清华大学核研院研制5 MW低温核供热试验堆与10 MW高温气冷实验堆的工程技术创新

清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院(简称核研院)先后在1989年和2000年建成了5 MW低温核供热试验堆与10 MW高温气冷实验堆。在建堆过程中,清华大学核研院坚持设计创新与工具创新、工艺创新、工序创新密切结合,完成了一系列关键设备和零部件的制造与安装,使得整个工程项目顺利完工。在工程史研究中,技术工人做出的创新贡献并未引起学术界足够重视。本文表明,技术工人在工具、工艺、工序、制造与安装阶段的技术创新,亦是工程创新的重要保证。

500 MW级冲击式水轮机配水环管加工工艺研究

介绍了500 MW级冲击式水轮机配水环管的加工工艺以及厂内装配工艺研究。配水环管是冲击式水轮机的重要过流部件,配水环管设计为多节,每节配水环管厂内加工、整体预装完成后分节运输到电站进行装配焊接,各节配水环管的加工尺寸和管口角度对现场安装起决定性的影响,对后期机组的稳定运行有重大影响。通过对配水环管各节加工工艺研究,确定了配水环管制造加工工艺流程,保证了配水环管加工精度和质量,配水环管整体厂内装配,经过高精准测量,保证了配水环管装配后尺寸满足设计和安装要求。

风浪流单独及耦合作用下15 MW级浮式基础动力特性研究

了解风浪流等环境荷载效应对浮式基础设计及优化至关重要,为此,以15 MW级漂浮式基础为研究对象,系统性定量分析风浪流环境荷载单独及耦合作用下对浮式基础运动及系泊系统受力的影响。首先,以INOWINDMOOR 12 MW和TaiDa 15 MW浮式基础为原型设计新的15 MW级浮式基础,并在ANSYS-AQWA建立水动力分析模型,风力荷载及海流荷载通过风力系数、流力系数添加;其次,针对风浪流等环境荷载单独及耦合作用下浮式基础运动和系泊受力等特征开展分析。结果表明:浮式基础运动及系泊受力主要受风力和流力的影响,波浪会加剧浮式基础运动及系泊受力的往复性,并加大运动幅度及系泊受力;流荷载对浮式基础运动及系泊受力影响较大,特别是风、浪与流耦合作用时会导致系泊受力明显增加,实际工程设计时,流荷载应给与重点关注。

Genetic dissection and validation of a major QTL for grain weight on chromosome 3B in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Grain weight is one of the key components of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)yield.Genetic manipulation of grain weight is an efficient approach for improving yield potential in breeding programs.A recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from a cross between W7268 and Chuanyu 12(CY12)was employed to detect quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for thousand-grain weight(TGW),grain length(GL),grain width(GW),and the ratio of grain length to width(GLW)in six environments.Seven major QTLs,QGl.cib-2D,QGw.cib-2D,QGw.cib-3B,QGw.cib-4B.1,QGlw.cib-2D.1,QTgw.cib-2D.1 and QTgw.cib-3B.1,were consistently identified in at least four environments and the best linear unbiased estimation(BLUE)datasets,and they explained 2.61 to 34.85%of the phenotypic variance.Significant interactions were detected between the two major TGW QTLs and three major GW loci.In addition,QTgw.cib-3B.1 and QGw.cib-3B were co-located,and the improved TGW at this locus was contributed by GW.Unlike other loci,QTgw.cib-3B.1/QGw.cib-3B had no effect on grain number per spike(GNS).They were further validated in advanced lines using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers,and a comparison analysis indicated that QTgw.cib-3B.1/QGw.cib-3B is likely a novel locus.Six haplotypes were identified in the region of this QTL and their distribution frequencies varied between the landraces and cultivars.According to gene annotation,spatial expression patterns,ortholog analysis and sequence variation,the candidate gene of QTgw.cib-3B.1/QGw.cib-3B was predicted.Collectively,the major QTLs and KASP markers reported here provide valuable information for elucidating the genetic architecture of grain weight and for molecular marker-assisted breeding in grain yield improvement.

300 MW CFB锅炉旋风分离器改造数值模拟研究

旋风分离器分离性能会显著影响循环流化床锅炉的运行。为解决某300 MW循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器分离器性能差的问题,基于欧拉-拉格朗日框架,使用UGNX12.0软件对该300 MW循环流化床锅炉的炉膛、旋风分离器、返料阀按照实际尺寸1∶1建立全回路几何模型,根据实际参数设置边界条件,并通过Barracuda软件进行数值模拟,分析旋风分离器烟道入口各参数(入口烟道高度、入口烟道宽度、入口下倾角大小及中心筒插入深度)对旋风分离器效率及压降的影响;综合考虑分离器的分离效率、压降以及磨损量,提出了2个改造方案。仿真结果表明:炉膛内压力模拟值与实际值的偏差均在5%以内,模拟结果较为精确;2个方案在各负荷下均能提升旋风分离器分离性能,方案1满负荷下效率相较于较改造前提升了0.260%,压降降低了13.1 Pa,方案2满负荷下效率相较于改造前提升了0.240%,压降降低了53.7 Pa;随着负荷降低,旋风分离器效率提升逐渐不明显,在300、260和160 MW负荷下,方案1分别提升0.263%、0.178%和0.023%,方案2分别提升0.243%、0.174%和0.020%。

Screening biomarkers for spinal cord injury using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and machine learning

Immune changes and inflammatory responses have been identified as central events in the pathological process of spinal co rd injury.They can greatly affect nerve regeneration and functional recovery.However,there is still limited understanding of the peripheral immune inflammato ry response in spinal cord inju ry.In this study.we obtained microRNA expression profiles from the peripheral blood of patients with spinal co rd injury using high-throughput sequencing.We also obtained the mRNA expression profile of spinal cord injury patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database(GSE151371).We identified 54 differentially expressed microRNAs and 1656 diffe rentially expressed genes using bioinformatics approaches.Functional enrichment analysis revealed that various common immune and inflammation-related signaling pathways,such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation pathway,T cell receptor signaling pathway,and nuclear factor-κB signal pathway,we re abnormally activated or inhibited in spinal cord inju ry patient samples.We applied an integrated strategy that combines weighted gene co-expression network analysis,LASSO logistic regression,and SVM-RFE algorithm and identified three biomarke rs associated with spinal cord injury:ANO10,BST1,and ZFP36L2.We verified the expression levels and diagnostic perfo rmance of these three genes in the original training dataset and clinical samples through the receiver operating characteristic curve.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that ANO20 and BST1 mRNA levels were increased and ZFP36L2 mRNA was decreased in the peripheral blood of spinal cord injury patients.We also constructed a small RNA-mRNA interaction network using Cytoscape.Additionally,we evaluated the proportion of 22 types of immune cells in the peripheral blood of spinal co rd injury patients using the CIBERSORT tool.The proportions of naive B cells,plasma cells,monocytes,and neutrophils were increased while the proportions of memory B cells,CD8^(+)T cells,resting natural killer cells,resting dendritic cells,and eosinophils were markedly decreased in spinal cord injury patients increased compared with healthy subjects,and ANO10,BST1 and ZFP26L2we re closely related to the proportion of certain immune cell types.The findings from this study provide new directions for the development of treatment strategies related to immune inflammation in spinal co rd inju ry and suggest that ANO10,BST2,and ZFP36L2 are potential biomarkers for spinal cord injury.The study was registe red in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration No.ChiCTR2200066985,December 12,2022).

5MW陆上风力发电系统故障建模与仿真

随着风电行业对系统稳定性要求的提高,对其进行准确的故障建模是十分必要的。以Openfast中提供的5 MW陆上风机模型为背景,建立了风电系统传感器和执行器故障模型,采用增益PI变桨距控制。在Simulink中搭建了控制子系统模型与其联合仿真,在此基础上对变桨系统的执行器以及转速传感器分别进行故障模拟,结果显示系统能够准确反映各种故障发生时的情况,验证了该故障模型具有一定的准确性,为后续的故障诊断和容错控制的工作提供了基础。

The MW5.5 earthquake on August 6,2023,in Pingyuan,Shandong,China:A rupture on a buried fault

On August 6,2023,a magnitude MW5.5 earthquake struck Pingyuan County,Dezhou City,Shandong Province,China.This event was significant as no large earthquakes had been recorded in the region for over a century,and no active fault had been previously identified.This study collects 1309 P-wave arrival times and 866 S-wave arrival times from 74 seismic stations less than 200 km to the epicenter to constrain the spatial distribution of the mainshock and its 125 early aftershocks by the double difference earthquake relocation method,and selects 864 P-waveforms from 288 stations located within 800 km of the epicenter to constrain the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock through centroid moment tensor inversion.The relocation and the inversion indicate,the Pingyuan MW5.5 earthquake was caused by a rupture on a buried fault,likely an extensive segment of the Gaotang fault.This buried fault exhibited a dip of approximately 75°to the northwest,with a strike of 222°,similar to the Gaotang fault.The rupture initiated at the depth of 18.6 km and propagated upward and northeastward.However,the ground surface was not broken.The total duration of the rupture was~6.0 s,releasing the scalar moment of 2.5895×1017 N·m,equivalent to MW5.54.The moment rate reached the maximum only 1.4 seconds after the rupture initiation,and the 90%scalar moment was released in the first 4.6 s.In the first 1.4 seconds of the rupture process,the rupture velocity was estimated to be 2.6 km/s,slower than the local S-wave velocity.As the rupture neared its end,the rupture velocity decreased significantly.This study provides valuable insights into the seismic characteristics of the Pingyuan MW5.5 earthquake,shedding light on the previously unidentified buried fault responsible for the seismic activity in the region.Understanding the behavior of such faults is crucial for assessing seismic hazards and enhancing earthquake preparedness in the future.

Structural characterizations andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides with different molecular weights

Four polysaccharides(MCPa,MCPb,MCPc,MCPd)were obtained from Lepidium meyenii Walp.Their structures were characterized by chemical and instrumental methods including total sugar,uronic acid and protein content determi-nation,UV,IR and NMR spectroscopy,as well as monosaccharide composition determination and methylation analy-ses.Four polysaccharides were a group of glucans with different molecular weights ranging from 3.12 to 14.4 kDa,and shared a similar backbone chain consisting of(1→4)-glucose linkages with branches attached to C-3 and C-6.Furthermore,bioactivity assay showed that MCPs had concentration-dependent inhibitory activity onα-glucosidase.MCPb(Mw=10.1 kDa)and MCPc(Mw=5.62 kDa)with moderate molecular weights exhibited higher inhibitory activ-ity compared with MCPa and MCPd.

1000 MW水轮机转轮径向安装偏差对流动特征的影响

本文以百万千瓦混流机组为研究对象,使用ANSYS软件进行三维全流道稳态数值分析。探究在额定工况下,当转轮出现Y轴负方向0.1 mm、0.3 mm、0.5 mm、1.5 mm、2.5 mm的径向安装偏差时,间隙分布不均匀对于百万千瓦大型水轮机组内部流动特征的影响。研究发现,在一定偏差数值内,随着间隙的减小,该区域压力逐渐上升,但超过该数值以后,流体无法流入则变为了低压区。另外,上冠腔和下环腔均出现了相同数量的旋涡演变周期,但旋涡的发生位置不同,上冠腔旋涡较剧烈,且数量与叶片数呈非整数倍关系。最后阐明了下环腔内壁面受到的旋涡流动冲击程度要大于上冠腔内壁面。因此,本研究可以应用于其他大中型混流式水轮机的设计与安装,对于提高水轮机运行质量、降低运行成本和提高水电站效益具有重要意义。

Projecting Wintertime Newly Formed Arctic Sea Ice through Weighting CMIP6 Model Performance and Independence

Precipitous Arctic sea-ice decline and the corresponding increase in Arctic open-water areas in summer months give more space for sea-ice growth in the subsequent cold seasons. Compared to the decline of the entire Arctic multiyear sea ice,changes in newly formed sea ice indicate more thermodynamic and dynamic information on Arctic atmosphere–ocean–ice interaction and northern mid–high latitude atmospheric teleconnections. Here, we use a large multimodel ensemble from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) to investigate future changes in wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice. The commonly used model-democracy approach that gives equal weight to each model essentially assumes that all models are independent and equally plausible, which contradicts with the fact that there are large interdependencies in the ensemble and discrepancies in models' performances in reproducing observations. Therefore, instead of using the arithmetic mean of well-performing models or all available models for projections like in previous studies, we employ a newly developed model weighting scheme that weights all models in the ensemble with consideration of their performance and independence to provide more reliable projections. Model democracy leads to evident bias and large intermodel spread in CMIP6 projections of newly formed Arctic sea ice. However, we show that both the bias and the intermodel spread can be effectively reduced by the weighting scheme. Projections from the weighted models indicate that wintertime newly formed Arctic sea ice is likely to increase dramatically until the middle of this century regardless of the emissions scenario.Thereafter, it may decrease(or remain stable) if the Arctic warming crosses a threshold(or is extensively constrained).

Unsupervised Functional Data Clustering Based on Adaptive Weights

In recent years, functional data has been widely used in finance, medicine, biology and other fields. The current clustering analysis can solve the problems in finite-dimensional space, but it is difficult to be directly used for the clustering of functional data. In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised clustering algorithm based on adaptive weights. In the absence of initialization parameter, we use entropy-type penalty terms and fuzzy partition matrix to find the optimal number of clusters. At the same time, we introduce a measure based on adaptive weights to reflect the difference in information content between different clustering metrics. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm has higher purity than some algorithms.

Inter-Provincial Transaction Model in Two-Level ElectricityMarket Considering Carbon Emission and Consumption Responsibility Weights

In the context of the joint operation of China’s intra-provincial markets and inter-provincial trading,how to meet the load demand and energy consumption using inter-provincial renewable energy trading is a key problem.The combined operation of intra-provincial and inter-provincial markets provides a new way for provincial power companies to optimize and clear the intra-provincial power market,complete the intra-provincial consumption responsibility weight index,and consume renewable energy across provinces and regions.This paper combines power generation and consumption within the province,uses inter-provincial renewable energy trading tomeet the load demand within the province and completes the index of intra-provincial consumption responsibility weights.The intra-provincial market trading and inter-provincial market clearing are respectively taken as the upper and lower levels of the model.Under the two-level electricity market operation framework,the upper-level model aims to minimize the expected total operating cost within the province considering the carbon emission cost and the weight of the consumption responsibility,while the lower-level model aims to minimize the inter-provincial renewable energy purchasing cost.Finally,the influence of inter-provincial transaction mechanism,risk aversion coefficient,voucher price,and responsibility weight on operating cost is analyzed.Simulation is used to verify that the proposed model can meet the requirements of the provincial load power consumption and the consumption responsibility weight index,and promote the consumption of renewable energy.

Assessing Criteria Weights by the Symmetry Point of Criterion (Novel SPC Method)–Application in the Efficiency Evaluation of the Mineral Deposit Multi-Criteria Partitioning Algorithm

Information about the relative importance of each criterion or theweights of criteria can have a significant influence on the ultimate rank of alternatives.Accordingly,assessing the weights of criteria is a very important task in solving multi-criteria decision-making problems.Three methods are commonly used for assessing the weights of criteria:objective,subjective,and integrated methods.In this study,an objective approach is proposed to assess the weights of criteria,called SPCmethod(Symmetry Point of Criterion).This point enriches the criterion so that it is balanced and easy to implement in the process of the evaluation of its influence on decision-making.The SPC methodology is systematically presented and supported by detailed calculations related to an artificial example.To validate the developed method,we used our numerical example and calculated the weights of criteria by CRITIC,Entropy,Standard Deviation and MEREC methods.Comparative analysis between these methods and the SPC method reveals that the developedmethod is a very reliable objective way to determine the weights of criteria.Additionally,in this study,we proposed the application of SPCmethod to evaluate the efficiency of themulti-criteria partitioning algorithm.The main idea of the evaluation is based on the following fact:the greater the uniformity of the weights of criteria,the higher the efficiency of the partitioning algorithm.The research demonstrates that the SPC method can be applied to solving different multi-criteria problems.

660MW锅炉燃烧与中速磨参数匹配控制技术研究及应用

在当前能源结构日益复杂和环保要求不断提高的背景下,660MW锅炉燃烧与中速磨参数匹配的研究显得尤为重要。660MW大型火力发电机组是电力系统中的重要组成部分,其燃烧效率直接影响到电力生产的经济性和环境影响。通过深入研究燃烧与磨煤的参数匹配,可以有效提高燃料的利用率,降低氮氧化物和颗粒物排放,实现绿色、高效发电。

新型查尔酮衍生物MW-9抑制MAPK信号通路治疗小鼠溃疡性结肠炎

目的揭示新型查耳酮衍生物MW-9抑制MAPK通路治疗溃疡性结肠炎的效应机制,为查尔酮衍生物MW-9治疗溃疡性结肠炎提供科学依据。方法建立细菌脂多糖诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症模型,MTT法检测MW-9对细胞活度的影响;Griess法检测细胞NO含量;ELISA法检测细胞培养上清及血清中炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平。构建葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠模型,记录体质量;HE染色检测结肠病理损伤程度;Western blot测定结肠组织MAPK通路关键蛋白p38、ERK1/2、JNK的磷酸化水平。结果MW-9明显抑制RAW264.7细胞NO的产生,其IC50为20.47 mg·L^(-1),抑制炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的高表达(P<0.05)。MW9在低于6 mg·L^(-1)的浓度下无明显细胞毒性。MW-9治疗后,小鼠体质量下降减缓,可降低血清中促炎因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平;与模型组比较,MW-9明显降低MAPK通路中磷酸化p38和ERK1/2蛋白的表达水平。结论新型查耳酮衍生物MW-9在体内外具有明显的抗炎活性,其治疗溃疡性结肠炎作用机制可能与抑制MAPK信号通路有关。

660MW超超临界循环流化床机组主厂房布置研究

作为一种先进的低碳发电技术,超超临界循环流化床机组具有广阔的市场前景。本文结合某660 MW超超临界循环流化床机组工程实际对主厂房布置进行研究。通过对方案1(三列式前煤仓)和方案2(四列式前煤仓)进行技术比较,推荐采用方案1作为主厂房布置方案。推荐的主厂房布置方案采取了除氧间、煤仓间合并布置的方式,降低了主厂房的占地面积和容积,减少了4大管道的投资,在工程设计上是经济可行的,为大容量超超临界循环流化床机组主厂房布置提供了参考。

某电厂660MW超超临界锅炉过热器和再热器欠温原因分析

火力发电锅炉实际运行中,常常存在一次汽和二次汽欠温的问题,这两个问题都会对锅炉安全和经济运行带来较大影响。本文以某电厂660MW超超临界锅炉为例,重点分析造成锅炉一次汽和二次汽欠温的原因,为同类型机组改造提供参考和借鉴。

某1000MW超超临界机组不同配汽方式对经济性的影响研究

基于某1000MW超超临界机组,分别对喷嘴调节、全周进汽+节流调节、全周进汽+补汽阀调节等配汽方式进行了变工况计算分析,结果表明不同配汽方式对机组变工况性能影响主要体现在主汽压力和高压缸效率变化上,进而影响机组热耗率。针对该机组全年负荷率分布情况进行了综合经济性分析,得出了该机组经济性最优的配汽方式。

Longitudinal changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers in the first year after delivery and its relationship with human milk composition:a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional cohort study

Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term follow-up and preliminarily explore the relationship between maternal body weight and human milk composition,including macronutrients,leptin,and adiponectin.Methods:The study included a longitudinal cohort(122 mothers),and a cross-sectional cohort(37 mothers).The human milk,maternal weight,and dietary surveys were collected in the longitudinal cohort at different follow-up time points(1-14 days postpartum,2-4 months postpartum,5-7 months postpartum,and 12-17 months postpartum).The maternal body weight was analyzed using the responses in the survey questionnaires.A milk analyzer based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIRS)was used to determine milk composition,and nutrition analysis software evaluated dietary intakes.In the cross-sectional cohort,participating mothers were asked to provide blood and human milk samples and pertinent information related to maternal body composition.Maternal body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),while ELISA analyzed leptin and adiponectin in milk and serum.Results:At 5-7 months postpartum,the PPWR of breastfeeding mothers was(2.46±3.59)kg.At 12-17 months postpartum,the PPWR was(0.98±4.06)kg.PPWR was found to be negatively correlated with milk fat content within 14 days postpartum and positively correlated at 2-4 months postpartum.In addition,the maternal weight and body muscle mass were positively correlated with leptin and adiponectin in milk.Plasma leptin was positively correlated with the mother’s body weight,body mass index(BMI),FAT percentage,and body fat mass,while plasma adiponectin did not correlate with any parameter.The results also indicate that the PPWR did not correlate with leptin and adiponectin in plasma or milk.Conclusions:Breastfeeding mothers may retain considerable weight gain one year after delivery.Human milk composition may be related to changes in maternal body weight.Leptin and adiponectin in breast milk and leptin in plasma are associated with the maternal body composition.This study supports the notion that maternal nutritional status may affect offspring health through lactation,and future research should focus on exploring weight management of postpartum mothers.