According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), fish consumption is the most significant route of mercury exposure, and the concern is greatest for women of childbearing age due to the potential for neurodevel...According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), fish consumption is the most significant route of mercury exposure, and the concern is greatest for women of childbearing age due to the potential for neurodevelopmental effects on a developing fetus. Rates of developmental disorders vary. But in 2008 it was demonstrated that the rate of autism is higher near industries that emit heavy metals. Furthermore past research findings can be taken to show that where a pregnancy occurred may predict later autism likelihood in the offspring more than where diagnosis occurs. If mercury plays any role in developmental disabilities, the rate of disability should relate to any reliable direct measure of contamination. The current research focuses on one index of environmental mercury contamination. Specifically, mercury-related fish advisories are found to be a surprisingly strong predictor of a state’s autism rate, r = 0.48, p < 0.001. The relationship remains strong after controlling for student to teacher ratio and per pupil spending. It is argued that a secular increase in autism has been occurring and that prenatal exposure to heavy metal toxins may play a significant role. Because we suspect this finding may be of some interest, the full data set is provided in the appendix so that researchers can independently analyze the key findings which rely on CDC, EPA and IDEA data sets.展开更多
A population-based screening for stomach cancer (SC) and its precancerous lesions was conducted in Linqu County, Shandong, China, one of the highest SC rates found in China and the world. An analysis of precancerous s...A population-based screening for stomach cancer (SC) and its precancerous lesions was conducted in Linqu County, Shandong, China, one of the highest SC rates found in China and the world. An analysis of precancerous stomach lesions revealed that chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) was a universal common among people aged 35-64 (96-98%). For 52% and 20% of the residents in this age group had Intestinal metaplasia (IM) or dysplssia (DYS). These more advanced lesions were more pronounced in the antrum for both males and females. Age-specific prevalence rates in different anatomic locations sshowed that CAG, developed in the antrum, particularly along the lesser curvature earter than other sites and spread to fundus. IM and DYS accrued under the background of CAG with a leading time in the antrum than the other part of the stomach. Although CAG, IM and DYS prevalence rates were higher in the antrum than In the fundus, the prevalence rates showed a similar smoothly slope, a result of accumulated somatic geneticdamage, suggesting a similar biological response to the stimulation of initiator of carcinogenesis, promoter leading to progression to SC.展开更多
<strong>Importance:</strong> Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pandemic claiming millions of lives since the first outbr...<strong>Importance:</strong> Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pandemic claiming millions of lives since the first outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China during December 2019. It is thus important to make cross-country comparison of the relevant rates and understand the socio-demographic risk factors. <strong>Methods: </strong>This is a record based retrospective cohort study. <strong>Table 1</strong> was extracted from <a href="https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/" target="_blank">https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/</a> and from the Corona virus resource center (<strong>Table 2</strong>, <strong>Figures 1-3</strong>), Johns Hopkins University. Data for <strong>Table 1</strong> includes all countries which reported >1000 cases and <strong>Table 2</strong> includes 20 countries reporting the largest number of deaths. The estimation of CFR, RR and PR of the infection, and disease pattern across geographical clusters in the world is presented. <strong>Results:</strong> From <strong>Table 1</strong>, we could infer that as on 4<sup>th</sup> May 2020, COVID-19 has rapidly spread world-wide with total infections of 3,566,423 and mortality of 248,291. The maximum morbidity is in USA with 1,188,122 cases and 68,598 deaths (CFR 5.77%, RR 15% and PR 16.51%), while Spain is at the second position with 247,122 cases and 25,264 deaths (CFR 13.71%, RR 38.75%, PR 9.78%). <strong>Table 2</strong> depicts the scenario as on 8<sup>th</sup> October 2020, where-in the highest number of confirmed cases occurred in US followed by India and Brazil (cases per million population: 23,080, 5007 & 23,872 respectively). For deaths per million population: US recorded 647, while India and Brazil recorded 77 and 708 respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Studying the distribution of relevant rates across different geographical clusters plays a major role for measuring the disease burden, which in-turn enables implementation of appropriate public healthcare measures.展开更多
Objective: To know the prevalence rate of the acute severe altitude disease of the crowds who are working on the high altitude and the influential foctors upon the people. Method By epidemiology,a survey of 27606 pers...Objective: To know the prevalence rate of the acute severe altitude disease of the crowds who are working on the high altitude and the influential foctors upon the people. Method By epidemiology,a survey of 27606 persons who are working on the plateau has been made in the past three years,of which 229 persons had got the disease. 8175 persons who had received finer basic preventions in the group (Group A), has been compared with 19430 persons who had a weak or no basic provention in the group (Group B); the groups working on the plateau with 3 different elevations of above~3600, ~4600 & 5072 meters sea level have been compared. Resuts: The prevalence rate is 0.83% in total groaps, of wich, high altitude pulmonary edema is 0.50%, high altitude cerebral edema is 0.28%, the patients who has got both the above diseases is 0.05%. The prevalance rates of the above in Group B and those of higher elevation are higher than those in Group A. 0.32% in Group A, and 1.04% in Group B.(x2=36.95, p<0.001);the prevalence rate on the 3 different high elevations are 0.00%, 0.68% and 1.34% in proper order. The prevalence rate of individuals groups in the highest 4.82%(the first year) and 2.26% (the next year ) and all the diseases came on the groups working on the highest elevation areas. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of acute severe plateau disease is very stern, the main influential factors are the height above the sea level, and the level of basic prvention for the crowds. Enhancing the protection of the labourers and medical safeguard, and social psychological adaption can cut down the prevalence rate, and this is the first important problem to solve for the plateau medicine and support from the society.展开更多
Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in China.Current in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood assays.Collection of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and ass...Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in China.Current in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood assays.Collection of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and associated economic losses for the herd owner.This study was designed to investigate the relationship between milk and serum antibody tests for bTB in dairy cows using 85 cows with milk and corresponding blood samples.Totally 4,395 milk samples were used to assesse the apparent(test)prevalence and incidence of bTB using the milk antibody ELISA.The association between levels of bTB milk antibody and milk quality was also evaluated.Milk and serum antibody tests showed a good correlation with a 87.5%(95%CI:61.7%,98.4)positive agreement and 98.7%(95%CI:95.4,99.8)negative agreement.The animal level lactoprevalence ranged from 0.3%(95%CI:0,1.2)to 33.3%(95%CI:26.6,40.6)in different farms and the incidence rate ranged from 0 head/cow-month(95%CI:0,0.02)to 0.04 head/cow-month(95%CI:0.02,0.07).Twenty percent of sampled farms met the criteria for bTB control in China.The prevalence on large-scale farms was lower(p<0.001)than on small farms.The bTB milk antibody levels had a negative correlation with milk yield and a positive correlation with somatic cell count(SCC),milk protein percentage(MPP)and percentage of total solids(TS).According to this research,milk ELISA could be used as a supplement of blood samples to assist in the surveillance for bTB and for alerting control and eradication of bTB.展开更多
目的 分析山东省威海市女性乳腺癌主要流行特征和疾病负担变化趋势,为制定乳腺癌的防控措施提供参考依据。方法 利用山东省肿瘤监测报告系统中2015-2022年威海市居民恶性肿瘤监测数据和同期人口资料,计算女性乳腺癌发病率、患病率、死...目的 分析山东省威海市女性乳腺癌主要流行特征和疾病负担变化趋势,为制定乳腺癌的防控措施提供参考依据。方法 利用山东省肿瘤监测报告系统中2015-2022年威海市居民恶性肿瘤监测数据和同期人口资料,计算女性乳腺癌发病率、患病率、死亡率、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)率、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted of life years,DALY)率及相应的调整率,采用Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0软件计算率的年度变化百分比,并分析女性乳腺癌主要流行特征及疾病负担变化情况。结果 2015-2022年威海市女性乳腺癌粗发病率为50.25/10万~79.80/10万,调整率为31.93/10万~49.03/10万;粗患病率为137.13/10万~499.03/10万,调整率为85.90/10万~276.37/10万;粗死亡率为8.40/10万~12.21/10万,调整率为5.45/10万~7.52/10万,粗发病率、粗患病率及相应的调整率的上升均有统计学意义(t=8.205、t=21.681、t=5.705、t=20.219,均P <0.05)。乳腺癌发病率总体以45~54岁年龄组最高,除0~24岁年龄组外,发病率随年龄增长而升高。其中45~54岁、55~64岁、≥75岁年龄组发病率的上升均有统计学意义(t=7.133、t=4.962、t=4.248,均P <0.05)。2015-2022年威海市女性乳腺癌DALY率为1.76‰~2.30‰,调整率为1.29‰~1.65‰;YLL率为1.28‰~1.75‰,调整率为0.87‰~1.28‰;YLD率为0.44‰~0.67‰,调整率为0.31‰~0.46‰,其中YLD率和调整率均呈上升趋势且有统计学意义(t=6.876、t=5.313,均P <0.05)。DALY率总体以45~54岁年龄组最高;45~54岁、55~64岁年龄组的YLD率以及≥75岁年龄组的YLD率、YLL率均呈上升趋势且有统计学意义(t=7.283、t=4.793,t=4.072、t=4.273,均P <0.05)。结论 威海市女性乳腺癌年度粗发病率和YLD率均呈上升趋势,更多是非人口因素作用的结果。年度死亡率和健康负担总体保持稳定。高龄女性面临着乳腺癌发病率和死亡率双升高的威胁,应作为乳腺癌筛查项目的重点关注人群,并根据环境及行为生活方式方面的乳腺癌危险因素有针对性地开展科普宣传和健康教育。持续升高的患病率加重了患者、家庭和社会的经济负担,是导致疾病负担加重的主要原因,应进一步研究降低与医疗活动有关经济支出的有效方式。展开更多
文摘According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), fish consumption is the most significant route of mercury exposure, and the concern is greatest for women of childbearing age due to the potential for neurodevelopmental effects on a developing fetus. Rates of developmental disorders vary. But in 2008 it was demonstrated that the rate of autism is higher near industries that emit heavy metals. Furthermore past research findings can be taken to show that where a pregnancy occurred may predict later autism likelihood in the offspring more than where diagnosis occurs. If mercury plays any role in developmental disabilities, the rate of disability should relate to any reliable direct measure of contamination. The current research focuses on one index of environmental mercury contamination. Specifically, mercury-related fish advisories are found to be a surprisingly strong predictor of a state’s autism rate, r = 0.48, p < 0.001. The relationship remains strong after controlling for student to teacher ratio and per pupil spending. It is argued that a secular increase in autism has been occurring and that prenatal exposure to heavy metal toxins may play a significant role. Because we suspect this finding may be of some interest, the full data set is provided in the appendix so that researchers can independently analyze the key findings which rely on CDC, EPA and IDEA data sets.
文摘A population-based screening for stomach cancer (SC) and its precancerous lesions was conducted in Linqu County, Shandong, China, one of the highest SC rates found in China and the world. An analysis of precancerous stomach lesions revealed that chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) was a universal common among people aged 35-64 (96-98%). For 52% and 20% of the residents in this age group had Intestinal metaplasia (IM) or dysplssia (DYS). These more advanced lesions were more pronounced in the antrum for both males and females. Age-specific prevalence rates in different anatomic locations sshowed that CAG, developed in the antrum, particularly along the lesser curvature earter than other sites and spread to fundus. IM and DYS accrued under the background of CAG with a leading time in the antrum than the other part of the stomach. Although CAG, IM and DYS prevalence rates were higher in the antrum than In the fundus, the prevalence rates showed a similar smoothly slope, a result of accumulated somatic geneticdamage, suggesting a similar biological response to the stimulation of initiator of carcinogenesis, promoter leading to progression to SC.
文摘<strong>Importance:</strong> Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pandemic claiming millions of lives since the first outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China during December 2019. It is thus important to make cross-country comparison of the relevant rates and understand the socio-demographic risk factors. <strong>Methods: </strong>This is a record based retrospective cohort study. <strong>Table 1</strong> was extracted from <a href="https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/" target="_blank">https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/</a> and from the Corona virus resource center (<strong>Table 2</strong>, <strong>Figures 1-3</strong>), Johns Hopkins University. Data for <strong>Table 1</strong> includes all countries which reported >1000 cases and <strong>Table 2</strong> includes 20 countries reporting the largest number of deaths. The estimation of CFR, RR and PR of the infection, and disease pattern across geographical clusters in the world is presented. <strong>Results:</strong> From <strong>Table 1</strong>, we could infer that as on 4<sup>th</sup> May 2020, COVID-19 has rapidly spread world-wide with total infections of 3,566,423 and mortality of 248,291. The maximum morbidity is in USA with 1,188,122 cases and 68,598 deaths (CFR 5.77%, RR 15% and PR 16.51%), while Spain is at the second position with 247,122 cases and 25,264 deaths (CFR 13.71%, RR 38.75%, PR 9.78%). <strong>Table 2</strong> depicts the scenario as on 8<sup>th</sup> October 2020, where-in the highest number of confirmed cases occurred in US followed by India and Brazil (cases per million population: 23,080, 5007 & 23,872 respectively). For deaths per million population: US recorded 647, while India and Brazil recorded 77 and 708 respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Studying the distribution of relevant rates across different geographical clusters plays a major role for measuring the disease burden, which in-turn enables implementation of appropriate public healthcare measures.
文摘Objective: To know the prevalence rate of the acute severe altitude disease of the crowds who are working on the high altitude and the influential foctors upon the people. Method By epidemiology,a survey of 27606 persons who are working on the plateau has been made in the past three years,of which 229 persons had got the disease. 8175 persons who had received finer basic preventions in the group (Group A), has been compared with 19430 persons who had a weak or no basic provention in the group (Group B); the groups working on the plateau with 3 different elevations of above~3600, ~4600 & 5072 meters sea level have been compared. Resuts: The prevalence rate is 0.83% in total groaps, of wich, high altitude pulmonary edema is 0.50%, high altitude cerebral edema is 0.28%, the patients who has got both the above diseases is 0.05%. The prevalance rates of the above in Group B and those of higher elevation are higher than those in Group A. 0.32% in Group A, and 1.04% in Group B.(x2=36.95, p<0.001);the prevalence rate on the 3 different high elevations are 0.00%, 0.68% and 1.34% in proper order. The prevalence rate of individuals groups in the highest 4.82%(the first year) and 2.26% (the next year ) and all the diseases came on the groups working on the highest elevation areas. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of acute severe plateau disease is very stern, the main influential factors are the height above the sea level, and the level of basic prvention for the crowds. Enhancing the protection of the labourers and medical safeguard, and social psychological adaption can cut down the prevalence rate, and this is the first important problem to solve for the plateau medicine and support from the society.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20259)National Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2021BEF02028)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2021CFA016)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA and Basic and technical innovation team for prevention and control of bovine disease.
文摘Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in China.Current in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood assays.Collection of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and associated economic losses for the herd owner.This study was designed to investigate the relationship between milk and serum antibody tests for bTB in dairy cows using 85 cows with milk and corresponding blood samples.Totally 4,395 milk samples were used to assesse the apparent(test)prevalence and incidence of bTB using the milk antibody ELISA.The association between levels of bTB milk antibody and milk quality was also evaluated.Milk and serum antibody tests showed a good correlation with a 87.5%(95%CI:61.7%,98.4)positive agreement and 98.7%(95%CI:95.4,99.8)negative agreement.The animal level lactoprevalence ranged from 0.3%(95%CI:0,1.2)to 33.3%(95%CI:26.6,40.6)in different farms and the incidence rate ranged from 0 head/cow-month(95%CI:0,0.02)to 0.04 head/cow-month(95%CI:0.02,0.07).Twenty percent of sampled farms met the criteria for bTB control in China.The prevalence on large-scale farms was lower(p<0.001)than on small farms.The bTB milk antibody levels had a negative correlation with milk yield and a positive correlation with somatic cell count(SCC),milk protein percentage(MPP)and percentage of total solids(TS).According to this research,milk ELISA could be used as a supplement of blood samples to assist in the surveillance for bTB and for alerting control and eradication of bTB.
文摘目的 分析山东省威海市女性乳腺癌主要流行特征和疾病负担变化趋势,为制定乳腺癌的防控措施提供参考依据。方法 利用山东省肿瘤监测报告系统中2015-2022年威海市居民恶性肿瘤监测数据和同期人口资料,计算女性乳腺癌发病率、患病率、死亡率、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)率、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted of life years,DALY)率及相应的调整率,采用Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0软件计算率的年度变化百分比,并分析女性乳腺癌主要流行特征及疾病负担变化情况。结果 2015-2022年威海市女性乳腺癌粗发病率为50.25/10万~79.80/10万,调整率为31.93/10万~49.03/10万;粗患病率为137.13/10万~499.03/10万,调整率为85.90/10万~276.37/10万;粗死亡率为8.40/10万~12.21/10万,调整率为5.45/10万~7.52/10万,粗发病率、粗患病率及相应的调整率的上升均有统计学意义(t=8.205、t=21.681、t=5.705、t=20.219,均P <0.05)。乳腺癌发病率总体以45~54岁年龄组最高,除0~24岁年龄组外,发病率随年龄增长而升高。其中45~54岁、55~64岁、≥75岁年龄组发病率的上升均有统计学意义(t=7.133、t=4.962、t=4.248,均P <0.05)。2015-2022年威海市女性乳腺癌DALY率为1.76‰~2.30‰,调整率为1.29‰~1.65‰;YLL率为1.28‰~1.75‰,调整率为0.87‰~1.28‰;YLD率为0.44‰~0.67‰,调整率为0.31‰~0.46‰,其中YLD率和调整率均呈上升趋势且有统计学意义(t=6.876、t=5.313,均P <0.05)。DALY率总体以45~54岁年龄组最高;45~54岁、55~64岁年龄组的YLD率以及≥75岁年龄组的YLD率、YLL率均呈上升趋势且有统计学意义(t=7.283、t=4.793,t=4.072、t=4.273,均P <0.05)。结论 威海市女性乳腺癌年度粗发病率和YLD率均呈上升趋势,更多是非人口因素作用的结果。年度死亡率和健康负担总体保持稳定。高龄女性面临着乳腺癌发病率和死亡率双升高的威胁,应作为乳腺癌筛查项目的重点关注人群,并根据环境及行为生活方式方面的乳腺癌危险因素有针对性地开展科普宣传和健康教育。持续升高的患病率加重了患者、家庭和社会的经济负担,是导致疾病负担加重的主要原因,应进一步研究降低与医疗活动有关经济支出的有效方式。