Multi-Layer Feature Extraction with Deformable Convolution for Fabric Defect Detection

In the textile industry,the presence of defects on the surface of fabric is an essential factor in determining fabric quality.Therefore,identifying fabric defects forms a crucial part of the fabric production process.Traditional fabric defect detection algorithms can only detect specific materials and specific fabric defect types;in addition,their detection efficiency is low,and their detection results are relatively poor.Deep learning-based methods have many advantages in the field of fabric defect detection,however,such methods are less effective in identifying multiscale fabric defects and defects with complex shapes.Therefore,we propose an effective algorithm,namely multilayer feature extraction combined with deformable convolution(MFDC),for fabric defect detection.In MFDC,multi-layer feature extraction is used to fuse the underlying location features with high-level classification features through a horizontally connected top-down architecture to improve the detection of multi-scale fabric defects.On this basis,a deformable convolution is added to solve the problem of the algorithm’s weak detection ability of irregularly shaped fabric defects.In this approach,Roi Align and Cascade-RCNN are integrated to enhance the adaptability of the algorithm in materials with complex patterned backgrounds.The experimental results show that the MFDC algorithm can achieve good detection results for both multi-scale fabric defects and defects with complex shapes,at the expense of a small increase in detection time.

Multi-layer phenomena in petawatt laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions

Laser-accelerated high-flux-intensity heavy-ion beams are important for new types of accelerators.A particle-in-cell program(Smilei) is employed to simulate the entire process of Station of Extreme Light(SEL) 100 PW laser-accelerated heavy particles using different nanoscale short targets with a thickness of 100 nm Cr, Fe, Ag, Ta, Au, Pb, Th and U, as well as 200 nm thick Al and Ca. An obvious stratification is observed in the simulation. The layering phenomenon is a hybrid acceleration mechanism reflecting target normal sheath acceleration and radiation pressure acceleration, and this phenomenon is understood from the simulated energy spectrum,ionization and spatial electric field distribution. According to the stratification, it is suggested that high-quality heavy-ion beams could be expected for fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy nuclei. Two plasma clusters in the stratification are observed simultaneously, which suggest new techniques for plasma experiments as well as thinner metal targets in the precision machining process.

Modeling Locking Angle of the Multi-layered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric in Shear Deformation

This paper introduces the construction of the multi-layered biaxial weft knitted fabric （MBWK fabric） and studies the locking angle of this kind of fabric. Moreover, a locking angle model of the MBWK fabric is established for the first time according to its unique construction. Two kinds of locking angles are considered under different restraint conditions: the locking angle θ1 controlled by the inserting yarns and the locking angle θ2 controlled by the stitch yarns. It is concluded that the ultimate value of the locking angle θ is the larger one of the two angles.

Effect of Phase Change Materials on the Thermal Protective Performance of the Multi-layered Fabrics Examined by TPP Tester under Flash Fire

Cotton fabrics treated with phase change materials( PCMs)were used in multi-layered fabrics of the fire fighter protective clothing to study its effect on thermal protection. The thermal protective performance( TPP) of the multi-layered fabrics was measured by a TPP tester under flash fire. Results showed that the utilization of the PCM fabrics improved the thermal protective performance of the multi-layered fabrics. The fabric with a PCM add on of 41. 9% increased the thermal protection by 50. 6% and reduced the time to reach a second degree burn by 8. 4 s compared with the reference fabrics( without PCMs). The employment of the PCM fabrics also reduced the blackened areas on the inner layers. The PCM fabrics with higher PCM melting temperature could bring higher thermal protective performance.

The Impact of Fabric Weave and Anisotropy on the Poisson’s Ratio in Technical Fabrics

Poisson’s ratio changes during the tensile stress of technical fabric samples due to the anisotropy of technical fabrics.This paper examines the effects of the type of weave and the anisotropic characteristics of the technical fabric on maximum tensile force,corresponding elongation,work-to-maximum force,elasticity modulus,and Poisson’s ratio when axial tensile forces are applied to samples cut at various angles in the direction of the weft yarns of the technical fabric.In the lab,3 cotton fabric samples of constant warp and weft density with different structural weave types(plain weave,twill weave,atlas weave)were subjected to the tensile force until they broke at the following angles:0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75°,90°.Based on the different measured values of technical fabric stretching in the longitudinal direction and lateral narrowing,Poisson’s ratio is calculated.The Poisson’s ratio was calculated up to a relative elongation of the fabric of 8%,as the buckling of the fabric occurs according to this elongation value.According to the results presented in this paper,the type of weave of the fabric,the direction of tensile force,and the relative narrowing of the technical fabrics all play important roles in the Poisson’s ratio value.The Poisson’s ratio curve of a technical fabric under tensile stress(i.e.elongation)is primarily determined by its behaviour in the opposite direction of the elongation.The change in the value of the Poisson’s ratio is represented by a graph that first increases nonlinearly and then decreases after reaching its maximum value.

A STUDY ON THE RAW MATERIAL, STRUCTURE AND WEAVING INSTRUMENTS OF FABRICS BEFORE THE WEST ZHOU DYNASTY

In this paper, based on literature of relics of typical fabrics before the West Zhou unearthed in China till now, the weaving technology, including the raw material, the fabic structure, and the weaving instruments of that period was synthetically studied. The wooden loom parts unearthed in the Hemudu ruin, Zhejiang Prov. were studied with reference to the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells as well as the characters casted on bronze objects, denoting the weaving instruments of pre-Zhou pcriod. The results show that, all the main natural fibres were utilized, all simple and combined weaves except the satin weave had appeared, and the weaving instruments might include the ground loom with 3 or 4 points support, besides the breast loom already reported.

Influence of Weave Structures on the Tribological Properties of Hybrid Kevlar/PTFE Fabric Composites

The existing research of the woven fabric self-lubricating liner mainly focus on the tribological performance improvements and the service life raised by changing different fiber type combinations, adding additive modification, and performing fiber surface modification. As fabric composites, the weave structures play an important role in the mechanical and tribological performances of the liners. However, hardly any literature is available on the friction and wear behavior of such composites with different weave structures. In this paper, three weave structures （plain, twill 1/3 and satin 8/5） of hybrid Kevlar/PTFE fabric composites are selected and pin-on-flat linear reciprocating wear studies are done on a CETR tester under different pressures and different frequencies. The relationship between the tensile strength and the wear performance are studied. The morphologies of the worn surfaces under the typical test conditions are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The analysis results show that at 10 MPa, satin 8/5 performs the best in friction-reduction and antiwear performance, and plain is the worst. At 30 MPa, however, the antiwear performance is reversed and satin 8/5 does not even complete the 2 h wear test at 16 Hz. There is no clear evidence proving that the tensile strength has an influence on the wear performance. So the different tribological performance of the three weave structures of fabric composites may be attributed to the different PTFE proportions in the fabric surface and the different wear mechanisms. The fabric composites are divided into three regions： the lubrication region, the reinforced region and the bonding region. The major mechanisms are fatigue wear and the shear effects of the friction force in the lubrication region. In the reinforced region fiber-matrix de-bonding and fiber breakage are involved. The proposed research proposes a regional wear model and further indicates the wear process and the wear mechanism of fabric composites.

STUDY ON THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR FABRIC WEAVE DESIGN AND ITS APPLICATIONS

In the light of the mapping between[0,1]matrixes of fab-ric weaves,we establish in this paper a mathematical modelfor fabric weave design- One type of non- associative al-gebra composed of 7 basic transformations in a 2- elementfield.In view of practice,we expand the generative set ofmapping of this matematical model to cover the generaltransformation methods in traditional weave design.Takingthe algorethm of" Kronecker product" as an example,wefurthermore illustrate applied potentialities of the generativeset of mapping in the CAD of fabic weaves.

Manufacture of Single Cotton Fabric with New Composition, Specified Bend from Yarn Gathered from Local Raw Material Cotton Fiber

The article created 21 types of fabrics for the new composition of dublerin. Tests of various types of weave, fiber composition and yarn count are shown in various ways. The physical and mechanical parameters of the test samples were determined and analyzed at the “Accredited Testing Laboratory for Light Industry Products” at the State Unitary Enterprise “Namangan Center for Testing and Certification”. The reason for such a low performance of the motos of number 15 produced in the scientific research work is that the linear densities of the body and the yarn are four times different, despite the weaving of the fabric. Elongation at break is also dependent on penetration.

Janus织物的结构设计及其单向导湿性能

针对传统单向导湿Janus织物制备方法生产效率低、稳定性差等问题,利用存在润湿性差异的莫代尔和涤纶2种纤维构建Janus织物,探究接结点数量、织物组织等结构参数对Janus织物基础性能和单向导湿性能的影响规律。结果表明:莫代尔纤维和涤纶纤维通过机织法可以制备Janus织物;随着接结点数量的增加,织物的单向导湿性能降低;平纹组织的单向导湿效果优于2/2纬重平、2/2斜纹组织;接结点数量为1,两侧均为平纹组织时Janus织物的单向传递指数可达382.72,单向导湿性能相对最优。

基于印花效果的四色经提花面料产品研发

为研发具有印花效果的四色经提花面料新产品,对产品的花稿设计、纱线配置和编织工艺3方面内容进行了研究与实践。通过设计合适的花稿图案,选用5.56tex/36f的加捻涤纶低弹色纱,色彩分别为红、蓝、黄、黑4种颜色的纱线作为经纱,8.33tex/72f的白色或黑色涤纶色纱作为纬纱,运用重经组织结构使这4种不同颜色经纱形成不同的浮长,利用经纱混色配置的方式实现花稿图案的丰富色彩,研发出色彩丰富且立体感强、面密度轻、环保性能好、具有印花效果的轻薄型提花面料。

抗菌热湿舒适复合功能服用面料的性能

为开发热湿条件下穿着健康舒适的抗菌服用面料,以桑蚕丝为经纱,蜂窝抗菌涤纶纤维、天丝、蜂窝抗紫外涤纶纤维、蜂窝玉石涤纶纤维等混纺为纬纱,通过改变纬纱种类、织物组织及纬密等设计并试织了A、B两个系列共16种织物;并对其吸湿速干、抗菌与热传递性能等进行测试,运用模糊综合分析法对其抗菌性能、热湿舒适性进行评价。结果表明:当纬纱中含有天丝成分时织物吸湿速干性能更佳,随着织物组织浮长变短、纬密增大,其吸湿速干性能整体呈下降趋势;织物具有优良的抗菌性,纬纱中蜂窝抗菌涤纶纤维含量越高,织物抗菌性能越好。织物热阻随着纬纱中天丝含量增加而减小,当含有蜂窝玉石涤纶纤维时织物热传递性能最佳;组织浮长更短的织物热传递性能更优。模糊综合分析结果表明,A系列中以天丝蜂窝抗菌涤纶纤维蜂窝抗紫外涤纶纤维(306010)为纬纱并以16枚加强纬缎织造的织物抗菌热湿舒适性能最佳,B系列中纬密为46根cm时织物抗菌热湿舒适性能最佳。

变化蜂巢织物基压力传感器的制备及性能研究

为改善织物基柔性压力传感器的灵敏度、响应性和稳定性,通过机织结构设计将微结构引入棉织物中,织造了具有圆顶形微表面结构的变化蜂巢组织织物。以变化蜂巢织物、炭黑(CB)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,采用浸烘法制备了不同的传感织物。测试了炭黑质量分数与传感器电阻的关系,并对制备的传感器结构形貌和力学传感性能进行表征,探讨其在人体运动监测中的应用。结果表明:在炭黑质量分数为5%时,传感器电阻降至20 kΩ/cm,制备的传感器具有较高的灵敏度,较小的迟滞性,在不同压力和压缩速率条件下均能保持良好的稳定性、重复性及耐用性。认为:制备的传感器可以应用于人体运动监测,包括手指按压、指关节、手腕和肘关节弯曲运动等。

基于印织工艺的图案变形问题研究

为了解决印织工艺中规整图案难控制的问题,选择不同织物组织结构与纱线密度为实验探究变量,通过在织机上进行丝网印花探究图案变形规律,并进行4个系列产品设计实践。结果表明:在相同纱线密度条件下,平纹、斜纹、缎纹组织纬向尺寸织造前后基本不变,但经向尺寸上,平纹变化较大(12.80%~14.50%),5枚3飞缎纹图案变化较小(8.50%~9.00%),2上2下斜纹变化波动范围也相对较小(10.25%~10.33%);同一纬密及组织结构下,经密为346根/(10 cm)时,纬向尺寸变化较大,且纬向尺寸与经向尺寸数据稳定性较差;经密为504根/(10 cm)和583根/(10 cm)时,纬向尺寸接近设定值且数据稳定;经向尺寸波动与经密成正相关性。通过研究与设计实践,根据不同织物组织结构及经纬密选取织缩率范围内的中间值计算出需要印花的尺寸,织造后可获得接近设定尺寸的图案,关于图案变形问题基本做到可控,并为新产品开发提供参考依据。

结构与工艺要素对PET有光丝织物对比光泽度的影响

为研究织物结构设计要素和上机织造工艺要素对涤纶(PET)有光丝织物光泽度的影响,选用83.3 dtex/36f PET圆形截面大有光全拉伸丝(FDY)作为基材,经线作为双股复捻线,采用变化组织表征值、纬线密度、纬线捻向搭配、穿综数量与位置,以及每筘穿入数制得试样,测取织物的对比光泽度(G_(C))。结果表明:组织浮长线长、组织点分布规则时,织物的G_(C)值较大;在一定上限范围内织物的G_(C)值随纬线密度的增大而增大;不同捻向复捻股线在经、纬方向上的搭配对织物的G_(C)值影响不明显;采用不同综框数或不同穿综位置制备的织物,其G_(C)值差异不明显;采用小筘号多穿入与大筘号少穿入方式制备相同的织物,其G_(C)值差异也不明显。

基于ABAQUS的平纹织物同面对向弯曲有限元模拟

为明晰织物结构对其弯曲性能的影响机制,对织物弯曲过程进行了有限元模拟和实验验证。以涤纶织物为例,通过VHX-5000型超景深数码显微镜观测织物,得到纱线几何参数;根据纱线实际尺寸,利用SolidWorks专业建模软件构建涤纶平纹织物的三维几何模型;基于有限元分析软件ABAQUS研究织物同面对向弯曲性能,分析纱线弹性模量、摩擦因数、泊松比等参数对弯曲实验的影响,并将有限元仿真结果与实验结果进行对比。结果表明:模拟所得抗弯力-位移曲线与实验曲线在0.01水平上呈显著相关,模拟结果与实验结果一致,证明用有限元模拟弯曲织物模型的有效性。

纱罗织物三维几何模型的构建

为进一步提升纱罗组织模拟效果,提出一种纱罗织物三维几何模型。将纱组织及罗组织进行了结构分析,对绞组内的经纱及纬纱的空间几何关系进行了数学推导,并将其综合为纱罗组织的数学模型;在此基础上,提出经纱扭绞及纬纱阵列算法,计算经纬纱上每个型值点的三维坐标;最终通过样条曲线生成经纬纱的中心线轨迹,以复丝作为纱线模型,对纱罗组织进行了三维模拟。模拟效果表明:该模拟算法生成的纱罗组织结构准确,表层纱孔清晰,取得了预期效果。

晋东南文化视域下潞绸被面的染织工艺研究

潞绸是记载晋东南地区人们独特的社会生活和人文思想的文化符号,蕴含浓郁的民风民俗文化,体现了鲜明的地域性特色。文章以沿用传统技艺织造的潞绸实物为研究对象,从晋东南的历史文化、地域因素、民俗风俗的维度去解读现代潞绸的织染工艺。研究表明,现代潞绸以传统对称为美,兼具实用与审美双原则;其特殊地域特色和晋商文化的开放交流共同影响着潞绸的原料、组织结构和表现形式;晋东南地区尚红习俗也间接影响着潞绸的色彩审美。

蜂巢组织的三维结构模拟

为解决蜂巢织物模拟时仿真度不高、经纬纱空间轨迹不准确等问题,提出一种蜂巢织物的模拟方法。将浮长线的拉拢作用与邻近组织点偏移倾向等因素相结合,分析了浮长线内组织点的偏移;在此基础上,建立了组织点偏移的数学模型,提出纱线偏移的算法。为避免偏移后不同纱线间的渗透与穿刺,依照机织物的织造规律设计了纱线的碰撞检测与处理算法;考虑蜂巢织物的凹凸外观,将织物的平纹组织划分为凸起和凹下二部分。研究结果表明:采取偏移算法后的织物模拟效果逼真,更接近实际织物中纱线的空间轨迹;经碰撞检测处理后的纱线一方面减少了渗透,另一方面也突出了织物的凹凸效果;对蜂巢织物平纹部分的划分处理使模拟织物表观的倒金字塔凹槽清晰可见,取得了预期效果。

基于K-近邻算法改进粒子群-反向传播算法的织物质量预测技术

为解决现有下机织物质量差异性较大且传统验布环节时间较长等问题,提出基于K-近邻(KNN)算法改进粒子群-反向传播(PSO-BP)算法的织物质量等级预测方法。首先分析织物质量预测模型,整理织物疵点类型与织物质量等级分类,并根据织物疵点特征将疵点划分为6类;其次选取14种影响织物质量的因子作为模型输入量;然后详细介绍依据KNN与PSO原理进行织物质量预测流程;最后以浙江兰溪某纺织厂近3个月16186条织物生产数据为例,建立织物质量预测模型。结果显示:该技术对织物质量预测的准确率达到98.054%,且训练时长仅需4.8 s,在保证织物质量预测准确性的同时,极大缩短了检测时间,提高了织造车间生产效率。