Web Testing Generation: A Stream <i>X-Machine</i>Based Approach

To ensure the quality of Web applications, Web testing is one of the effective methods. The testing is a process of revealing errors that is used to give confidence that the implementation of a Web application meets its original specification. This work proposes a Web testing framework based on Stream X-Machines (SXMs), which provides a way to derive test cases for a Web application. It starts from constructing the SXM model, from which a test translator is employed to extract the test paths and then translates them into an XML-style test specification, which is the input of test engine. The test engine generates test cases and then executes them, and finally produces test report. This testing method is a significant contribution to informed research.

由Web UI元素不可见引发的Web自动化测试脚本错误

在Web自动化测试中,脚本的录制或编写至关重要,脚本的正确性直接影响测试效率。如果录制的脚本出现问题,往往需要花费时间进行调试和修正,降低了测试效率。因此,在录制脚本时,若点击操作未能使后续的WebUI元素充分显示,脚本可能由于该元素不可见而无法正常执行。因此,录制脚本时必须确保每个被操作的WebUI元素可见,以避免测试中出现错误。

课证融通的web前端课程智能实训系统研究开发

《国家职业教育改革实施方案》提出全面实施1+X证书制度试点。专业课程要融入X证书内容,构建“课证”融通教学。传统web前端类课程实训教学存在实训内容未能融入考证内容、实训结果依赖人工评价等问题。为改进实训教学,引入浏览器内核技术,研究设计了一种web前端课程云实训系统,融入考证知识点,应用人工智能技术对上机实训操作进行实时智能结果评价。使用结果表明,系统发挥作用良好,有效提高了实训教学效率。

Model Checking-Based Testing of Web Applications

A formal model representing the navigation behavior of a Web application as the Kripke structure is proposed and an approach that applies model checking to test case generation is presented. The Object Relation Diagram as the object model is employed to describe the object structure of a Web application design and can be translated into the behavior model. A key problem of model checking-based test generation for a Web application is how to construct a set of trap properties that intend to cause the violations of model checking against the behavior model and output of counterexamples used to construct the test sequences. We give an algorithm that derives trap properties from the object model with respect to node and edge coverage criteria.

基于WebDriver和TestNG的网页自动化测试方法

互联网行业对时效性有着极高的要求,版本迭代异常迅速,保证项目的代码在快速迭代中保持很好的质量,是软件测试面临的重要挑战,互联网行业中使用最为广泛的当属网页自动化测试。文章阐述了一种基于WebDriver和TestNG的网页自动化测试方法,能有效提高测试的效率和准确率,具有很好的应用价值。

Testing Forms in Web Applications Automatically

Forms enhance both the dynamic and interactive abilities of Web applications and the system complexity. And it is especially important to test forms completely and thoroughly. Therefore, this paper discusses how to carry out the form testing by different methods in the related testing phases. Namely, at first, automatically abstracting forms in the Web pages by parsing the HTML documents; then, ohtai ning the testing data with a certain strategies, such as by requirement specifications, by mining users＇ hefore input informarion or by recording meehanism; and next executing the testing actions automatically due to the well formed test cases; finally, a case study is given to illustrate the convenient and effective of these methods.

基于Concolic Testing的动态Web页面测试研究

传统的软件测试技术对于动态Web程序并不完全适用,针对动态Web程序的特性,探讨适合的测试方法十分必要。文章分析了动态Web应用的特点与测试现状,简要介绍了Concolic Testing思想,并把Concolic Testing测试技术应用于Web应用动态内容页的测试,给出了具体的、具有针对性的测试算法,并以实例进行了验证。

Web功能自动化测试工具CubicTest

该文简要介绍了CubicTest作为最简单的网页功能自动化测试解决方案之一,通过与功能更全的QTP比较来突出其优点与缺点。使用开放源码软件来替代QTP的知识,在为客户提供咨询时十分有用。最后,提供了一个开发的框架,以补充CubicTest和Se lenium所不能提供的功能。这里还有很多可提高的余地,感谢那些来自论坛的优秀的软件架构师的贡献。

基于Cypress的医疗Web平台自动化测试设计与实现

目的 把自动化测试应用于医疗Web平台(以下简称医疗平台),以提高医疗平台测试的效率并保证平台的稳定性。方法 分析Cypress原理及流程,搭建测试框架,并编写测试用例,再结合Cypress自动化测试框架编写测试代码,将自动化测试覆盖医疗平台的各个关键功能模块。结果 根据实际测试验证分析,随着回归测试量增多(回归测试大于3时),自动化测试相较于手动测试,能够显著提高测试效率。使用两项系统功能进行多次手动和自动化对比测试,结果显示,自动化测试速度明显快于手动测试,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 基于Cypress框架的医疗平台自动化测试是一种有效的测试方案,可提高医疗平台的测试效率,为医疗平台开发测试提供了可靠的技术参考。

一种数据驱动的Web自动化测试组件的设计

在Web测试过程中,某些步骤所涉及的页面操作比较多,测试人员需要根据页面DOM的结构和填充的数据重新构建测试代码的挑战。这样增加了测试人员的工作强度和代码编写的工作量。每一次的页面测试基本都可以归纳为查找页面元素和处理元素动作。将自动化测试组件进行二次封装,可以减少测试过程中的重复代码编写,让开发人员专注于测试过程的数据编制。介绍一种在Python环境下,以外部数据驱动WebDriver实现自动化测试的组件的设计与实现方法。该方法将页面操作的动作和填写的信息保存在外部数据文件中,将常用的执行动作和填写的数据组合为页面操作的过程封装为一个组件。利用此套组件,可以实现“数据-操作-代码”的分离,大大减少了测试人员的开发代码量。

Testing and Evaluation for Web Usability Based on Extended Markov Chain Model

As the increasing popularity and complexity of Web applications and the emergence of their new characteristics, the testing and maintenance of large, complex Web applications are becoming more complex and difficult. Web applications generally contain lots of pages and are used by enormous users. Statistical testing is an effective way of ensuring their quality. Web usage can be accurately described by Markov chain which has been proved to be an ideal model for software statistical testing. The results of unit testing can be utilized in the latter stages, which is an important strategy for bottom-to-top integration testing, and the other improvement of extended Markov chain model (EMM) is to present the error type vector which is treated as a part of page node. this paper also proposes the algorithm for generating test cases of usage paths. Finally, optional usage reliability evaluation methods and an incremental usability regression testing model for testing and evaluation are presented. Key words statistical testing - evaluation for Web usability - extended Markov chain model (EMM) - Web log mining - reliability evaluation CLC number TP311. 5 Foundation item: Supported by the National Defence Research Project (No. 41315. 9. 2) and National Science and Technology Plan (2001BA102A04-02-03)Biography: MAO Cheng-ying (1978-), male, Ph.D. candidate, research direction: software testing. Research direction: advanced database system, software testing, component technology and data mining.

Implementation Method of Non-Intrusive Monitoring Mechanism for Web Services Testing

In web services testing, accessing the interactive contents of measured Services and the information of service condition accurately are the key issues of system design and realization. A non-intrusive solution based on axis2 is presented to overcome the difficulty of the information retrieval in web service testing. It can be plugged in server side or client side freely to test pre-deployed or deployed web services. Moreover, it provides a monitoring interface and the corresponding subscription publication mechanism for users based on web services to support the quality assurance grounded on service-oriented architecture （SOA） application service.

基于图像的航天业务软件Web UI自动化测试方法

当前航天业务繁重,如何高效准确地完成相关软件的测试尤为重要。设计了一种基于图像的航天业务软件Web UI自动化测试方法。该方法以用户视角进行自动化测试,使用YOLOv8模型检测被测Web软件截图,识别出表格、折线图和导航按键(包括导航菜单、面包屑、按钮等按键)3类网页元素。之后利用Selenium工具自动测试导航按键元素的可访问性,使用文字识别技术PaddleOCR、结构相似性(Structural Similarity, SSIM)指数算法分别测试表格元素和折线图元素信息的正确性,并生成测试报告。该方法可移植性好,能够自动为Selenium提供元素定位,改善Selenium脚本易失效的问题,并且可以自动检查图表数据的正确性。实验结果表明,该方法能够覆盖90%的测试用例,可检测具体错误位置和相关信息,显著减少了手动测试工作量,提高了测试效率。

Support for development and test of web application:A tree-oriented model

Building an abstract model of the web application is the chief task of software test based on model, which is an efficient way for testing the web application. One problem with current web application test technologies is the lack of tools for modeling the whole web software, especially the lack of support for describing web application from the view of action and function. This paper is concerned with providing the support for development and test of the web application. The presented novel model, named component-based and tree-oriented web application development model （CBTOWADM）, abstracts the web application as a tree based on its system function and business process. CBTOWADM not only simplifies the design and development of the web application, but also acts as the model middleware for software test. The basic model definition, the system framework and the application in software test of CBTOWADM is described.

基于众测操作记录的Web测试用例自动生成方法

众包测试是软件测试领域的一种新兴趋势,具有更加可靠、成本更低和效率更快的优点。但是由于众测工人专业水平不同,提交的测试用例报告缺乏规范性,为报告的审核、缺陷的复现都增加了困难。该文提出了一种通过众测工人的操作记录自动生成文本测试用例的新方法,并实现了该测试工具。首先,对测试工人的操作进行录制从而获取录制信息,录制信息可以划分为三大模块,包含静态页面信息、动态页面信息和交互信息;其次,通过深度优先遍历算法获取组件名称、组件类型、交互动作和交互数据,并按照众测工人的实际操作步骤生成测试序列;对于测试序列中存在组件名称匹配错误的问题,通过YOLOv5目标检测和OCR文字识别技术设计了n元组生成算法,用于生成组件名称与其选项的对应关系,并对匹配错误的组件名称进行自动修改;最后,通过自定义规则集将测试序列转换为文本测试用例。该方法自动生成统一规范的测试用例,降低了众测的门槛,提高了测试效率,并且有利于众测服务平台的质量评估工作。为了验证该方法的有效性,针对不同开发技术的Web系统进行了测试,并与目前最新版本的UFT,Selenium IDE和Katalon Recorder三款工具进行了对比。实验结果表明,该方法生成的测试用例在测试步骤完整性、测试用例信息完整性和时间性能方面具有较好的表现。

基于框架的Web服务软件自动化测试技术

为弥补传统手动Web服务软件测试周期长、效率低等缺点,设计一种基于框架的Web服务软件自动化测试技术。介绍测评体系结构,设计Web服务自动化测试框架;基于该框架进行综合安全监管系统软件的自动化测试技术应用研究,在软件需求分析的基础上进行测试数据设计,并自动生成测试用例;利用自动化测试框架实现数据驱动脚本自动测试,列出测试用例执行结果并分析软件问题。结果表明,该技术能缩短软件测试周期、提高测试效率和测试覆盖率。

Generating test case specifications of web service composition using model checking

Model checking techniques have been widely used in verifying web service compositions to ensure the trustworthi- ness. However, little research has focused on testing web services. Based on the research of model checking techniques~ we propose a model checking based approach for testing web service composition which is described by using the web services choreography description language （WS-CDL）. According to worldwide web consortium （W3C） candidate recommendation, the WS-CDL specification provides a language for characterizing interactions between distinct web services using XML. Since the behaviors of web service composition are asynchronous, distributed, low-coupled and platform independent, we employ the guarded automata （GA） model for specifying the composition described in WS-CDL and using the simple promela interpreter （SPIN） model checker for detecting the collaborations of web services. Test cases can be transformed from counterexamples generated by SPIN using adequacy criteria. In this paper we apply the transition coverage criterion for generating counterex- amples. To illustrate our approach, we set ＂E-commerce service system＂ as an example for demonstrating how test cases can be generated using SPIN for compositions specified in WS-CDL.

An Agent-Based Framework for Automated Testing of Web-Based Systems

Parallel to the considerable growth in applications of web-based systems, there are increasing demands for methods and tools to assure their quality. Testing these systems, due to their inherent complexities and special characteristics, is complex, time-consuming and challenging. In this paper a novel multi-agent framework for automated testing of web-based systems is presented. The main design goals have been to develop an effective and flexible framework that supports different types of tests and utilize different sources of information about the system under test to automate the test process. A prototype of the proposed framework has been implemented and is used to perform some experiments. The results are promising and prove the overall design of the framework.

融合LSTM目录获取的Web漏洞检测方案

针对当前漏洞检测方案在目录获取能力和漏洞检测范围的不足,提出了融合长短时记忆网络(LSTM)目录获取的Web漏洞检测方案,集成Arjun参数爆破高效获取基础目录路径,提出融合LSTM的目录获取方案,生成模糊目录路径,构造总体目录路径池,穿透隐藏目录,达到在短时间内获取更多有效目录路径数的目的.为解决当前漏洞检测方案难以覆盖非典型Web漏洞这一问题,将已提出的方案实现为一款自动化通用漏洞检测及验证工具,适用于典型及非典型漏洞,赋予其目录获取、漏洞检测及绕过Cookie, IP封锁等功能.实验仿真结果表明,该方案比典型目录爆破工具能够获取更多的有效目录路径,具备出色的目录获取能力,能以高效率、低误报率检测和覆盖更多类型的Web漏洞.