Studies on Structure and Properties of Water Soluble Polysaccharide from Fruiting Body of Cordyceps Militarvs(L.) Link

A water soluble crude polysaccharide has been isolated from the fruiting body of cultivated Cordyceps militarvs(L.) Link. The GC analysis indicated that it contained the monosaccharides of Gal, Man, Glc and GlcA. Their molar ratio is 1 00∶1 58∶7 89∶0 19. The crude polysaccharide was fractionated with ethanol to get three fractions, which were CM Ⅰ, CM Ⅱ and CM Ⅲ. CM Ⅱ was further purified to get one homogeneous fraction named CMB. The molecular weight was estimated to be 60000 by means of gel filtration. CMB is a greyish white powder. The GC analysis indicated that it was composed of Gal, Man, Glc and the molar ratio is 1 00∶1 38∶5 10. Partial hydrolysis with an acid, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, IR, GC and methylation analyses, GC/MS analyses were used for the structure analyses of CMB. The results reveal that CMB is of a lower branched structure. The main chain is composed of (1→6) linked Man, (1→6) linked Glc, (1→4) linked Glc and (1→4) linked Gal. Some of (1→4) linked Glc and all (1→4) linked Gal residues are substituted at 3 O and 6 O respectively. (1→4) Linked Glc residues without branch probably exist with other monosaccharides alternately. On an average, there is one branch every ten hexose residues. The side chain is composed of major (1→4) linked Glc and minor (1→6) linked Glc. The nonreduced end is composed of Gal and Glc. The main glycosidic link of CMB is α configuration.

DYNAMIC SUBSTRUCTURING ANALYSISOF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES WITHNONLINEAR LINKS

The paper deals with the dynamic response prediction of the composite structure,which consists of two linear components coupled by some nonlinear vibration isolators. Based on the measured impulse response functions of the linear components, three kinds of dynamic equations of interfacial integration are proposed and a procedure to transform the dynamic equations of integral type into a set of ordinary differential equations is suggested. Computer simulations and a real test are given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Study on the Structure of Peroxide Cross-Linked Polyethylene Pipes with Several Stabilizers

Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes used in hot water supply are required for high mechanical strength and high creep resistance at high temperature. Especially PEX-a pipes which are made by peroxide cross-linking have better performance, such as creep resistance and thermal shock resistance than the pipes made by the other cross-linking method. Because the PEX-a pipes indicate the higher cross-link degree as compared with the other PEX pipes. In this study, the PEX-a pipes which were mixed with several stabilizers were tested to evaluate the effects on cross-link degree and the oxygen induction time. And also they are evaluated with the chlorine aqueous solution by the performance of the long-term hydrostatic pressure test and the long-term hydro dynamic pressure test. As a result, it was found that the combination of antioxidants for PEX-a pipes plays an important role to prolong the oxygen induction time without inhibiting the cross-linking. From the results of the 1H pulsed NMR measurement over the melting point of polyethylene, it was found that each peroxide PEX pipe with different antioxidant combinations indicated the different proportion and crosslink density of cross-linked region, in addition, that these pipes had the effective structure of cross-linking for the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure test with the chlorine aqueous solution. Therefore, it was considered to be useful results for studies of the stricture of cross-linking of polyethylene.

A Structural Model of the Endogenous Human BAF Complex Informs Disease Mechanisms

Mammalian SWI/SNF complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes that regulate genomic architecture.Here,we present a structural model of the endogenously purified human canonical BAF complex bound to the nucleosome,generated using cryoelectron microscopy(cryo-EM),cross-linking mass spectrometry,and homology modeling.BAF complexes bilaterally engage the nucleosome H2A/H2B acidic patch regions through the SMARCB1 C-terminalα-helix and the SMARCA4/2 C-terminal SnAc/postSnAc regions,with disease-associated mutations in either causing attenuated chromatin remodeling activities.Further,we define changes in BAF complex architecture upon nucleosome engagement and compare the structural model of endogenous BAF to those of related SWI/SNF-family complexes.Finally,we assign and experimentally interrogate cancer-associated hot-spot mutations localizing within the endogenous human BAF complex,identifying those that disrupt BAF subunit-subunit and subunit-nucleosome interfaces in the nucleosome-bound conformation.Taken together,this integrative structural approach provides important biophysical foundations for understanding the mechanisms of BAF complex function in normal and disease states.

Molecular and Crystal Structure of Hexacobalt Carbonyl Cluster Containg Twin Co_3S(CO)_7 Fragments Linked by a Novel Phosphido-Thiolato Ligand as Backbone

Reaction of dimers of (R) thionophosphine sulfide (R = P - C6H4OMe,SMe ) with Co, (CO), yields the novel hexacobalt cluster [Co'(μ3, -S)2, (CO) 14 (μ4 -μ4- and the trinuclear clusterPSCH,)J 2' In 1, tw0 Co3S(C0)7 units linked by a novel phosphido-thio1ato bifunc-tiona1 bridging p'-SPR ligand as backbone.

Seismic analysis of diagrid structural frames with shear-link fuse devices

This paper presents a new concept for enhancing the seismic ductility and damping capacity of diagrid structural frames by using shear-link fuse devices and its seismic performance is assessed through nonlinear static and dynamic analysis. The architectural elegancy of the diagrid structure attributed to its triangular leaning member configuration and high structural redundancy make this system a desirable choice for tall building design. However, forming a stable energy dissipation mechanism in diagrid framing remains to be investigated to expand its use in regions with high seismicity. To address this issue, a diagrid framing design is proposed here which provides a competitive design option in highly seismic regions through its increased ductility and improved energy dissipation capacity provided by replaceable shear links interconnecting the diagonal members at their ends.The structural characteristics and seismic behavior （capacity, stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility） of the diagrid structural frame are demonstrated with a 21-story building diagrid frame subjected to nonlinear static and dynamic analysis. The findings from the nonfinear time history analysis verify that satisfactory seismic performance can be achieved by the proposed diagrid frame subjected to design basis earthquakes in California. In particular, one appealing feature of the proposed diagrid building is its reduced residual displacement after strong earthquakes.

REDUCTION APPROACHES FOR VIBRATION CONTROL OF REPETITIVE STRUCTURES

The reduction approaches are presented for vibration control of symmetric, cyclic periodic and linking structures. The condensation of generalized coordinates, the locations of sensors and actuators, and the relation between system inputs and control forces are assumed to be set in a symmetric way so that the control system posses the same repetition as the structure considered. By employing proper transformations of condensed generalized coordinates and the system inputs, the vibration control of an entire system can be implemented by carrying out the control of a number of sub-structures, and thus the dimension of the control problem can be significantly reduced.

Organelle Structures: Bridging Strategy and Technological Processes

The shifting requirements as imposed on operations ma nagement require adjusting and tailoring the organisational structure to meet ma rket demands. However, translating these requirements directly into hierarchical structure will not ensure the integration of processes across organisational un its and guarantee desirable performance. Therefore, management and management li terature wonders: · How should we connect processes to the external environment within a strategi c framework · Which organisational structures do meet performance requirements · Which choices and freedom do we have within organisational structures · How and when do we implement organisational structures That the hierarchical structure does not meet as such the performance requiremen ts nor did it relate to these became already clear during case studies performed in the ’70s. The conclusion was drawn that organisational changes should affect working processes before they proof to be viable. This required the development of new approach through empirical studies and base d on literature. This led to the development of the organelle structure. The org anelle structure should connect to the strategy and the product flow. Thereto, a decision model has been developed for revealing these relations and the practic al implication. During a number of case studies this methodology has been refined and includes t he strategic choice between variants for the organelle structure with their own performance capabilities; we distinguish about 20 variants ranging between the f unctional organisation and the product flow organisation. These ranges of choice s however can be connected to different order entry points, stemming from logist ic concepts. This extends the performance to improved lead-times and improved c ontrol. Strategic choices relate the organelle structure to external performance criteria dictated by product/market-combinations: · lead-time · quality · costs and internal choices for performance criteria: · flexibility · productivity · resource utilisation · innovative performance. Case studies reveal the drastic improvements of the performance of operations an d manufacturing. The paper will discuss a few of these implementations to demons trate the impact. They also show how one derives the hierarchical structure from the choice for the organelle structure. Organelle structures do bridge the link of an industrial company to its environm ent and the internal possibilities, dictated by characteristics of product flow and process execution. The link to the environment results in a strategic framew ork for assessment of alternatives and possibilities. Choices for organelle stru ctures depend strongly on choices on the order entry points of the hardware flow and the specification flow. The evaluation of the characteristics takes place a gainst the strategic framework ensuring competitive advantage as well as a high probability of factual implementation and performance improvement.

An Overview of Recently Developed Coupled Simulation Optimization Approaches for Reliability Based Minimum Cost Design of Water Retaining Structures

This paper reviews several recently-developed techniques for the minimum-cost optimal design of water-retaining structures (WRSs), which integrate the effects of seepage. These include the incorporation of uncertainty in heterogeneous soil parameter estimates and quantification of reliability. This review is limited to methods based on coupled simulation-optimization (S-O) models. In this context, the design of WRSs is mainly affected by hydraulic design variables such as seepage quantities, which are difficult to determine from closed-form solutions or approximation theories. An S-O model is built by integrating numerical seepage modeling responses to an optimization algorithm based on efficient surrogate models. The surrogate models (meta-models) are trained on simulated data obtained from finite element numerical code solutions. The proposed methodology is applied using several machine learning techniques and optimization solvers to optimize the design of WRS by incorporating different design variables and boundary conditions. Additionally, the effects of several scenarios of flow domain hydraulic conductivity are integrated into the S-O model. Also, reliability based optimum design concepts are incorporated in the S-O model to quantify uncertainty in seepage quantities due to uncertainty in hydraulic conductivity estimates. We can conclude that the S-O model can efficiently optimize WRS designs. The ANN, SVM, and GPR machine learning technique-based surrogate models are efficiently and expeditiously incorporated into the S-O models to imitate the numerical responses of simulations of various problems.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Mixed Cu - Cd Bim etallic Com plex ｛〔 Cu Cd(pba)( H_2 O)_3〕·2 H_2 O｝ _n

A one dimensional bimetallic compound ｛〔CuCd(pba)(H 2O) 3〕·2H 2O｝ n in which pba was propylenebis (oxamic acid), was prepared. Crystal structure of the title compound was determined. It belongs to orthorhombic system, molecular formula CuCdC 7H 16 N 2O 11 , M r =480.17, space group Pnma(#62), a=12.953(2), b=21 626(6), c=5.253(3), V=1471(2) 3 and D x =2.17g/cm 3 for Z =4. The structure was solved by direct methods with final R =0.052 and R w =0.063 for 1055 observed reflections with I>3σ(I ). Two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms from the oxamide and a water molecule coordinated to the Cu II ion forming a square pyramidal geometry. Four oxygen atoms from the oxamide and two water molecules coordinated to the Cd II ion forming an elongated octahedral geometry.

A Generic Description Model for the Structure of Atomic Nucleus with New Interpretation of the Strong Forces

The present investigation is motivated by finding and developing an easily understandable solution in the context of unified quantum and gravitational theories. Model-based methods are applied, with emphasis on structural descriptions by introducing some strong hypotheses. A subset of the introduced hypotheses led to a surprising understanding of the internal structure and construction of quarks, neutrons, protons and more complex atomic nuclei. The research work therefore focused mainly on the model-based interpretation of subatomic processes. The results obtained so far and presented in this paper are new. They consist of a generic description model for the structure of atomic nuclei. This model contains two important structural links that originate from the initial phase of the cosmological big bang. They hold atomic parts together and are involved in many known nuclear fusion and fission processes. Modifications of them, including the electron-positron annihilation process, are necessary and will be described. A new interpretation of the strong forces from the Standard Model is possible and will be given. In addition, the formation processes for electron and positron particles are considered. Based on the structural relationships, a deeper understanding of matter transformations (transmutations), early cosmological processes and dark matter has been achieved. All challenges of this work are the logical conclusions from the used hypotheses on two structural links. They need to be further investigated and verified by theoretical and experimental works. The postulated particle in this paper, as accompanying product in the electron-positron annihilation, will play a major role for the future investigations.

TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF VORTEX AND HELICITY ANALYSIS

The topological structures of the vortex filaments and vortex tubes with an exact solution of a straight spiral vortex tube are discussed. It is found that there are some confusions about the calculation of the helicity of a knotted vortex filament and some linked vortex filaments by using different methods. How to unify these methods is explained and the right results are given. (Edited author abstract) 5 Refs.

新型城镇化视域下安徽省碳排放网络建构研究

在发展新型城镇化及推进区域碳减排的双重压力下,探索兼顾二者综合效应的空间关联网络具有重要意义。依据安徽省新型城镇化的评价指标,结合地理空间数据和碳排数据,运用改进的引力模型和社会网络分析等方法,对2011—2019年新型城镇化视域下的安徽省碳排网络进行构建,并确定其中影响城市碳流动的关键关联要素。结果表明:①长期来看,提高新型城镇化水平对于促进区域碳减排具有重要积极作用;②安徽省中东部城市的点入度保持在较高水平,南北部城市的点出度保持在较高水平,位于中部地区的凝聚子群对周边城市的联动影响更大;③城市间相似的新型城镇化水平显著影响碳排网络的构建,其中相似的经济城镇化水平对网络影响最大。

钢壳沉管隧道耐火极限标准与防火保护技术研究——以深中通道沉管隧道为例

为提高我国超大断面钢壳沉管隧道火灾防控水平,以深中通道海底沉管隧道为例,采用热力耦合模拟和材性试验等方法开展钢壳沉管隧道耐火极限标准研究,考虑到龙骨、拼缝等防火构造薄弱环节,进行管节结构和管节接头耐火试验,并提出相应的防火保护技术方案。主要结论如下:1)管节结构的耐火极限标准为火灾时,应将结构内侧钢壳最高温度控制在300℃以内;2)OMEGA橡胶管节接头的耐火极限标准为OMEGA橡胶超过70℃的时间小于2 h,超过100℃的时间小于1 h,且最高温度不得超过150℃;3)GINA橡胶管节接头的耐火极限标准为GINA橡胶超过100℃的时间小于1 h,且最高温度不得超过150℃;4)管节结构可采用35 mm单层防火板L型拼缝,对接面涂热膨胀胶;5)管节接头可采用35 mm防火板+50 mm陶瓷纤维毯双层防火保护体系,龙骨自由端取500 mm,拼缝处采用防火胶封堵。

钢框架-偏心支撑结构消能梁暗置侧向支撑设计

在钢框架-偏心支撑结构中,针对钢结构住宅等建筑中不能接受常规消能梁侧向支撑的情况,设计了一种在消能梁段端部的楼板内设置型钢连接件及暗梁组成的暗置侧向支撑。有限元模拟分析表明,在规范规定的消能梁段下翼缘侧向水平荷载的作用下,该消能梁暗置侧向支撑能显著减小消能梁的扭转变形和侧向弯曲变形;在考虑消能梁上局部楼板失效的情况下,暗置侧向支撑也能提供消能梁合适的扭转约束刚度。通过某工程的原位静荷载试验,验证了该暗置支撑对消能梁发挥的预期侧向支撑作用。

非交联透明质酸分子质量降解的机制及影响因素

背景:不同分子质量的透明质酸其结构、理化性质(如流变性质)与生物活性有较大差异,当非交联透明质酸降解程度过大,由高分子质量透明质酸降解为低分子质量透明质酸时,产品的性质与生物功能也会随之改变,从而对产品使用造成影响。目的:综述非交联透明质酸分子质量降解机制以及分子质量降解对非交联透明质酸结构、流变性质、生物活性和应用的影响。方法:由第一作者检索PubMed、中国知网数据库和其他数据库中收录的与透明质酸分子质量相关的文献,根据纳入与排除标准筛选相关度高的优质文献后。检索时间为2017年1月至2022年12月,英文检索词为“hyaluronic acid,non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid,molecular weight,degradation,structure,rheological properties,biological activity”,中文检索词为“透明质酸,非交联透明质酸,分子量,降解,结构,流变性质,生物活性”,最终纳入47篇文献进入综述分析。结果与结论:①非交联透明质酸主要通过特异性酶解作用和非特异性自由基降解作用两种途径实现体内分子质量降解。②非交联透明质酸分子质量降解会改变其结构与流变性质,造成聚合物网络结构解开,黏性、黏弹性等流变性质降低,机械性能下降,从而影响产品的实际应用效果。③非交联透明质酸的生物活性具有分子质量依赖性,不同分子质量透明质酸的生物活性不同,甚至高分子质量透明质酸和低分子质量透明质酸与同一受体结合会表现出完全相反的生物效应。④非交联透明质酸分子质量降解会降低产品的安全性和有效性,影响产品的使用寿命与应用性能,最终影响临床应用效果。⑤非交联透明质酸作为可降解生物材料在伤口愈合、组织工程及美容医学等领域具有极高的应用潜力,深入研究与理解非交联透明质酸分子质量降解特性与生物活性之间的关联也是更好地开发伤口敷料、药物递送系统与组织工程支架等领域应用的前提。⑥但目前针对非交联透明质酸分子质量降解的相关研究较少,对于如何有效避免在临床应用时非交联透明质酸分子质量降解带来的潜在风险尚不明确。⑦因此,对于非交联透明质酸在应用过程中分子质量降解引发的一系列潜在风险,包括对于其结构、性质及生物活性的影响以及由此对机体造成的改变是今后需密切关注的方向之一。

城市轨道交通建桥合一长联无缝高架车站结构设计与施工优化

[目的]建桥合一长联无缝高架车站将建筑与桥梁结构融合,使得车站墩柱在有刚度需求的同时,还具有空间框架结构体系复杂、体量大、超静定次数多的特点,而混凝土结构的温度与收缩徐变成为了这类车站结构设计中的控制因素。采用设置伸缩缝、加大墩柱截面尺寸、加强墩柱截面配筋等传统方法,将破坏车站结构的整体性,增加维护与建设成本。因此需从设计角度和施工角度对建桥合一长联无缝高架车站结构进行优化。[方法]以深圳地铁6号线宽9 m的岛式车站为研究对象,运用MIDAS软件,建立建桥合一的长联无缝高架车站有限元模型,并对其进行计算分析与检算。分别从设计和施工两个角度提出相应优化方案。从设计角度建立了高架车站有限元模型,对墩柱控制弯矩进行了对比分析。[结果及结论]有限元计算结果表明:车站两端墩柱受收缩徐变和温度的作用明显,其应力与配筋将是本设计的控制要点。在保证高架车站整体性的情况下,从设计角度提出了加深承台埋深,采用双薄壁墩,在墩柱顶部采用铰接等3种优化方案;从施工角度提出了设置后浇带,采用模块化装配式施工等优化方案。经模拟分析,加深承台埋深2 m,增加墩高减小桥墩刚度,可减少第13轴的墩底控制弯矩约22%;采用双薄壁墩大幅减小了桥墩刚度,可减少第13轴墩底的控制弯矩约46%;墩顶采用混凝土铰支撑,释放了上部传递至墩柱的弯矩,可减少第13轴的控制弯矩约13%。

高增塑PEG弹性体网络结构与力学性能关系

为了建立硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂中高增塑的聚乙二醇(PEG)基聚氨酯的微观结构与宏观力学性能的相关性,以缩二脲三异氰酸酯(N⁃100)为多官能度固化剂,与硝酸酯增塑的PEG混胶固化,制备了固化参数1.2~1.7的高增塑PEG弹性体。采用单轴拉伸、X射线衍射、低场核磁共振、平衡溶胀测试方法,对PEG弹性体交联网络微观结构特征进行研究,并基于低场核磁结果,分析了不同网链结构对高增塑PEG弹性体力学性能的影响。结果表明:由于高增塑的特性,PEG弹性体为非晶态,悬尾链与自由链总比例大于85%,交联网络结构完整度低,弹性体呈高伸长率、低抗拉强度和低初始模量的特点。弹性体抗拉强度和初始模量均与交联链网链密度呈正相关;随着物理暂时缠结网链密度的升高,最大伸长率先升高后降低。固化参数为1.6的CU⁃5弹性体交联网络最完整,抗拉强度为0.80 MPa,最大伸长率为1456%,力学性能最优。2种方法测得的网链密度满足低场核磁法交联链密度(νL,A)<溶胀法网链密度(νs)<低场核磁法交联链与悬尾链总网链密度(ν_(L,A+B))的大小关系。

煤系沥青包覆再生石墨微观构造及电化学性能

石墨负极材料易在石墨层间与电解液发生共嵌入导致石墨层膨胀、粉化脱落,严重影响石墨负极材料的循环稳定性。利用沥青对石墨负极进行包覆,形成不定型碳层包覆的“核壳”结构,可减少石墨层的膨胀脱落,提高石墨负极材料的电化学性能。以中温煤焦油沥青为原料,通过空气氧化和聚合交联制备得到高结焦值、高软化点的包覆沥青。通过液相包覆方法,考察了对再生石墨负极的包覆性能。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、氮气吸附、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等方法分析了再生石墨包覆形貌与界面微观结构变化,并对材料电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明,沥青包覆可有效完善再生石墨微观构造。随着沥青包覆量的增加,石墨表面缺陷减少,比表面积和孔容降低;炭化后包覆界面形成不定型碳层,包覆界面无序度随沥青包覆量的增加而升高。不定型碳包覆层的形成显著提高了石墨负极性能,包覆12%沥青的再生石墨比容量达到450 mA·h/g,相比未包覆石墨提升140 mA·h/g;沥青包覆石墨负极首次库伦效率增加11.5%,并且循环稳定性获得改善;在5 A·h下比容量提高至285 mA·h/g,相比未包覆再生石墨提高242.8 mA·h/g,倍率性能突出。

融合社团信息的时序图链路预测算法

时序图旨在表示现实世界中实体之间的时序交互关系,而时序图链路预测是建模这种关系的重要方法。现有基于表示学习的时序图链路预测方法通常基于时序图神经网络建模节点之间交互,并将时间信息融入到图神经网络的消息传递机制中以捕捉交互中的时序关联。时序图神经网络输出的节点嵌入作为时序图表示学习的结果被用于链路预测任务。然而,现有的方法仅考虑了节点之间的交互,而忽视了时序图中广泛存在的社团结构。为解决这一问题,提出一种融合社团信息的时序图链路预测算法(TLPC)。不同于传统社区划分的方法,该方法关注节点邻域社团的表示学习。在节点特征的基础上,引入对比学习技术,使用邻域结构特征采样出正样本和负样本进行对比学习约束,以编码节点所在邻域社团。所学习到的节点邻域社团编码可以有效提升节点嵌入的表示能力,从而提升链路预测的有效性。在四个真实数据集上的时序链路预测任务的实验结果表明,TLPC的准确率相比现有方法平均提升6.47%,F1平均提升6.77%,同时训练时间平均减少62.27%。