Ecological controls on biogeochemical fluxes in the western Antarctic Peninsula studied with an inverse foodweb model

Sea ice in the western Antarctic Peninsula （WAP） region is both highly variable and rapidly changing. In the Palmer Station region, the ice season duration has decreased by 92 d since 1978. The sea-ice changes affect ocean stratification and freshwater balance and in turn impact every component of the polar marine ecosystem. Long-term observations from the WAP nearshore and offshore regions show a pattern of chlorophyll （Chl） variability with three to five years of negative Chl anomalies interrupted by one or two years of positive anomalies （high and low Chl regimes）. Both field observations and results from an inverse food-web model show that these high and low Chl regimes differed significantly from each other, with high primary productivity and net community production （NCP） and other rates associated with the high Chl years and low rates with low Chl years. Gross primary production rates （GPP） averaged 30 mmolC.m^-2.d^-1 in the low Chl years and 100 mmolC.m-2.d1 in the high Chl years. Both large and small phytoplankton were more abundant and more productive in high Chl years than in low Chl years. Similarly, krill were more important as grazers in high Chl years, but did not differ from microzooplankton in high or low Chl years. Microzooplankton did not differ between high and low Chl years. Net community production differed significantly between high and low Chl years, but mobilized a similar proportion of GPP in both high and low Chl years. The composition of the NCP was uniform in high and low Chl years. These results emphasize the importance of microbial components in the WAP plankton system and suggest that food webs dominated by small phytoplankton can have pathways that funnel production into NCP, and likely, export.

Framework to Model User Request Access Patterns in the World Wide Web

In this paper, we present a novel approach to model user request patterns in the World Wide Web. Instead of focusing on the user traffic for web pages, we capture the user interaction at the object level of the web pages. Our framework model consists of three sub-models: one for user file access, one for web pages, and one for storage servers. Web pages are assumed to consist of different types and sizes of objects, which are characterized using several categories: articles, media, and mosaics. The model is implemented with a discrete event simulation and then used to investigate the performance of our system over a variety of parameters in our model. Our performance measure of choice is mean response time and by varying the composition of web pages through our categories, we find that our framework model is able to capture a wide range of conditions that serve as a basis for generating a variety of user request patterns. In addition, we are able to establish a set of parameters that can be used as base cases. One of the goals of this research is for the framework model to be general enough that the parameters can be varied such that it can serve as input for investigating other distributed applications that require the generation of user request access patterns.

基于Stacking融合模型的Web攻击检测方法

随着计算机技术与互联网技术的飞速发展,Web应用在人们的生产与生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。但是在人们的日常生活与工作中带来了更多便捷的同时,却也带来了严重的安全隐患。在开发Web应用的过程中,大量不规范的新技术应用引入了很多的网站漏洞。攻击者可以利用Web应用开发过程中的漏洞发起攻击,当Web应用受到攻击时会造成严重的数据泄露和财产损失等安全问题,因此Web安全问题一直受到学术界和工业界的关注。超文本传输协议(HTTP)是一种在Web应用中广泛使用的应用层协议。随着HTTP协议的大量使用,在HTTP请求数据中包含了大量的实际入侵,针对HTTP请求数据进行Web攻击检测的研究也开始逐渐被研究人员所重视。本文提出了一种基于Stacking融合模型的Web攻击检测方法,针对每一条文本格式的HTTP请求数据,首先进行格式化处理得到既定的格式,结合使用Word2Vec方法和TextCNN模型将其转换成向量化表示形式;然后利用Stacking模型融合方法,将不同的子模型(使用配置不同尺寸过滤器的Text-CNN模型搭配不同的检测算法)进行融合搭建出Web攻击检测模型,与融合之前单独的子模型相比在准确率、召回率、F1值上都有所提升。本文所提出的Web攻击检测模型在公开数据集和真实环境数据上都取得了更加稳定的检测性能。

中国地震科学实验场三维断层模型Web展示原型系统

活动断层的三维结构和模型是地震危险性研究的基础参数和重要数据。随着对接近真实形态的活动断层三维模型的应用需求不断增加,对这类模型数据的共享及研究的需求也日益增加。数据共享课题的一个重要议题是如何构建基于Web的三维断层模型展示平台,提高数据共享水平和用户体验。中国地震科学实验场(川滇地区)三维断层模型Web展示原型系统①是基于Arc GIS 10.6企业版的Web App Builder工具构建的一个实验性系统。该系统实现了基于Web GIS的三维展示系统的基本功能,并成功测试了更适用于地震行业标准的用户交互方式、基本功能、场景数据迁移方案和三维场景设计方案。场景数据从三维断层建模平台到GIS平台的迁移,是实现基于Web GIS三维展示系统的基础。场景中展示的三维数据采用与二维数据标准一致且视觉上融合度高的可视化方案。实践结果表明,三维数据从建模平台迁出后,应结合数据可视化方案,在属性层面上与二维数据相融合,以保证二维和三维数据在视觉上较好地融合。

基于web技术的有限元模型和成果可视化方法研究

在水利水电工程设计及运行阶段,经常使用有限元分析方法进行结构受力变形分析。以往多数情况下都是高校或科研单位将有限元分析结果以固定图表的成果形式以研究报告的方式呈现给设计或运管单位,倘若边界条件或材料参数发生变化,设计或运管单位无法实时了解新的计算成果。随着Web技术的发展,使得将有限元模型和分析成果以可视化、交互式的方式向设计及运管人员进行实时呈现成为可能。借用基于WebGL技术封闭的Three.JS框架,实现了拱坝三维有限元网格模型及分析成果在用户浏览器上的可视化呈现,能够让用户通过交互式方式对有限元模型及分析成果进行动态浏览和查看,方便用户全面了解计算成果。该方法为数字孪生水利工程建设提供了计算分析成果在线查询技术,具有广泛的应用价值。

基于Vue框架的医学3D模型展示测量分析的Web云平台

作为基于Vue的医学3D模型展示测量分析的Web云平台,平台整合了现代Web技术与医疗图像处理前沿技术,实现了医学3D模型数据的云端高效存储、高速传输与在线互动展示。该平台采用组件化、响应式的设计理念,结合Three.js等3D渲染库,能够流畅加载、渲染复杂医学3D模型,并提供精细化的模型测量、分析工具。平台支持多用户并发访问与权限管理,适用于跨地域的医疗团队协作,提高了医患沟通效率和医疗决策的科学性。

基于全球海域多波束测深数据构建DBM与Web服务

为解决全球海域多波束测深数据查询使用不便的问题,通过数据分块实现海量数据处理,使用逐点插值算法构建数字水深模型,将晕渲图与数字水深模型组合构建可视化查询服务,实现基于浏览器查看水深数据和查询水深值等功能。对已有的全球海域多波束测深数据进行了处理,结果表明该方法对海量数据有着很好的承载能力,构建的数字水深模型能够反映测深点分布情况,Web查询服务响应迅速;同时该方法基于常用GIS软件处理数据,可操作性强,可用于海量多波束测深数据管理。

1+X证书制度下Web前端开发人才培养模式探索——以海南软件职业技术学院为例

Web前端开发职业技能等级证书是首批启动试点的6个1+X职业技能等级证书之一,海南软件职业技术学院是Web前端开发职业技能等级证书首批启动试点院校之一。文章以海南软件职业技术学院为例,研究了Web前端开发职业技能等级标准,分析了Web前端开发人才培养方案及其存在的问题,优化了基于1+X证书制度的人才培养模式和人才培养评价模式。

Python Server Page Performance Analysis and Modeling

Today, in the field of computer networks, new services have been developed on the Internet or intranets, including the mail server, database management, sounds, videos and the web server itself Apache. The number of solutions for this server is therefore growing continuously, these services are becoming more and more complex and expensive, without being able to fulfill the needs of the users. The absence of benchmarks for websites with dynamic content is the major obstacle to research in this area. These users place high demands on the speed of access to information on the Internet. This is why the performance of the web server is critically important. Several factors influence performance, such as server execution speed, network saturation on the internet or intranet, increased response time, and throughputs. By measuring these factors, we propose a performance evaluation strategy for servers that allows us to determine the actual performance of different servers in terms of user satisfaction. Furthermore, we identified performance characteristics such as throughput, resource utilization, and response time of a system through measurement and modeling by simulation. Finally, we present a simple queue model of an Apache web server, which reasonably represents the behavior of a saturated web server using the Simulink model in Matlab (Matrix Laboratory) and also incorporates sporadic incoming traffic. We obtain server performance metrics such as average response time and throughput through simulations. Compared to other models, our model is conceptually straightforward. The model has been validated through measurements and simulations during the tests that we conducted.

融合语义和共现特征的Web跟踪器深度识别方法

【目的】Web跟踪器通过嵌入用户访问的网站,收集用户的标识与访问信息,用于个性化推荐服务和网站性能分析等。然而,Web跟踪器对互联网用户来说可能会造成隐私泄漏,让用户有选择的关闭/打开Web跟踪对互联网健康发展至关重要,而Web跟踪器的自动识别是前提与基础。【方法】通过对实际数据的分析,发现Web跟踪器在URL的文本语义和嵌入关联(即共现)两个维度的重要特征,并据此设计了融合关联特征与语义特征的Web跟踪器深度识别方法。该方法首先建立用户直接访问网站和其嵌入URL的嵌入关系二部图,并基于DeepWalk算法提取URL的嵌入特征向量;其次,基于自然语言处理领域的预训练BERT模型提取URL字符串的文本语义特征;最后,使用注意力机制聚合两类特征,并使用多层感知机模型实现URL的分类,识别Web跟踪器。【结果】基于真实数据的实验结果表明,与已有方法相比,本文所提方法提高了识别的准确度,其F1分数可达到0.91。【结论】基于深度学习的Web跟踪器识别方法仅依赖跟踪器URL及其在网站的嵌入关系信息,取得了较高的识别准确度,易于部署。

基于WebGIS的数字无线电广播发射覆盖技术研究

探索将万维网地理信息系统(Web Geographic Information System,WebGIS)技术引入数字无线电广播发射覆盖分析领域,重点研究数据处理、平台搭建、模型构建及可视化分析等关键技术环节,并探讨覆盖优化调整的策略与方法。通过构建高精度数据集、搭建高效WebGIS平台、改进传播模型、开发可视化分析工具等手段,力图为无线电广播网络的精细化规划和智能化管理提供新的思路和方法。

基于Web与BIM技术的数字化竣工交付平台设计

为在智慧建造的基础上,创新竣工交付模式。以Web与建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)技术为基础,通过对服务器选型、网络设备选型等硬件设计;软件框架设计、基于Web与BIM技术的项目模型标准化处理、BIM模型轻量化与质检资料的智能关联、电子档案全过程信息化管理与交付等软件设计,提出一种全新的数字化跋工交付平台。将该平台应用于北京市朝阳站建设项目中,实现朝阳站数字建筑和物理建筑的数字李生交付,为运维阶段提供基础数据,探索平台与城建档案馆档案接收系统的业务对接。

Web和大数据模型在农机虚拟设计中的研究

介绍了农机虚拟设计的基本概念及其关键技术,基于Web和大数据模型建立了虚拟设计模型,并基于B/S模型结构实现了农机虚拟设计系统。仿真结果表明:仿真设计的拖拉机在传动比、速度、功耗和振动比多方面都满足理论计算值,符合设计预期。

基于BERT的多模型融合的Web攻击检测方法

传统Web攻击检测方法准确率不高,不能有效防范Web攻击。针对该问题,提出一种基于变换器的双向编码器表示(BERT)的预训练模型、文本卷积神经网络(TextCNN)和双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)多模型融合的Web攻击检测方法。先将HTTP请求进行预处理,再通过BERT进行训练得到具备上下文依赖的特征向量,并用TextCNN模型进一步提取其中的高阶语义特征,作为BiLSTM的输入,最后利用Softmax函数进行分类检测。在HTTP CSIC 2010和恶意URL检测两个数据集上对所提方法进行验证,结果表明,与支持向量机(SVM)、逻辑回归(LR)等传统的机器学习方法和现有较新的方法相比,基于BERT的多模型融合的Web攻击检测方法在准确率、精确率、召回率和F1值指标上均表现更优(准确率和F1值的最优值都在99%以上),能准确检测Web攻击。

基于Web of Siencec和中国知网的临床药学教学模式文献研究热点分析

目的:从文献计量学角度探讨国内外临床药学教学模式的研究现状和研究热点。方法:检索Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库,对所纳入的相关研究论文发表的国家、期刊、作者及关键词共现等情况,运用文献计量分析软件VOSviewer和HistCite进行可视化分析。结果:得到了AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION(《美国药学教育杂志》)等10种临床药学教学模式研究领域的核心期刊,确定了临床药学教学模式的热门研究主题,并用编年图直观地展示临床药学教学模式研究领域的发展历史。结论:采用文献计量学研究方法,可以清晰、直观地了解临床药学教学模式的研究现状和热点。

混合式教学模式下“Web前端开发”课程过程性评价的研究

新工科背景下,企业对Web前端开发人才的培养提出了新的要求。围绕“Web前端开发”课程,文章对混合式教学模式下的过程性评价方式展开了研究,结合实际案例探讨了其构建路径和实施效果。结果表明,混合式教学模式下“Web前端开发”课程的过程性评价方式可有效提高学生的学习效果、学习效率、参与度和自主学习能力。有助于教师对学生进行学习过程跟踪与指导,从而提高“Web前端开发”课程的教学效果和质量。

Testing and Evaluation for Web Usability Based on Extended Markov Chain Model

As the increasing popularity and complexity of Web applications and the emergence of their new characteristics, the testing and maintenance of large, complex Web applications are becoming more complex and difficult. Web applications generally contain lots of pages and are used by enormous users. Statistical testing is an effective way of ensuring their quality. Web usage can be accurately described by Markov chain which has been proved to be an ideal model for software statistical testing. The results of unit testing can be utilized in the latter stages, which is an important strategy for bottom-to-top integration testing, and the other improvement of extended Markov chain model (EMM) is to present the error type vector which is treated as a part of page node. this paper also proposes the algorithm for generating test cases of usage paths. Finally, optional usage reliability evaluation methods and an incremental usability regression testing model for testing and evaluation are presented. Key words statistical testing - evaluation for Web usability - extended Markov chain model (EMM) - Web log mining - reliability evaluation CLC number TP311. 5 Foundation item: Supported by the National Defence Research Project (No. 41315. 9. 2) and National Science and Technology Plan (2001BA102A04-02-03)Biography: MAO Cheng-ying (1978-), male, Ph.D. candidate, research direction: software testing. Research direction: advanced database system, software testing, component technology and data mining.

Model Checking-Based Testing of Web Applications

A formal model representing the navigation behavior of a Web application as the Kripke structure is proposed and an approach that applies model checking to test case generation is presented. The Object Relation Diagram as the object model is employed to describe the object structure of a Web application design and can be translated into the behavior model. A key problem of model checking-based test generation for a Web application is how to construct a set of trap properties that intend to cause the violations of model checking against the behavior model and output of counterexamples used to construct the test sequences. We give an algorithm that derives trap properties from the object model with respect to node and edge coverage criteria.

A colored Petri net-based model for web service composition

In this paper, a model based colored Petri net （CPN） to provide semantic support for web service composition is proposed, and the reliability and maintainability of composite services are improved. The composite constructs in the model are sequence, concurrent, choice, loop and replace. The web service is formally defined by a CPN. A closed composing algebra is defined to obtain a framework which enables declarative composition of web services. Availability, confidentiality, and integrity of composite service are analyzed within the framework of the model based CPN.

Enhancing Sustainable Development through Web Based 3D Smart City Model Using GIS and BIM. Case Study: Sheikh Hamad City

Smart sustainable city is that uses the technology to transform their core systems and optimize the exploitation of limited resources;it is a knowledge-based system that provides real-time insights to stakeholders. As a result of the challenges facing the cities of the Gaza Strip regarding population growth, lack of resources, increased demand for materials, the siege imposed on the Gaza Strip for more than twelve years, the smart city approach can contribute to mitigating these challenges and creating opportunities and solutions for many of these problems. Thus, this study aims to promote sustainable urban development through the adoption of smart city approaches using the city’s 3D representation and analysis capabilities to reflect and define the current situation and formulate a future vision using GIS and Building Information Modeling (BIM) considering Sheikh Hamad city as a case study. This involves developing a GIS web-based 3D model of the urban landscape of the city and creating a geometric descriptive database that includes the various elements of the city such as buildings, services and other facilities. The constructed database is to be automatically updated and can be used to facilitate documentation, transparency and help in decision-making process. The 3D smart city can also benefit stakeholders, government officials, private sectors as well as the city citizens. Therefore, urban services will be more efficient, and the cities of the Gaza Strip will be able to achieve sustainable development and competition in difficult economic, environmental and social conditions. This study recommends the use of BIM and GIS technologies in the transformation to a smart city concept as well as the rehabilitation of existing cadres to enable them to use those technologies to achieve the goal of improving the quality of life and facilitating the daily lives of people.