Cold welding sealing of copper-water micro heat pipe ends

The quality of micro heat pipe(MHP) is strongly affected by sealing technology. Based on the analysis of requirements of sealing technology, a cold welding technology was presented to seal MHP. In the cold welding process, compression force was used to flatten micro groove copper(MGC) tube. Then the bonding of MGC tube was reached because of intensively plastic deformation of MGC tube under pressure. It is found that the plastic deformation area of the cold welding of MGC tube can be divided into three sections. The deformation of micro grooves in each section was investigated; the influence of the dimensions of cylindrical heads on the weld joint shape and strength was studied; and a comparison between smooth copper tube and MGC tube was done. The results show that a groove compression stage exists in the cold welding of MGC tube besides a flattened stage and a melting stage.

Characteristics of thickness distribution of tailor-welded tube hydroforming

Both experimental and mechanical analyses were carried out to investigate the characteristics of thickness distribution for tailor-welded tube (TWT) hydroforming with dissimilar thickness. Then, the effects of weld-seam position and thickness difference were also revealed. A multiple-diameter tube was formed to reveal the characteristics and the regularity of thickness distribution during TWT hydroforming. It is indicated that there are obvious fluctuations in thickness distribution though the TWTs have the same expansion ratio. The thinning ratio of thinner tube is bigger than that of thicker tube especially in the zone closed to the weld-seam. The difference in thinning ratio between two tube segments can reach 9%. Consequently, sudden and large fluctuation of thickness appears in the zone nearby the weld-seam. The difference in thinning ratio between thinner and thicker tubes enlarges as the thickness difference increases, but improves as length ratio increases. Different strain states are the main reason to induce nonuniform thickness distribution. The difference in thickness is the main reason to induce different strain states on thinner and thicker tubes.

Transient out-of-plane distortion of multi-pass fillet welded tube to pipe T-joints

The out-of-plane distortion induced in a multi-pass circumferential fillet welding of tube to pipe under different weld sequences and directions was studied using Finite Element Method(FEM) based Sysweld software and verified experimentally. The FEM analyses consisted of thermal and mechanical analyses.Thermal analysis was validated with experimental transient temperature measurements. In the mechanical analysis, three different weld sequences and directions were considered to understand the mechanism of out-of-plane distortion in the tube to pipe T-joints. It was learnt that the welding direction plays a major role in minimizing the out-of-plane distortion. Further, during circumferential fillet welding of the tube to pipe component, the out-of-plane distortion generated in the x direction was primarily influenced by heat input due to the start and stop points, whereas the distortion in the z direction was influenced by time lag and welding direction. The FEM predicted distortion was compared with experimental measurements and the mechanism of out-of-plane distortion was confirmed.

Mechanism of weld-line movement within hydroforming of tailor-welded tube

To reveal the reason of weld-line movement in hydroforming of a tailor-welded tube (TWT) with dissimilar thickness,the stress ratio of axial stress to circumferential stress is derived by mechanical analysis and analyzed between the thicker and thinner tubes,as well as the property of the axial strain. During TWT hydroforming,tensile strain along axial direction happens on the thinner tube. On the contrary,compressive strain happens on the thicker tube. Experiments are conducted to varify the weld-line movement regularity and strain distribution. It indicates that the weld-line moves from the thinner part to the thicker during TWT hydroforming. The thinning ratio of the thinner tube is bigger than that of the thicker tube,especially in the zone near weldline. Stress ratio difference between the thicker tube and the thinner tube is the main reason of weld-line movement and non-uniform thinning ratio distribution.

Weld Characteristics and NC Bending Formability of QSTE340 Welded Tube

The mechanical characteristics of the weld joint were investigated by tensile test, microstructure test, and microhardness test. The welded tube NC bending tests were carried out to evaluate the weld on the formability of the QSTE340 welded tube. The results show that the wall thinning degree, cross-sectional deformation and springback angle increase significantly as the weld line is located on the outside of the bend compared with that located on the middle and inside, and the welded tubes produce nearly identical performance as the weld line is located on the middle and inside. The wall thickening degree decreases much as the weld line is located on the inside of the bend. So the welded tube can acquire good bending formability as the weld line is located in the region away from the outside of the bend.

A Study of the Welding Parameters for High Frequency Welded Pipes

In cold roll forming, steel pipes are welded with different technology parameters in order to improve the steel pipe＇s quality, thus we should optimize the technology parameters for producing steel pipes. By means of metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope examination, hardness test, impact test, bend test, tensile test and so on, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel pipes were investigated. The test results show that welding defects such as crack and blowholes are not found. The microstructure of the welded metal is Widmanstatten ; the microstructure of the heat affected zone is Widmanstatten, pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite, and the base metal is pearlite and ferrite. The highest of the metal Brinell hardness is in the weld seam, followed by the heat affected zone, and the lowest is in the base metal. The microstructure of the weld metal is coarse, which results in that the toughness of the weld is the lowest, but the hardness of the welds is the highest in the weld zone. The bend angles of the weld metal present a mountainous shape with the surface energy. Only when the surface energy is of the best value, the mechanical properties of the weld metal is the best.

钯合金阵列管束气密性焊接工艺方法研究

采用预先高频钎焊钯合金管过渡接头,再使用脉冲激光焊的方法,对钯合金扩散室密排列钯合金管束与不锈钢法兰进行了密封焊接工艺研究,通过对激光焊接接头的观察和气密性检测分析,确定了激光焊接功率、离焦量、脉冲频率、脉冲宽度及焊接速度等主要焊接参数。正式样件经气密性检测和氦质谱检漏达到了氢纯化分离用钯扩散装置的使用要求,从而确定激光焊技术可推广应用于钯合金扩散室密集阵列管束批量焊接生产。

CT70低合金高强度油管用钢激光焊接接头残余应力有限元模拟

针对CT70级连续管用钢激光焊焊接接头,考虑试板、焊缝、热源的轴对称性,应用有限元软件建立了1/2轴对称有限元分析模型,对激光焊接接头的温度场、变形场与应力场进行了模拟分析。结果表明,有限元模拟焊缝尺寸与实际基本一致;残余应力主要集中在焊缝周围,在远离焊缝区域残余应力逐渐减小,且焊缝中心为拉应力;变形在焊缝周围最大,距离焊缝越远变形越小。将有限元模拟结果与实际测试结果对比,激光焊焊缝中心为拉应力,与有限元计算结果相同。

细长焊接圆钢管轴心受压稳定承载力研究

为研究细长焊接圆钢管轴压稳定性能,对30根试件进了轴压试验,分析了试件失稳变形的特征,比较了试件的稳定系数与我国规范中稳定曲线的关系,并考虑钢管几何初始缺陷和残余应力对其稳定承载力进行了有限元分析。研究表明:细长焊接圆钢管的几何初始缺陷具有较大离散性,与我国规范规定值不同,正则化长细比在1.0~1.3区间时,试验得到的稳定系数低于规范值,最大相差-24.4%;几何初始缺陷小于1/500杆长时,可采用规范值进行设计;而几何初始缺陷大于1/500杆长时,建议重新制定压杆曲线。最后,给出了细长焊接圆钢管在8种初始缺陷下的压杆稳定曲线。

锆合金管塞结构压力电阻焊接头的应力集中系数及影响因素

采用Abaqus有限元分析软件建立了锆合金管塞结构压力电阻焊接模型与应力集中系数计算模型,通过与热模拟试验得到的挤出金属高度进行对比,对焊接模型进行验证,模拟分析了内部挤出金属过渡角、端塞行进量和包壳管内壁倒角对接头应力集中系数的影响。结果表明:内部挤出金属高度模拟结果和试验结果的相对误差为9.58%,外部挤出金属高度的相对误差为6.65%,说明建立的焊接模型准确;随着内部挤出金属过渡角增加,接头应力集中系数先降低,当过渡角增大至60°后增加,增大至120°时又下降;随着端塞行进量的增加,内部挤出金属过渡角降低,应力集中系数增加,接头熔合线长度增大;与未倒角接头相比,包壳管内壁倒角深度不大于0.50 mm时应力集中系数降低,最大降低了16.00%,倒角深度大于0.50 mm时应力集中系数增大,最大提高了91.49%。

小径管X射线焊缝图像缺陷识别算法

针对小径管X射线焊缝图像缺陷检测精确率低的现状,通过对图像进行特征分析并结合稀疏字典学习,提出一种基于图像分割的小径管焊缝图像缺陷检测算法.首先,对小径管焊缝图像进行两步图像分割获得感兴趣区域;其次,提取焊缝缺陷,得到缺陷疑似局部图像;最后,提出以不同类型原子间相关性最小为目标的小径管焊缝缺陷字典矩阵数学模型并使用K-SVD算法进行求解,利用该字典矩阵实现圆形缺陷、线形缺陷和噪声的分类鉴别.为提高系统实时性,使用并行编程对图像分割算法进行加速.结果表明,改进后缺陷字典矩阵对圆形缺陷识别成功率为0.974,线形缺陷识别成功率为0.967,且具有较快的识别速度,实现了小径管焊缝图像缺陷的有效识别.

旋风分离器管屏智能焊接设备的开发与应用

针对目前旋风分离器管屏角焊缝采用机械龙门焊或手工焊接,存在焊缝质量差、焊接飞溅多和焊工作业环境差等问题,设计开发了一种旋风分离器管屏机器人智能焊接设备,可实现对管屏角焊缝的自动定位、自动起弧、自动调整焊枪姿态、自动焊接的全过程智能化控制。对其硬件系统、软件系统和辅助装置进行了介绍,并设计了管屏焊接工艺流程。焊接工艺试验和应用结果表明,设备运行稳定,激光寻位准确,焊缝成形良好,焊接飞溅少,烟尘处理效果好,焊角尺寸满足标准要求,焊接速度可达800 mm/min以上,焊接综合效率提高40%以上。旋风分离器管屏智能焊接设备实现了管屏角焊缝的自动化焊接,提高了焊接效率,降低了劳动强度,改善了作业环境。

深孔焊结构喷泉式管束装配工艺技术研究

深孔焊技术广泛应用于石油化工领域中的重要换热设备,可有效减少间隙腐蚀、应力腐蚀、疲劳破裂等问题。本文针对深孔焊结构喷泉式管束,进行装配工艺技术的研究。

基于SYSWELD的管板结构多道焊模拟分析

为研究大型管板焊接件在焊接处的残余应力以及焊接变形的局部特征,以单个管板焊接为例,基于热弹塑性有限单元法,采用焊接仿真软件SYSWELD对某Q235管板构件进行数值仿真,得到焊接过程中温度、应力、位移、相变的变化。仿真结果表明:冷却后,焊缝处金属组织为贝氏体和马氏体;焊接残余应力出现在焊缝及其热影响区附近,横向残余应力均为拉应力,其峰值出现在中间焊道位置,超过材料的屈服极限;焊缝的纵向残余应力,除第五道焊缝外,其值均低于材料屈服极限;焊缝处横向变形先拉伸后压缩,在结束位置变形几乎为0。

热输入量对890MPa臂架管焊接热影响区组织性能的影响

依据等强匹配原则,选用BHG-5焊丝对起重机臂架用890 MPa无缝钢管进行了斜Y型坡口焊接裂纹试验和不同热输入量的多层多道手动焊接试验,探究了材料的冷裂纹敏感性,以及不同热输入量对焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,预热温度为150℃时,可完全避免焊接冷裂纹的产生;随着热输入量的增加,焊缝金属接头强度变化不大,但焊接接头热影响区冲击韧性明显下降,选择小于20 kJ/cm热输入量焊接时可保证焊接接头具有较好的强韧性。

制氢转化炉上尾管加强接头频繁开裂原因分析及对策

某炼化企业制氢转化炉2010年升级改造后,不同炉管的加强接头与上尾管焊口位置先后出现了5次开裂,造成制氢装置非计划停工。通过对运行环境、高温氢腐蚀、热膨胀应力、结构应力、异种钢焊接、弹簧支吊架等多方面开展深入分析,发现泄漏的原因主要是加强接头与上尾管连接焊缝局部高应力区发生了应力松弛开裂,同时,工艺参数控制不严格加遽了开裂速度。2021年通过实施炉管材质升级、稳定工艺运行环境、严控施工质量等措施,没有再出现过开裂的情况,彻底消除了炉管运行过程中的安全隐患,保障了设备的本质安全和装置的长周期运行。

基于内聚力模型的气波机振荡管304对接钎焊接头拉伸强度研究

气波机核心部件振荡管采用钎焊连接,钎焊接头拉伸性能对气波机结构强度具有重要影响。为了对钎焊接头界面裂纹扩展过程进行探究,笔者针对气波机振荡管钎焊结构,制备304对接钎焊接头试样进行拉伸试验,并对拉伸断口进行形貌分析,断口处表现为韧性断裂;基于内聚力模型,开发了VUMAT子程序,进行了有限元模拟分析。模拟断裂载荷为5 039 N,试验值为5 242 N,2者误差为3.9%,验证了模拟的准确性,结果表明内聚力模型可以较好地模拟气波机振荡管钎焊接头的裂纹萌生与扩展过程。在此基础上研究焊缝缺陷对钎焊接头断裂载荷的影响,发现缺陷处内聚力单元损伤速率加快,引起断裂载荷显著下降。

锅炉水冷壁管泄漏事故失效分析

针对某电厂锅炉水冷壁管泄漏事故进行分析,对泄漏失效管子进行宏观检测、化学成分分析、力学性能测试,同时对管子及其角焊缝进行金相组织观察和断口形貌分析。结果表明:引起水冷壁管泄漏的主要原因是水冷壁管子与鳍片角焊缝的焊接质量不良,在水冷壁管运行过程中,角焊缝的裂纹从外向内不断沿晶扩展、穿透管壁,最终引起水冷壁管泄漏。

钎焊工艺对双层焊管材料时效性能的影响

使用退火模拟器对双层焊管用钢带进行热处理,模拟其在不同制管速度、钎焊温度下的钎焊过程。使用拉伸试验机检测不同钎焊温度及不同制管速度下钢带的屈服点延伸率和时效指数,以研究钎焊温度和制管速度对双层焊管材料时效性能的影响。结果表明,钎焊温度越高,材料的屈服点延伸率越小,时效指数也越小,制管的抗时效性越好。随着制管速度的提高,钎焊后钢带的屈服点延伸率和时效指数均呈增大趋势,抗时效性变差。这是由于制管生产速度增大,冷却段时间变短,渗碳体析出量减小造成的。钎焊前钢带时效指数为10.6 MPa,模拟钎焊后钢带的时效指数为76.8~104.9 MPa,其抗时效性明显变差。