Optimizing loading path and die linetype of large length-to-diameter ratio metal stator screw lining hydroforming

In order to meet the high temperature environment requirement of deep and superdeep well exploitation, a technology of large length-to-diameter ratio metal stator screw lining meshing with rotor is presented. Based on the elastic-plasticity theory, and under the consideration of the effect of tube size, material mechanical parameters, friction coefficient and loading paths, the external pressure plastic forming mechanical model of metal stator screw lining is established, to study the optimal loading path of metal stator lining tube hydroforming process. The results show that wall thickness reduction of the external pressure tube hydroforming(THF) is about 4%, and three evaluation criteria of metal stator screw lining forming quality are presented: fillet stick mold coefficient, thickness relative error and forming quality coefficient. The smaller the three criteria are, the better the forming quality is.Each indicator has a trend of increase with the loading rate reducing, and the adjustment laws of die arc transition zone equidistance profile curve are acquired for improving tube forming quality. Hence, the research results prove the feasibility of external pressure THF used for processing high-accuracy large length-to-diameter ratio metal stator screw lining, and provide theoretical basis for designing new kind of stator structure which has better performance and longer service life.

Inter-stage line ratio of He- and Li-like Ti emissions for the electron temperature measurement

Under coronal conditions, the steady state rate-equations are used to calculate the inter-stage line ratios between Li-like ls22p(2P3/2)→ls22s(2S1/2) and He-like ls2p(1P1)→1s2(1S0) transitions for Ti in the electronic temperature ranges from 0.1keV to 20 keV. The results show that the temperature sensitivities are higher at the electronic temperature less than 5000 eV and the temperature sensitivities will decrease with the increase of electronic temperature.

Study on the Relationship of Seedling Density and Line Spacing to Leaf-stem Ratio, DW/FW Ratio and Grass Yield of Forage Sweet Sorghum

[ Objectives ] The aim was to optimize the configuration of seedling density and line spacing of forage sweet sorghum （ Sorghum blcolor （ L. ） Moench） and explore its high-yield cultivation techniques. [ Methods] Effects of such two influencing factors as line spacing and seedling density on the leaf-stem ratio, DW/FW ratio and grass yield of forage sweet sorghum were analyzed by using split-plot experiment design experiment method and LSD method of IBM. SPSS. Statis- tics. v22 stati, stics software. [ Results ~ Seedling density and line spacing had no obvious effect on the leaf-stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sweet sorghum but had obvious influences on the grass yield. Moreover, the optimal combination of seedling density and line spacing for high yield of forage sweet sorghum was A2 B4, that is, seedling density was 225 000 plants/hm2, and line spacing was 40 cm. [ Conclusions] The results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for high-yield cultivation techniques of forage sweet sorghum.

Novel camera calibration method based on invariance of collinear points and pole-polar constraint

To address the eccentric error of circular marks in camera calibration,a circle location method based on the invariance of collinear points and pole–polar constraint is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the centers of the ellipses are extracted,and the real concentric circle center projection equation is established by exploiting the cross ratio invariance of the collinear points.Subsequently,since the infinite lines passing through the centers of the marks are parallel,the other center projection coordinates are expressed as the solution problem of linear equations.The problem of projection deviation caused by using the center of the ellipse as the real circle center projection is addressed,and the results are utilized as the true image points to achieve the high precision camera calibration.As demonstrated by the simulations and practical experiments,the proposed method performs a better location and calibration performance by achieving the actual center projection of circular marks.The relevant results confirm the precision and robustness of the proposed approach.

Plasma Parameters of a Gliding Arc Jet at Atmospheric Pressure Obtained by a Line-Ratio Method

A generator of the gliding arc jet （GAJ）, which is driven by a transverse magnetic field, is developed to produce non-equilibrium plasma at atmospheric pressure. The gas temperature is estimated using the spectrum of OH radicals to be about 2400±400 K. The determinations of electron temperature and electron density by using a line-ratio method are elaborated for the gliding arc jet plasma. This line-ratio method is based on a collisional-radiative model. The experiment results show that electron temperature is about 1.0 eV and electron density is about 6.9×1014 cm-3 . Obviously, the plasma of GAJ is in a non-equilibrium state.

P|rj,on-line|∑C_j的一类在线算法与竞争比分析

本文研究平等机上的在线排序问题,优化目标是使总完工时间最小,算法SSPT是此问题的一类在线算法,论文引入一个拟时间表,此时间表具有SRPT时间表的部分性质,论文通过此辅助时间表证明了SSPT算法是(3-1/m)-competitive的。

不同激励方式下输电塔模态参数识别研究

风荷载是输电塔主要控制荷载,阻尼比的取值直接影响输电塔结构风荷载的设计值,输电铁塔阻尼比取值对输电线路的抗风设计有着重要意义。输电塔设计阶段的阻尼比取值按国标GB 50009—2012中钢结构标准取0.01,为准确研究输电塔的动力参数,对两基规格相同的110 kV单塔结构与塔-线体系输电塔进行现场测试。通过4种不同激励方式对输电塔施加激励,获取不同激励方式下输电塔加速度响应信号,采用修正平均周期图法对响应信号进行降噪处理,采用半功率带宽法对响应信号进行动力参数识别。研究结果表明:环境随机激振方法可以满足输电铁塔阻尼比辨识精度的要求;微幅振动条件下,是否挂线对输电塔顺横担方向阻尼比取值影响不大,顺导线方向塔-线体系相对于单塔结构阻尼比取值约减小20%。

Ultimate end bearing capacity of rock-socketed pile based on generalized nonlinear unified strength criterion

In order to study the mechanism of bearing behavior at the tip of a pile embedded in rock, the generalized nonlinear unified strength criterion and slip line principle for resolving the differential equation systems which govern the stress field were applied to derive the ultimate end beating capacity based on some reasonable hypothesis and failure plane model. Both numerical simulation and test results were compared with the theoretic solution. The results show good consistency with each other and verify the validity of the present approach. The depth effect with respective to embedment ratio and other influence factors like geological strength index, intermediate principal stress, overburden factor, and damage on end bearing capacity were discussed in the analytical solution. The results show that the proposed yield criterion can be much better for investigating the ultimate end bearing performance of rock-socketed pile. The end bearing capacity increases with embedment ratio and the increasing degree is influenced intensely by the above parameters. Furthermore, ignoring intermediate stress effect would underestimate the strength properties of the rock material and lead to a very conservative estimation value.

Algorithms for semi on-line multiprocessor scheduling problems

In the classical multiprocessor scheduling problems, it is assumed that the problems are considered in off\|line or on\|line environment. But in practice, problems are often not really off\|line or on\|line but somehow in between. This means that, with respect to the on\|line problem, some further information about the tasks is available, which allows the improvement of the performance of the best possible algorithms. Problems of this class are called semi on\|line ones. The authors studied two semi on\|line multiprocessor scheduling problems, in which, the total processing time of all tasks is known in advance, or all processing times lie in a given interval. They proposed approximation algorithms for minimizing the makespan and analyzed their performance guarantee. The algorithms improve the known results for 3 or more processor cases in the literature.

Research on Evaluating Index of Lightning Protection Safety Performance of High Voltage Overhead Transmission Line

In order to improve the lightning protection performance of transmission lines, lightning protection management has been divided into every tower that lightning protection performance has been evaluated respectively. According to factors such as landform, span, tower type, grounding resistance, isolator type, and so on, relative ratio of tripping operation of every tower in the line has been calculated to evaluate its lightning protection safety performance, it is beneficial to operation maintenance and lightning reconstruction of transmission lines.

Stomatal response of Pinus sylvestriformis to elevated CO2 concentrations during the four years of exposure

Four-year-old Pinus sylvestriformis were exposed for four growing seasons in open top chambers to ambient CO2 concentration (approx. 350 μmol·mol-1) and high CO2 concentrations (500 and 700 μmol·mol-1) at Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences at Antu Town, Jilin Province, China (42oN, 128oE). Stomatal response to elevated CO2 concentrations was examined by stomatal conductance (gs), ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (ci/ca) and stomatal number. Reciprocal transfer experiments of stomatal conductance showed that stomatal conductance in high-[CO2]-grown plants increased in comparison with ambient-[CO2]-grown plants when measured at their respective growth CO2 concentration and at the same measurement CO2 concentration (except a reduction in 700 μmol·mol-1 CO2 grown plants compared with plants on unchambered field when measured at growth CO2 concentration and 350 μmol·mol-1CO2). High-[CO2]-grown plants exhibited lower ci/ca ratios than ambient-[CO2]-grown plants when measured at their respective growth CO2 concentration. However, ci/ca ratios increased for plants grown in high CO2 concentrations compared with control plants when measured at the same CO2 concentration. There was no significant difference in stomatal number per unit long needle between elevated and ambient CO2. However, elevated CO2 concentrations reduced the total stomatal number of whole needle by the decline of stomatal line and changed the allocation pattern of stomata between upper and lower surface of needle.

A method of line spectrum extraction based on target radiated spectrum feature and its post-processing

To improve the ability of detecting underwater targets under strong wideband interference environment,an efficient method of line spectrum extraction is proposed,which fully utilizes the feature of the target spectrum that the high intense and stable line spectrum is superimposed on the wide continuous spectrum.This method modifies the traditional beam forming algorithm by calculating and fusing the beam forming results at multi-frequency band and multi-azimuth interval,showing an excellent way to extract the line spectrum when the interference and the target are not in the same azimuth interval simultaneously.Statistical efficiency of the estimated azimuth variance and corresponding power of the line spectrum band depends on the line spectra ratio(LSR)of the line spectrum.The change laws of the output signal to noise ratio(SNR)with the LSR,the input SNR,the integration time and the filtering bandwidth of different algorithms bring the selection principle of the critical LSR.As the basis,the detection gain of wideband energy integration and the narrowband line spectrum algorithm are theoretically analyzed.The simulation detection gain demonstrates a good match with the theoretical model.The application conditions of all methods are verified by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and experimental data from Qiandao Lake.In fact,combining the two methods for target detection reduces the missed detection rate.The proposed post-processing method in2-dimension with the Kalman filter in the time dimension and the background equalization algorithm in the azimuth dimension makes use of the strong correlation between adjacent frames,could further remove background fluctuation and improve the display effect.

ON-LINE PROBLEMS OF MINIMIZING MAKESPAN ON A SINGLE BATCH PROCESSING MACHINE WITH NONIDENTICAL JOB SIZES

The on-line problem of scheduling on a batch processing machine with nonidentical job sizes to minimize makespan is considered. The batch processing machine can process a number of jobs simultaneously as long as the total size of these jobs being processed does not exceed the machine capacity. The processing time of a batch is given by the longest processing time of any job in the batch. Each job becomes available at its arrival time, which is unknown in advance, and its processing time becomes known upon its arrival. The paper deals with two variants： the case only with two distinct arrival times and the general case. For the first case, an on-line algorithm with competitive ratio 119/44 is given. For the latter one, a simple algorithm with competitive ratio 3 is given. For both variants the better ratios can be obtained if the problem satisfies proportional assumption.

Semi On-line Scheduling Problem for Maximizing the Minimum Machine Completion Time on mIdentical Machines

In this paper, a semi on-line version on m ide ntical machines M 1, M 2, …,M m(m≥3) was considered, where th e processing time of the largest job is known in advance. Our goal is to maximiz e the minimum machine load, an NPLS algorithm was presented and its worst-case ratio was proved to be equal to m-1 which is the best possible value. It is concluded that if the total processing time of jobs is also known to be greater than (2m-1)p max where p max is the largest job' s processing time, then the worst-case ratio is 2-1/m.

基于响应面法的汽车翼子板冲压成形工艺多目标优化

为解决汽车翼子板冲压成形时出现的破裂、表面凹陷及滑移线等质量问题,利用Autoform软件对拉延成形过程进行数值模拟,基于响应面法的中心复合设计,选取压边力、摩擦因数、拉延筋阻力系数为优化变量,以最大减薄率、主次应变、表面滑移线最大滑移距离为优化目标,建立优化变量对优化目标影响的响应面模型,确定最优工艺参数组合为:压边力700 kN,摩擦因数0.15,拉延筋1、拉延筋2、拉延筋3和拉延筋4的阻力系数分别为0.45、0.45、0.35和0.45 N·mm^(-1)。基于最优工艺参数的模拟结果,通过设计加强拉延筋将表面滑移线最大滑移距离降为4.94 mm。对比模拟结果和实际试模样件的检测结果发现,两者基本一致,制件的最大减薄率、主次应变、表面滑移线最大滑移距离均满足技术要求,从而验证了响应面法优化冲压工艺的可行性和有效性。

基于限流电抗器两侧特定频段暂态能量比的MTDC电网单端量保护方案

柔性直流输电技术有利于未来大量分布式能源接入电网,而配置快速、可靠的保护方案是柔性直流技术发展的关键。基于直流电网等效模型,提出一种基于限流电抗器两侧电压特定频段暂态能量比差异性的单端量故障区域识别方法。该方法依据贝瑞隆等效模型计算出限流电抗器两侧电压比,通过广义S变换提取限流电抗器两侧特定频段电压,根据故障时正负极限流电抗器的电压幅值差的差异性实现故障选极。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建仿真模型,分析出发生区内外故障时差异性明显,具备较强的耐过渡电阻与抗噪声干扰能力。

兼顾传输功率和衰减因素的同轴线半径比优化方法

针对传统的通用型同轴线产品设计、制造基础理论缺陷和目前微波采油现场利用地下石油管构建超长、功率容量大及能量损耗小的井筒同轴线工程需求,进行通用型同轴线结构优化理论和设计方法研究;突破经典的单因素优化方法约束,基于同轴线上传输功率、能量损耗与衰减系数三者之间固有的物理关系,构造兼顾最大传输功率和最小衰减系数双重因素影响的目标函数数学模型;提出同轴线半径比优化设计方法。结果表明:通用型同轴线的外、内导体半径比最优值为2.11,特性阻抗标称值为45Ω;同轴线传输特性对其导体半径比的变化很敏感,应用经典的单因素优化结果不能满足使用要求,只有兼顾最大传输功率和最小衰减系数双重因素影响才能使通用型同轴线具有通用性功能,本文的理论结果与同轴线单模传输公式相结合,构成了完整的通用型同轴线结构优化设计理论体系。

索-悬链线拱联合结构的受力机理与力学特征

早期拱桥已运营多年,缺乏有效的养护,且设计荷载等级偏低;随着交通量的增加及车辆超载,其在活载作用下的力学性能已不能满足现代交通需求。为改善此类拱桥的受力性能,提出一种索-悬链线拱联合结构,在拱肋两侧对称设置索,使索和拱肋形成新的受力体系,从而改变悬链线拱结构的传力路径,进而降低拱结构的内力。在索-拱联合结构图式下,基于弹性中心法对其力法方程进行简化,采用近似曲线积分方法推导了竖向移动荷载作用下拱肋的内力解析解,并借助ANSYS有限元软件验证解析解的准确性;分析了在车道荷载作用下索约束位置、拱轴系数、矢跨比和轴向刚度比等设计参数对拱结构的影响,揭示了索-拱联合结构的受力机理和内力变化规律。研究表明,内力解析解与有限元结果的相对误差在1%以内;索的设置改变了拱结构弯矩影响线量值的正、负区间分布,而且有效地降低了拱结构弯矩影响线的峰值,从而使拱结构的整体弯矩得到较大幅度的降低,弯矩分布更均匀;沿拱脚至拱顶,拱结构弯矩的降低幅度和轴力的增长幅度均逐渐减小;轴向刚度比从0.02增加至0.10,拱脚负弯矩的减小幅度呈非线性增大,最大降幅达63.7%;索力的增长幅度与其数值大小成反比,当索设置在距拱顶0.3L(L为拱跨经)时,索力可增至轴向刚度比为0.02时的1.9倍。矢跨比对拱结构内力带来的影响不容忽视,矢跨比越大拱结构的内力变化幅度越大;拱轴系数对拱结构内力的影响可以忽略。

街道界面与街道网络的形态关联性研究——以武汉市中心城区为例

街道是城市物质空间形态的基本构成要素,与人们的生活息息相关。文章以武汉市中心城区为例,分析其街道界面与街道网络的形态关联性。街道界面形态的测度参数为界面密度与近线率,街道网络形态的测度参数为整合度与选择度。结果显示:界面密度与整合度、选择度在全局尺度下均呈现正相关关系,在分区尺度下仅与整合度呈现正相关关系;而近线率与整合度、选择度在全局尺度下均未呈现出相关性,但在分区尺度下与整合度呈现正相关关系。总体而言,街道可达性越高,则对应的街道界面也越密集;但街道界面是否也越整齐则因不同的城市肌理类型而呈现出差异性。研究进一步揭示了城市形态要素间的内在联系,以及各项形态要素在不同城市尺度上与城市空间活力的关联性,可为我国建设充满活力的街道空间提供助力。

汉英双音节词音高突显模式多维对比研究

汉语和英语词内相邻音节语音的异同,是声学对比分析的难点。从音高百分比格局、音高中线、音高调域三个维度,分别对汉语双音节词16种声调组合、相同声调组合与英语双音节词两种重音模式的音高表现,展开全面比较。研究有如下发现:第一,英语两种重音的音高调域突显模式与英语重音类型一致;汉语词内音高起伏变化则受声调组合的影响,音高突显模式各异。第二,英语音高的百分比分布偏低,音高中线均低于50%;汉语大多数首末音节的上线位于50%以上,并且整体分布偏高。第三,汉语阴平中线的分布区间为8—10,阳平中线为4—6,上声中线为3—6,去声中线为6—8;英语两种重音模式的音高中线分布为2—5。第四,汉语相同声调组合的首音节音高中线分布在高、中和次中位区域;英语均分布于次中位区域。