Effect of Weft Binding Structure on Compression Properties of Three-Dimensional Woven Spacer Fabrics and Composites

With the wide use of three-dimensional woven spacer composites(3DWSCs),the market expects greater mechanical properties from this material.By changing the weft fastening method of the traditional I-shape pile yarns,we designed three-dimensional woven spacer fabrics(3DWSFs)and 3DWSCs with the weft V-shape to improve the compression performance of traditional 3DWSFs.The effects of weft binding structures,V-pile densities,and V-shaped angle were investigated in this paper.It is found that the compression resistance of 3DWSFs with the weft V-shape is improved compared to that with the weft I-shape,the fabric height recovery rate is as high as 95.7%,and the average elastic recovery rate is 59.39%.When the interlayer pile yarn density is the same,the weft V-shaped and weft I-shaped 3DWSCs have similar flatwise pressure and edgewise pressure performance.The compression properties of the composite improve as the density of the V-pile yarns increases.The flatwise compression load decreases as the V-shaped angle decreases.When the V-shaped angle is 28°and 42°,the latitudinal V-shaped 3DWSCs perform exceptionally well in terms of anti-compression cushioning.The V-shaped weft binding method offers a novel approach to structural design of 3DWSCs.

Tensile Properties of Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites

Seven kinds of weft knitted fabrics from glass fiber yarns were used as reinforcement to make fabric/epoxy composite laminates. Tensile tests were carried out to examine and compare the mechanical properties in course and wale direction of these composites. On the basis of experimental results, attempts have been made to analyze some main factors influencing stress-strain curve, ultimate tensile strength and initial elastic modulus of specimens.

3D Modeling and Simulation of Fancy Fabrics in Weft Knitting

Weft knitted fancy fabrics are widely used in knitted garment design. Due to the complexity of the structures, their modeling and simulation needs to be solved in three-dimensional (3D) CAD developments. In this paper, 3D loop geometrical models of weft knitted fancy structures, including tuck stitch, jacquard stitch, transfer stitch and fleecy stitch, were developed based on an improved model of plain loop, and their central axes as some 3D space curves were achieved by using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS). The 3D visual simulation programme was written in C++ programming language using OpenGL, which was a function library of 3D graphics. Some examples of weft knitted fancy fabrics were generated and practical application of 3D simulation was discussed.

Flexural Properties of Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites

Several different kinds of weft knitted fabrics from glass fiber yarns were used as reinforcement to make fabric/polyester composite laminates. Flexural tests were carried out to examine stress- deflection process and compare the mechanical properties in course and wale directions of these composites. The experimental results indicate that the numbers of load-bearing yarn in course and wale direction and the fabric density are the main factors influencing the ultimate tensile strength and initial elastic modulus of specimens.

Modeling Locking Angle of the Multi-layered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric in Shear Deformation

This paper introduces the construction of the multi-layered biaxial weft knitted fabric （MBWK fabric） and studies the locking angle of this kind of fabric. Moreover, a locking angle model of the MBWK fabric is established for the first time according to its unique construction. Two kinds of locking angles are considered under different restraint conditions: the locking angle θ1 controlled by the inserting yarns and the locking angle θ2 controlled by the stitch yarns. It is concluded that the ultimate value of the locking angle θ is the larger one of the two angles.

Web-Based Interactive Simulation of Weft Knitted Fabric

In order to realize parametric simulation of three-dimensional(3D)fabric structure based on web,a 3D model describing a plain knitted fabric,in which the cross-section of the yarn is circular shape and the path of the yarn is cubic B-spline curve,is proposed in this paper.With this model,the 3D simulation of the loop and of the basic structures of the knitted fabric is realized by using Virtual Reality Modeling Language(VRML).The virtual simulation scene is suitable for network transmission with freely available VRML browsers and can be translated,scaled and rotated quite arbitrarily.By using Java and External Authoring Interface(EAI)technology,the web-based interactive simulation platform of weft knitted fabric is established.The user can input type of structures,basic fabric parameters,and yarn colors interactively to obtain a more realistic simulation result in real-time.A new approach is provided to imitate the knitted fabric 3D appearance on network.

Mechanical Properties of Weft-Knitted Spacer Fabrics Integrated with Silica Aerogels

The work investigated surface and mechanical properties of untreated and treated three-layered weftknitted spacer fabrics.In order to optimize the mechanical properties of weft-knitted spacer fabrics,silica aerogels(SAs)coating was employed.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images of untreated and treated spacer fabrics were analyzed to ensure the presence of SAs on the coated spacer fabrics.The basic properties of uncoated and coated weftknitted spacer fabrics were studied and compared.Tensile strength and initial modulus were studied according to the GB/T3923 test standard YG026 MB-250 by testing machine.Moreover,compression properties of spacer fabrics were also tested by HD026 G test instrument.In this testing,work of compression,the linearity of compression,recovery work of compression and other parameters were calculated from stress and strain curves.It was found that SAs coating has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of weftknitted spacer fabrics.The statistical analysis also verified the significant performance(P value smaller than 0.05)of treated fabric samples at the 0.05 level.

Effect of Aramid/Carbon Hybrid on the Tensile Properties of Multilayered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites

The effects of aramid/carbon on tensile properties of multilayered biaxial weft knitted( MBWK) fabric reinforced composites are analyzed by experiments. The tensile tests are inducted by the SHIMADZU AG-250 KNE universal material testing machine and Aramis V6 digital image correlation( DIC) technique.More specifically,the composite samples own four hybrid ratios(Na∶ Nc= 12∶ 0,8 ∶ 4,6 ∶ 6 and 4 ∶ 8). The results showed that the aramid/carbon hybrid MBWK fabric reinforced composites showed nearly linear response until reaching the maximum load and the inserting yarns distribution on the surface of MBWK fabrics reinforced composites had a great influence on the strain pattern distribution. Besides,the tensile strength,the tensile modulus and the elongation at breakage of 0° samples and 90° samples increased with the decreasing of aramid/carbon hybrid ratio. In a word,the changes of tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at breakage have a lot to do with the difference of aramid/carbon hybrid ratio.

A New Method for Measuring the Stitch Length of Weft Knitted Fabric in a Static Environment

It is essential to measure the stitch length of weft knitted fabric in a static environment for economy and improving productivity. The image inputted was dealt with the digital image processing techniques： the paper carried out the transformation of grey scale; then removed impurities with filtering; the characteristic of the stitch structure was abstracted by using the Fourier transform technique. To obtain the stitch length more accurately, we should establish ageometric medal of the stitch lined on the digital image processing, which provides a way to transform the stitch length in the two-dimenslon space into a three-dimension space. This study provides a new methed for measuring the stitch length without damaging the fabric.

Manufacture of Single Cotton Fabric with New Composition, Specified Bend from Yarn Gathered from Local Raw Material Cotton Fiber

The article created 21 types of fabrics for the new composition of dublerin. Tests of various types of weave, fiber composition and yarn count are shown in various ways. The physical and mechanical parameters of the test samples were determined and analyzed at the “Accredited Testing Laboratory for Light Industry Products” at the State Unitary Enterprise “Namangan Center for Testing and Certification”. The reason for such a low performance of the motos of number 15 produced in the scientific research work is that the linear densities of the body and the yarn are four times different, despite the weaving of the fabric. Elongation at break is also dependent on penetration.

The Impact of Fabric Weave and Anisotropy on the Poisson’s Ratio in Technical Fabrics

Poisson’s ratio changes during the tensile stress of technical fabric samples due to the anisotropy of technical fabrics.This paper examines the effects of the type of weave and the anisotropic characteristics of the technical fabric on maximum tensile force,corresponding elongation,work-to-maximum force,elasticity modulus,and Poisson’s ratio when axial tensile forces are applied to samples cut at various angles in the direction of the weft yarns of the technical fabric.In the lab,3 cotton fabric samples of constant warp and weft density with different structural weave types(plain weave,twill weave,atlas weave)were subjected to the tensile force until they broke at the following angles:0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75°,90°.Based on the different measured values of technical fabric stretching in the longitudinal direction and lateral narrowing,Poisson’s ratio is calculated.The Poisson’s ratio was calculated up to a relative elongation of the fabric of 8%,as the buckling of the fabric occurs according to this elongation value.According to the results presented in this paper,the type of weave of the fabric,the direction of tensile force,and the relative narrowing of the technical fabrics all play important roles in the Poisson’s ratio value.The Poisson’s ratio curve of a technical fabric under tensile stress(i.e.elongation)is primarily determined by its behaviour in the opposite direction of the elongation.The change in the value of the Poisson’s ratio is represented by a graph that first increases nonlinearly and then decreases after reaching its maximum value.

基于轻量化卷积神经网络的纬编针织物组织结构分类

为解决纬编针织物组织结构自动分类时现有方法计算量偏大的问题,基于轻量化卷积神经网络,提出了一种改进的纬编针织物组织结构分类方法。采集纬编针织物组织双面的图像,以准确判断其结构类型。在特征提取步骤中,引入了注意力机制模块,修正各个层次特征在通道域和空间域的权重。构建的双分支网络架构能并行提取织物双面的特征信息。在分类阶段,采用了串行策略来融合高维特征向量,以确定纬编针织物组织所属类别。使用准确率、宏精确率、宏召回率以及宏F_(1)评估模型的性能,并统计了参数量和计算复杂度衡量模型的资源消耗。实验结果显示,对于纬编针织物特殊的结构特点,双分支网络架构具有很好的适应性。改进后的模型增强了不同组织间的特征区分度,在受到角度旋转、尺度改变、光照条件变化等干扰下,本文方法的分类准确率可达99.51%,且保持了较小的资源消耗。

纬编电热针织物设计和性能评价

为了探究金属长丝作为电加热元件在纬编电热针织物中的应用,通过赛络菲尔纺工艺开发了棉/铜镁合金和棉/不锈钢复合导电纱,并与碳纤维进行比较,采用罗纹空气层加衬纬组织制作了电加热元件并联的3种电热织物,并对导电纱和纬编织物电热性能进行实测及数据拟合。结果显示:复合导电纱达到导电纱A类产品要求;在12 V电压时,棉/铜镁合金导电纱表面温度最高可达40.9℃;金属复合导电纱电热织物升温和时间、电压有关,电热织物的表面平衡温度与输入功率呈线性关系,温度达45℃以上时,电热织物电阻变化率低于2%,热稳定性好;相同条件下,棉/铜镁合金织物升温速度最快,输入功率最大,在4 V电压下最高温度达49.8℃;采用赛络菲尔复合导电纱开发罗纹空气层加衬纬的纬编电加热织物具有一定的可行性。

纬编双面移圈织物多层弹簧-质点结构模型构建与实现

纬编双面移圈织物工艺结构复杂多变,现有系统在进行设计开发时难以直观地展示出织物的组织结构特点。为实现纬编双面移圈织物的组织结构模拟,本文提出了一种纬编双面移圈织物多层弹簧-质点结构模型。首先建立了成圈、集圈、移圈线圈几何结构模型,接着分析了纬编双面移圈织物结构特征,并在传统弹簧-质点模型的基础上构建了多层弹簧-质点模型,然后采用牛顿第二定律和Velocity-Verlet数值积分法求解了多层弹簧-质点模型的最终位置,最终提出了一种纬编双面移圈织物结构模拟的算法流程。本文建立的多层弹簧-质点结构模型能够反映纬编双面移圈织物的组织结构,具有较好的结构模拟效果。

含镍铬合金丝纬编电加热层复合材料的层间剪切性能

为开发既具有电加热功能特性又满足承载结构基本力学性能要求的玻璃纤维/环氧层合复合材料,选取3种直径的镍铬合金丝,设计制备了平针、罗纹和双罗纹3种组织结构的纬编电加热织物,以镍铬合金丝纬编织物作为中间电加热层,优选热压罐复合成型工艺,制备了玻璃纤维/环氧层合复合材料。利用红外热像仪和万能试验机分别测试了复合材料的电加热性能和层间剪切性能。结果表明:在8 V直流电压下,6种复合材料均能升温到37℃以上,最高可达72℃,耗时30 s;最高平衡温度与镍铬合金丝直径成正相关,平针组织复合材料最高平衡温度最高,双罗纹组织复合材料表面温度均匀性最好;含镍铬合金丝纬编电加热层的玻璃纤维/环氧层合复合材料层间剪切强度相较于不含电加热层复合材料层间剪切强度保留率为74.1%~97.4%。初步研究工作表明,含镍铬合金丝纬编电加热层复合材料可同时实现玻璃纤维/环氧层合复合材料功能与结构的兼顾,有望满足直升机发动机进气道防/除冰系统的设计需求。

结构与工艺要素对PET有光丝织物对比光泽度的影响

为研究织物结构设计要素和上机织造工艺要素对涤纶(PET)有光丝织物光泽度的影响,选用83.3 dtex/36f PET圆形截面大有光全拉伸丝(FDY)作为基材,经线作为双股复捻线,采用变化组织表征值、纬线密度、纬线捻向搭配、穿综数量与位置,以及每筘穿入数制得试样,测取织物的对比光泽度(G_(C))。结果表明:组织浮长线长、组织点分布规则时,织物的G_(C)值较大;在一定上限范围内织物的G_(C)值随纬线密度的增大而增大;不同捻向复捻股线在经、纬方向上的搭配对织物的G_(C)值影响不明显;采用不同综框数或不同穿综位置制备的织物,其G_(C)值差异不明显;采用小筘号多穿入与大筘号少穿入方式制备相同的织物,其G_(C)值差异也不明显。

防刺树脂胶黏剂配方优化与改进研究

现有的防刺树脂胶黏剂在夏季高温环境中进行芳纶防刺无纬布的织造时会有干燥过快的缺点,导致芳纶防刺无纬布单片以及双片出现散片、拉毛等现象,同时在布面上留下较大的胶粒,严重影响车间正常生产效率、防刺无纬布表观质量及其防刺性能。对防刺树脂胶黏剂配方进行优化与改进研究,结果表明,按照质量分数75.00%聚氨酯A、质量分数20.00%聚丙烯酸酯B、质量分数2.50%稳定剂C1、质量分数2.50%树脂D的配方比制得的防刺树脂胶黏剂具有极佳的稳定性,制得的芳纶防刺无纬布的防刺性能最优,具有极大的安全裕度,并且织造得到的芳纶防刺无纬布表观平整、光滑、无明显胶粒,织造过程中无散片、拉毛等现象出现,生产效率及产品质量得到保障。

基于变截面复丝模型的机织物模拟

为解决机织物模拟时因纱线截面不变而导致纱线互相渗透、模拟效果失真等问题,提出一种变截面复丝模型作为机织物模拟时经纬纱的模型。从空间圆参数方程中受到启发,建立空间椭圆参数方程作为纱线的截面模型;提出一种椭圆等分算法,通过等分弧长的方式建立了复丝模型。从受力分析的角度分析纱线中心线上不同位置截面的受挤压程度,建立了平纹及非平纹组织的交织模型,并以压扁系数表示不同截面的压扁状态。研究结果表明:变截面椭圆与复丝相结合构成的经纬纱模型模拟效果逼真;交织模型在减少纱线渗透的同时,也更符合实际情况;模拟的机织物表层纹理清晰,达到了预期效果。

基于粒子群算法对纬编针织物Johnson-Champoux-Allard模型参数反分析研究

为快速获取纬编针织物JCA(Johnson-Champoux-Allard)模型参数,建立材料、结构与模型函数关系,实现吸声性能预估,提出迭代次数少、可快速达到全局最优解的粒子群算法对JCA模型进行反分析求解,并以吸声系数实验值和设定值差值平方和的最小值为适应度函数,设置约束,添加学习因子与惯性权重对反分析过程进行限制,多次迭代得到孔隙率、流阻率、曲折因子、黏性特征长度与热特征长度的数值;然后建立JCA模型参数(孔隙率与流阻率)与针织物结构参数(未充满系数)的函数关系,以达到快速获取不同结构针织物JCA模型参数,进而对其吸声情况进行预估的目的;最后,用有限元方法对快速获得的JCA模型参数准确性进行验证。结果表明:基于粒子群算法可精确获得针织物JCA模型的5种参数,迭代次数少于200;针对纬平针组织不同规格,未充满系数可直接换算结构参数(孔隙率与流阻率),结合已知材料参数(曲折因子、黏性特征长度与热特征长度)快速计算出纬平针组织和双反面组织的吸声系数曲线发现,吸声系数曲线拟合度较高,R^(2)分别为0.809和0.852。

三维圆筒织物的织造工艺研究

为解决织造大直径三维圆筒织物时存在的边缝、缺经等问题,提出了一种三维圆筒机织法。根据三维圆筒织物结构,设计添经工艺,绘制纹板图,并在三维圆筒织机上进行织造。结果表明:采用三维圆筒机织法,应用弧形分布开口机构中的综眼和打纬优化后的纬密,并合理设计不同层的经纱数量,能够较好地织造出大直径的三维圆筒织物。认为:织物的尺寸以及规格由工艺结构、每次的卷曲长度、经纱纬纱数量及规格等决定,可以应用于大型筒状结构预制体的规格化、连续化生产。