homolkova Petr Musil +4 位作者 Diego Pavon-Jordan Dorota Gajdosova Zuzana Musilova Sarka Neuzilova Jan Zouhar 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期202-210,共9页
Despite all efforts,long-term changes in the adult sex ratios of breeding duck populations are still unclear;this uncertainty is especially true for male-bias populations,which are often under the scrutiny of research... Despite all efforts,long-term changes in the adult sex ratios of breeding duck populations are still unclear;this uncertainty is especially true for male-bias populations,which are often under the scrutiny of researchers lacking convenient results for the active protection of endangered species.Species with male-bias populations are usually strongly affected by a decline in population size that leads to a higher extinction risk.In this study,we examined our long-term data of the abundance of breeding populations in six duck species(Mallard Anas platyrhynchos,Gadwall Mareca strepera,Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina,Common Pochard Aythya ferina,Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula,and Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula)from fishponds in South Bohemia,Czechia,between 2004 and 2022.This evidence was used to assess long-term changes in the adult sex ratio in these breeding populations and investigate the possible effects of the NAO index(North Atlantic Oscillation index)on them,indicating climate conditions in winter.We determined a long-term decrease of the proportion of females in the breeding season in two of the six examined species:Common Pochard and Red-crested Pochard,which is driven by the long-term increase in the number of males in contrast to the decreasing or stable number of females likely caused by different migration behaviours between females and males.In the case of Common Pochard,in breeding populations,we estimated 60-65%of males in the early 2000s rising to 75-80%in the early 2020s.However,we establish no significant effects linked to climate conditions of the previous winter in these species as a crucial cause of the changes of the proportion of females in the breeding population. 展开更多
关键词 Adult sex ratio Breeding population Population dynamics Red-listed species WATERFOWL Winter weather conditions
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Stress-assisted corrosion mechanism of 3Ni steel by using gradient boosting decision tree machining learning method
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作者 Xiaojia Yang Jinghuan Jia +5 位作者 Qing Li Renzheng Zhu Jike Yang Zhiyong Liu Xuequn Cheng Xiaogang Li 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1311-1321,共11页
Traditional 3Ni weathering steel cannot completely meet the requirements for offshore engineering development,resulting in the design of novel 3Ni steel with the addition of microalloy elements such as Mn or Nb for st... Traditional 3Ni weathering steel cannot completely meet the requirements for offshore engineering development,resulting in the design of novel 3Ni steel with the addition of microalloy elements such as Mn or Nb for strength enhancement becoming a trend.The stress-assisted corrosion behavior of a novel designed high-strength 3Ni steel was investigated in the current study using the corrosion big data method.The information on the corrosion process was recorded using the galvanic corrosion current monitoring method.The gradi-ent boosting decision tree(GBDT)machine learning method was used to mine the corrosion mechanism,and the importance of the struc-ture factor was investigated.Field exposure tests were conducted to verify the calculated results using the GBDT method.Results indic-ated that the GBDT method can be effectively used to study the influence of structural factors on the corrosion process of 3Ni steel.Dif-ferent mechanisms for the addition of Mn and Cu to the stress-assisted corrosion of 3Ni steel suggested that Mn and Cu have no obvious effect on the corrosion rate of non-stressed 3Ni steel during the early stage of corrosion.When the corrosion reached a stable state,the in-crease in Mn element content increased the corrosion rate of 3Ni steel,while Cu reduced this rate.In the presence of stress,the increase in Mn element content and Cu addition can inhibit the corrosion process.The corrosion law of outdoor-exposed 3Ni steel is consistent with the law based on corrosion big data technology,verifying the reliability of the big data evaluation method and data prediction model selection. 展开更多
关键词 weathering steel stress-assisted corrosion gradient boosting decision tree machining learning
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Non-crossing Quantile Regression Neural Network as a Calibration Tool for Ensemble Weather Forecasts
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作者 Mengmeng SONG Dazhi YANG +7 位作者 Sebastian LERCH Xiang'ao XIA Gokhan Mert YAGLI Jamie M.BRIGHT Yanbo SHEN Bai LIU Xingli LIU Martin Janos MAYER 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第7期1417-1437,共21页
Despite the maturity of ensemble numerical weather prediction(NWP),the resulting forecasts are still,more often than not,under-dispersed.As such,forecast calibration tools have become popular.Among those tools,quantil... Despite the maturity of ensemble numerical weather prediction(NWP),the resulting forecasts are still,more often than not,under-dispersed.As such,forecast calibration tools have become popular.Among those tools,quantile regression(QR)is highly competitive in terms of both flexibility and predictive performance.Nevertheless,a long-standing problem of QR is quantile crossing,which greatly limits the interpretability of QR-calibrated forecasts.On this point,this study proposes a non-crossing quantile regression neural network(NCQRNN),for calibrating ensemble NWP forecasts into a set of reliable quantile forecasts without crossing.The overarching design principle of NCQRNN is to add on top of the conventional QRNN structure another hidden layer,which imposes a non-decreasing mapping between the combined output from nodes of the last hidden layer to the nodes of the output layer,through a triangular weight matrix with positive entries.The empirical part of the work considers a solar irradiance case study,in which four years of ensemble irradiance forecasts at seven locations,issued by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,are calibrated via NCQRNN,as well as via an eclectic mix of benchmarking models,ranging from the naïve climatology to the state-of-the-art deep-learning and other non-crossing models.Formal and stringent forecast verification suggests that the forecasts post-processed via NCQRNN attain the maximum sharpness subject to calibration,amongst all competitors.Furthermore,the proposed conception to resolve quantile crossing is remarkably simple yet general,and thus has broad applicability as it can be integrated with many shallow-and deep-learning-based neural networks. 展开更多
关键词 ensemble weather forecasting forecast calibration non-crossing quantile regression neural network CORP reliability diagram POST-PROCESSING
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Assimilating FY-4A AGRI Radiances with a Channel-Sensitive Cloud Detection Scheme for the Analysis and Forecasting of Multiple Typhoons
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作者 Feifei SHEN Aiqing SHU +4 位作者 Zhiquan LIU Hong LI Lipeng JIANG Tao ZHANG Dongmei XU 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第5期937-958,共22页
This paper presents an attempt at assimilating clear-sky FY-4A Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager(AGRI)radiances from two water vapor channels for the prediction of three landfalling typhoon events over the West... This paper presents an attempt at assimilating clear-sky FY-4A Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager(AGRI)radiances from two water vapor channels for the prediction of three landfalling typhoon events over the West Pacific Ocean using the 3DVar data assimilation(DA)method along with the WRF model.A channel-sensitive cloud detection scheme based on the particle filter(PF)algorithm is developed and examined against a cloud detection scheme using the multivariate and minimum residual(MMR)algorithm and another traditional cloud mask–dependent cloud detection scheme.Results show that both channel-sensitive cloud detection schemes are effective,while the PF scheme is able to reserve more pixels than the MMR scheme for the same channel.In general,the added value of AGRI radiances is confirmed when comparing with the control experiment without AGRI radiances.Moreover,it is found that the analysis fields of the PF experiment are mostly improved in terms of better depicting the typhoon,including the temperature,moisture,and dynamical conditions.The typhoon track forecast skill is improved with AGRI radiance DA,which could be explained by better simulating the upper trough.The impact of assimilating AGRI radiances on typhoon intensity forecasts is small.On the other hand,improved rainfall forecasts from AGRI DA experiments are found along with reduced errors for both the thermodynamic and moisture fields,albeit the improvements are limited. 展开更多
关键词 FY-4A AGRI radiance particle filter multiple typhoons data assimilation numerical weather prediction
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Automatic Generation of Artificial Space Weather Forecast Product Based on Sequence-to-sequence Model
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作者 罗冠霆 ZOU Yenan CAI Yanxia 《空间科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期80-94,共15页
Both analyzing a large amount of space weather observed data and alleviating personal experience bias are significant challenges in generating artificial space weather forecast products.With the use of natural languag... Both analyzing a large amount of space weather observed data and alleviating personal experience bias are significant challenges in generating artificial space weather forecast products.With the use of natural language generation methods based on the sequence-to-sequence model,space weather forecast texts can be automatically generated.To conduct our generation tasks at a fine-grained level,a taxonomy of space weather phenomena based on descriptions is presented.Then,our MDH(Multi-Domain Hybrid)model is proposed for generating space weather summaries in two stages.This model is composed of three sequence-to-sequence-based deep neural network sub-models(one Bidirectional Auto-Regressive Transformers pre-trained model and two Transformer models).Then,to evaluate how well MDH performs,quality evaluation metrics based on two prevalent automatic metrics and our innovative human metric are presented.The comprehensive scores of the three summaries generating tasks on testing datasets are 70.87,93.50,and 92.69,respectively.The results suggest that MDH can generate space weather summaries with high accuracy and coherence,as well as suitable length,which can assist forecasters in generating high-quality space weather forecast products,despite the data being starved. 展开更多
关键词 Space weather Deep learning Data-to-text Natural language generation
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Metallurgical performance evaluation of space-weathered Chang’e-5 lunar soil
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作者 Chen Li Wenhui Ma +1 位作者 Yang Li Kuixian Wei 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1241-1248,共8页
Space metallurgy is an interdisciplinary field that combines planetary space science and metallurgical engineering.It involves systematic and theoretical engineering technology for utilizing planetary resources in sit... Space metallurgy is an interdisciplinary field that combines planetary space science and metallurgical engineering.It involves systematic and theoretical engineering technology for utilizing planetary resources in situ.However,space metallurgy on the Moon is challenging because the lunar surface has experienced space weathering due to the lack of atmosphere and magnetic field,making the mi-crostructure of lunar soil differ from that of minerals on the Earth.In this study,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed on Chang’e-5 powder lunar soil samples.The microstructural characteristics of the lunar soil may drastically change its metallurgical performance.The main special structure of lunar soil minerals include the nanophase iron formed by the impact of micrometeorites,the amorphous layer caused by solar wind injection,and radiation tracks modified by high-energy particle rays inside mineral crystals.The nanophase iron presents a wide distribution,which may have a great impact on the electromagnetic prop-erties of lunar soil.Hydrogen ions injected by solar wind may promote the hydrogen reduction process.The widely distributed amorph-ous layer and impact glass can promote the melting and diffusion process of lunar soil.Therefore,although high-energy events on the lun-ar surface transform the lunar soil,they also increase the chemical activity of the lunar soil.This is a property that earth samples and tradi-tional simulated lunar soil lack.The application of space metallurgy requires comprehensive consideration of the unique physical and chemical properties of lunar soil. 展开更多
关键词 space metallurgy Chang’e-5 lunar soil space weathering metallurgical performance
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A deep multimodal fusion and multitasking trajectory prediction model for typhoon trajectory prediction to reduce flight scheduling cancellation
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作者 TANG Jun QIN Wanting +1 位作者 PAN Qingtao LAO Songyang 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期666-678,共13页
Natural events have had a significant impact on overall flight activity,and the aviation industry plays a vital role in helping society cope with the impact of these events.As one of the most impactful weather typhoon... Natural events have had a significant impact on overall flight activity,and the aviation industry plays a vital role in helping society cope with the impact of these events.As one of the most impactful weather typhoon seasons appears and continues,airlines operating in threatened areas and passengers having travel plans during this time period will pay close attention to the development of tropical storms.This paper proposes a deep multimodal fusion and multitasking trajectory prediction model that can improve the reliability of typhoon trajectory prediction and reduce the quantity of flight scheduling cancellation.The deep multimodal fusion module is formed by deep fusion of the feature output by multiple submodal fusion modules,and the multitask generation module uses longitude and latitude as two related tasks for simultaneous prediction.With more dependable data accuracy,problems can be analysed rapidly and more efficiently,enabling better decision-making with a proactive versus reactive posture.When multiple modalities coexist,features can be extracted from them simultaneously to supplement each other’s information.An actual case study,the typhoon Lichma that swept China in 2019,has demonstrated that the algorithm can effectively reduce the number of unnecessary flight cancellations compared to existing flight scheduling and assist the new generation of flight scheduling systems under extreme weather. 展开更多
关键词 flight scheduling optimization deep multimodal fusion multitasking trajectory prediction typhoon weather flight cancellation prediction reliability
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Ordovician reservoirs in Fuxian area:Gas accumulation patterns and their implications for the exploration of lower Paleozoic carbonates in the southern Ordos Basin
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作者 Ning Gu Juntao Zhang +2 位作者 Xiaohui Jin Fei Yang Lu Liu 《Energy Geoscience》 EI 2024年第1期63-71,共9页
In recent years,the Fuxian area in the southeastern Ordos Basin has undergone significant exploration,with industrial gas flow tested in wells drilled into the Ordovician marine carbonates.Despite this,the gas accumul... In recent years,the Fuxian area in the southeastern Ordos Basin has undergone significant exploration,with industrial gas flow tested in wells drilled into the Ordovician marine carbonates.Despite this,the gas accumulation patterns of this area are not fully understood,posing challenges for further exploration.Our analysis of geological conditions indicates that the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in this area hosts two gas plays:one found in weathering crusts and the other found in interior of the formation.We investigated various typical gas reservoirs in the area,focusing on differentiating the geological conditions and factors controlling gas accumulation in the weathering-crust and interior gas reservoirs.The results suggest three primary gas accumulation patterns in the Majiagou Formation in the Fuxian area:(1)upper gas accumulation in weathering crusts,present in the high parts of landforms such as residual paleo-hills or buried paleo-platform(Pattern I);(2)the stereoscopic pattern with gas accumulation in both weathering crusts and strata interior,arising in high parts of landforms such as residual paleo-hills or buried paleo-platforms(Pattern II);(3)lower gas accumulation in strata interior,occurring in the upper reaches and on both sides of paleo-trenches(Pattern III).This study will serve as a geological basis for future exploration deployment in the Fuxian area. 展开更多
关键词 Gas accumulation ORDOVICIAN Weathering crust play Interior play Fuxian area The ordos basin
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Digital monitoring of rotary-percussive drilling with down-the-hole hammer for profiling weathered granitic ground
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作者 Wendal Victor Yue Siyuan Wu +2 位作者 Manchao He Yafei Qiao Zhongqi Quentin Yue 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期1615-1636,共22页
Rock and geotechnical engineering investigations involve drilling holes in ground with or without retrieving soil and rock samples to construct the subsurface ground profile.On the basis of an actual soil nailing dril... Rock and geotechnical engineering investigations involve drilling holes in ground with or without retrieving soil and rock samples to construct the subsurface ground profile.On the basis of an actual soil nailing drilling for a slope stability project in Hong Kong,this paper further develops the drilling process monitoring(DPM)method for digitally profiling the subsurface geomaterials of weathered granitic rocks using a compressed airflow driven percussive-rotary drilling machine with down-the-hole(DTH)hammer.Seven transducers are installed on the drilling machine and record the chuck displacement,DTH rotational speed,and five pressures from five compressed airflows in real-time series.The mechanism and operations of the drilling machine are elaborated in detail,which is essential for understanding and evaluating the drilling data.A MATLAB program is developed to automatically filter the recorded drilling data in time series and classify them into different drilling processes in sub-time series.These processes include penetration,push-in with or without rod,pull-back with or without rod,rod-tightening and rod-untightening.The drilling data are further reconstructed to plot the curve of drill-bit depth versus the net drilling time along each of the six drillholes.Each curve is found to contain multiple linear segments with a constant penetration rate,which implies a zone of homogenous geomaterial with different weathering grades.The effect from fluctuation of the applied pressures is evaluated quantitatively.Detailed analyses are presented for accurately assess and verify the underground profiling and strength in weathered granitic rock,which provided the basis of using DPM method to confidently assess drilling measurements to interpret the subsurface profile in real time. 展开更多
关键词 Drilling process monitoring(DPM) Down-the-hole(DTH)hammer Percussive-rotary drilling Weathering granitic rocks
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