Associations between residence and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: the mediating role of leisure activity

Background:Cognitive function is a current research hotspot,residence may be related to differences in cognitive function,and the mediating role of leisure activities are limited in Chinese research.This study used leisure activities as a mediating variable to investigate the mediating role of leisure activity between place of residence(city-town-rural)and cognitive function among Chinese older,this is where the innovation of the article comes in.Methods:Using cross-sectional data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,Pearson correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships among various indicators.Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro program,version 3.5,written by Hayes,to explore the mediating effects of leisure activity between place of residence and cognitive function in older adults.Results:A total of 10955 older adults were included in this study,with a mean age of(84.23±11.57)years.Among them,2739(24.8%)lived in the city,3627(33.1%)in town,and 4615(42.1%)in rural areas;their leisure activity score was(5.34±3.77),and their cognitive function score was(24.69±6.65).Place of residence,leisure activities,and cognitive function were significantly correlated(P<0.01).Using city as a reference,place of residence is negatively associated with cognitive function,and place of residence not only had a direct effect on cognitive function in older adults:town-cognitive function(effect=–0.399;95%confidence interval(CI)=(–0.685,–0.113));rural-cognitive function(effect=–0.42;95%CI=(–0.698,–0.141)).There were also indirect effects on cognitive function through the pathway of leisure activity:town-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.17;95%CI=(–0.246,–0.1)),rural-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.199;95%CI=(–0.272,–0.13)).Conclusion:Leisure activities play a partially mediating role between the impact of place of residence and cognitive function in Chinese older adults,and it is vital to pay attention to the impact of place of residence on the cognitive function of older adults in various aspects,and to increase the participation rate of older adults in leisure activities,which is beneficial to the prevention of cognitive decline and the protection of older adult’s physical and mental health.

Analysis of the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Psychological Well-Being of Elderly People in the Community

Objective:To investigate the current psychological well-being of older people in the community and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 265 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above in Baoding City,Hebei Province,were selected through convenience sampling from November 2023 to March 2024.They were surveyed using a general information questionnaire and a comprehensive well-being questionnaire,with results analyzed statistically using SPSS 27.0.Results:Six dimensions of the psychological well-being scale for community older adults were identified:life vitality(P50=4.83),health concern(P50=4.6),self-worth(P50=5.6),friendly relationships(P50=5.33),altruistic behavior(P50=5.2),personality growth(P50=4.67),and comprehensive well-being(P50=161).Multivariate regression analysis showed that social isolation(β=-0.021,P<0.001),type of work(β=-0.142,P<0.001),chronic disease history(β=0.004,P<0.001),need for mobility aid(β=0.192,P<0.001),and monthly income(β=0.381,P<0.001)were factors influencing psychological well-being.Conclusion:The psychological well-being of the elderly is slightly above moderate and requires improvement.Enhancing factors such as reducing social isolation,addressing chronic disease history,and improving financial support could improve psychological well-being in older adults.

Impacts of Social and Demographic Factors on Residents' Subjective Well-being in Rural China

The objective of social development is to construct a harmonious society.In China,the key to a harmonious society is the happiness of more than 900 million farmers living in the rural areas.This study aimed to measure rural residents' subjective well-being(SWB) through the day reconstruction method,as well as to analyze SWB's influencing factors through a variety of statistical methods.The results showed that the average U index was 12.79%,indicating that respondents were unhappy 12.79% of the time.Twenty-seven percent of the population had a U index greater than 0,with the average value being 47%,indicating that these people were unhappy 47% of the time.The study also found that SWB varied according to the characteristics of the respondents.Logistic regression analysis showed that social and demographic factors,including age,education,county,household size,generation number,per capita income,migration status and social networking,which significantly affected rural residents' SWB.The size of the impact varied with the different factors.

A Study on the Relationship Paths Between Leisure and Well-Being of Elderly Residents

With the increasing of the elderly population in China,the aging of population has become an important issue that cannot be ignored in the development of our country.Based on the social support theory,this study surveyed elderly residents in Shanghai to construct and explore the driving model of well-being of elderly residents in China.The results indicated that leisure motivation of elderly residents in China significantly affected their leisure involvement;leisure involvement was related to leisure satisfaction of the elderly;leisure satisfaction had a significant positive effect on well-being of the elderly.Moreover,a series of managerial implications and recommendations were provided to formulate leisure management policies for the elderly,meet their leisure needs,and improve their well-being.

Gender and Race Differences in Mental Health and Well-Being Among Older Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The objectives of this study were to investigate(1) gender and race differences in mental health and psychological wellbeing among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and(2) whether there were significant interaction effects between gender and race. This study used the National Health and Aging Trends Study(NHATS) and COVID-19 public use data files. It focused on mental health and psychological well-being, including loneliness, no time to yourself, poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD). The sample consisted of 2465 older adults, and multivariate logistic and linear regression models were adopted for the analysis. The results show that approximately two out of five older people(43%) experienced poor sleep, followed by loneliness(35%), anxiety(30%), depression(23%), and no time to themselves(11%). The average PTSD score was 11. Mental health and psychological well-being varied by gender and race. There were significant interaction effects on anxiety and depression between females and Black older adults. Black females reported lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms than Black males, although the differences were not statistically significant. Black older adults were more likely to experience PTSD but less likely to feel lonely and have poorer sleep than their White counterparts. Female older adults reported poorer mental health and psychological well-being than males, except for Black females. Black females had the lowest levels of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and highest quality of sleep among all females of different ethnic and racial origins.

A Model for Predicting the Psychological WellBeing of Older Adults in South Korea

This study examined factors related to the psychological well-being of older adults and built and verified a model for predictingpsychological well-being. The participants were 350 older adults aged over 60 years who lived in South Korea and were active in thelocal community. The model proposed in this study was found to be suitable. Depression, self-efficacy, and social support had adirect effect on the psychological well-being of older adults, while depression, activities of daily living (ADLs), and self-efficacy hadan indirect effect. Self-efficacy and social support mediated the relationship between depression and psychological well-being, andself-efficacy mediated the relationship between ADLs and psychological well-being. It is necessary to develop and implement aprogram that can help alleviate depression and improve self-efficacy and social support among older adults in order toenhance their psychological well-being. Additionally, to establish a model that predicts the psychological well-being of olderadults, a study is needed to verify the model not only in Korea but also in other countries.

The Impact of Internet Use on Residents’ Subjective Well-Being:An Empirical Analysis Based on National Data

Internet use has become an indispensable part of people’s daily lives,and the relationship between Internet use and residents’subjective well-being is receiving increasing attention from researchers.However,the existing literature on the relationship between Internet use and residents’subjective well-being is still controversial and inconclusive,and there has been relatively little discussion of the mechanisms by which Internet use affects well-being.On the basis of data from the China General Social Survey 2015(CGSS2015),this paper provides an empirical analysis of the impact of Internet usage on residents’subjective wellbeing.The study finds that while Internet use had no significant impact on the well-being of residents compared to non-use,frequency of Internet usage did significantly improve subjective well-being.On this basis,we tested the mechanisms by which Internet use affects residents’well-being through the three channels of the personal income effect,the human capital effect and the social capital effect.The findings partially verify the hypothesis of the mediating effect of social capital between Internet use and residents’subjective wellbeing,but do not verify the hypothesis of the moderating effect of personal income and human capital.Compared with previous studies,this paper is innovative in the following three ways:it uses the latest available representative national microdata,which is better able to reflect recent Internet usage and its impact on residents’subjective well-being;on the basis of existing research on the impact of Internet usage on residents’well-being,it analyzes the specific mechanisms through which Internet use affects well-being,using the moderating effect model and the mediating effect model to make up for the shortcomings of existing research on the impact mechanism;and it applies the Bioprobit model to deal with the potential endogeneity of key explanatory variables,using a variety of model estimation methods to obtain more robust estimation results.

Being Old Does Not Necessarily Mean Being Inactive: Health Profile of Elderly Athletes versus Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Introduction: According to the records of the Hong Kong Athletic Gala for the Elderly, some sports events have been won by the same group of elderly participants for several consecutive years. What made these elderly athletes different from others? Method: This was a retrospective quantitative study. The health profile data on a total of 125 elderly participants were collected. 36 and 29 were the winners and losers of the Hong Kong Athletic Gala for the Elderly between 2008 and 2010, respectively. The remaining 60 were non-participants. The non-participants came from six elderly centers in different districts in Hong Kong. Health profile parameters were measured using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, which is used to measure healthy behaviors such as physical activity level, nutrition, stress management, health responsibility, interpersonal relations and spiritual growth. Results: About 41.7% (n = 15) and 80.0% (n = 48) of the elderly (mean age = 74 ± 9.0) in the winner and non-participant groups with chronic diseases. There were significant

健康资源对老年农民工长期居留意愿的影响

目的:分析健康资源对不同流动目的的老年农民工长期居留意愿的影响,为提高老年农民工健康水平和长期居留意愿提供依据。方法:利用2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据进行二元Logistic回归分析。结果:是否建立居民健康档案、接受健康教育和拥有本地医保是影响老年农民工长期居留意愿的主要因素,建立居民健康档案让随迁型老年农民工更愿意继续长期留在本地(P<0.05)。结论:随迁型老年农民工长期居留意愿主要受建立居民健康档案与家庭经济条件影响,而务工型老年农民工受是否拥有本地医保与其自身的身体健康状况影响。未来需要全面落实国家公共卫生服务项目,推动各地做好老年农民工的健康服务,完善相应的医保体系,保障务工型老年农民工享有本地医保的权利。

老旧社区居民日常行为活动特征及其影响要素分析--以苏州养育巷社区为例

社区公共空间是承载居民日常活动的重要场所,由于城镇化的快速发展,现如今老城区公共空间在功能、环境、社会活力等层面均无法满足居民的日常活动需求。文章聚焦于老城区社区公共空间优化,探讨建成环境要素对居民日常行为活动特征的影响机制,得出高功能混合度、多样化的需求配置以及便捷的步行网络与感知体验丰富的空间品质对居民日常行为活动均有促进作用,并提出相应的更新策略,以提升老城区社区生活圈的组织。

全面建成小康社会进程中农村老年人的养老风险探究——基于新时代我国社会主要矛盾转型视角

进入中国特色社会主义新时代,我国快速人口老龄化引发出新矛盾,即老年人日益增长的美好生活需要同老龄事业和养老服务体系建设发展不平衡、不充分的矛盾。我国农村社会在"未富先老"和"未备先老"的双重挑战下,面临着一系列养老风险,包括贫困风险、健康风险、养老照料风险、制度风险和社会安全风险。有效化解这些养老风险,不仅是全面建成小康社会的必然要求,同时也是顺利完成中国特色社会主义道路目标的前提条件。政府应从顶层政策设计上重视农村老年人养老问题,实现城乡养老政策协同发展;此外还应实施国家整体性治理模式,多部门联动来应对老龄化社会风险,并根据农村实际和农村老年人的需求实施差异化养老模式,增强农村家庭养老能力,进一步提升农村老年人的健康水平。

北京市西城区6岁及以上居民出行及闲暇时间身体活动状况

目的了解北京市西城区居民的身体活动现状,为相关部门制定干预措施提供基础资料和科学依据。方法 "2010年中国居民营养与健康状况监测"中使用"身体活动调查问卷(6岁及以上)"收集了1152名居民的身体活动资料,采用Epidata3.1软件建立数据库,采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行分析。结果居民最近3个月的出行方式以步行和公共交通为主,体育锻炼参与率为50.2%,居民参与体育锻炼情况无性别差异,各年龄组人群体育锻炼参与率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),18～45岁的人群体育锻炼率最低。在职人员参与体育锻炼的比例较低。结论西城区居民尤其是18～45岁人群身体活动现状不容乐观,久坐不动、体育锻炼参与少,为了增进社区居民健康,制定针对性的切实可行的身体活动指导内容势在必行。

临终关怀教学在住院医师规范化培训中的效果分析

目的探索临终关怀教学是否能改善老年医学科规范化培训的住院医师对临终关怀的态度。方法选取北京某三甲医院老年科进行规范化培训的住院医师144名,在临终关怀教学的前后进行中文版佛罗梅尔特临终关怀态度量表的调查,观察教学前后规培医师们对临终关怀的态度变化。结果临终关怀态度量表总体得分在教学前为(103.47±4.672)分,而进行教学后再次行得分的平均值为(105.70±5.147)分,且P<0.001,差异具有统计学意义。并且教学后无论男性还是女性、年龄分层、既往学历高低及是否曾经接受过临终关怀教育,对临终关怀态度量表的得分均有提高,差异具有统计学意义。结论对规范化培训的住院医师进行临终关怀教学可以使住院医师对临终关怀的态度更积极。

社区老年人应急准备现状及影响因素分析

目的调查社区老年人应急准备现状及影响因素。方法采用方便抽样的方法,使用公众应急准备现状评价量表、灾难素养评价量表对3个社区280名社区老年人进行调查。结果社区老年人应急准备现状得分为58.09(26.00,78.00)分。灾难素养与应急准备现状呈正相关(r=0.370,P<0.01)。和家人讨论应对灾害事件的频率、关心本地区灾害发生情况的程度、灾难素养是应急准备现状的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论社区老年人应急准备现状处于中等偏下水平,应加强社区老年人的灾难素养培训,提高其应急准备水平。

南京市秦淮区老年居民膳食质量分析

目的:了解南京市秦淮区老年居民膳食质量,为采取干预措施提供依据。方法:用连续3 d、24 h膳食回顾法进行膳食调查,对老年、中年和青年居民的三餐能量分配、三大产能营养素供能比、蛋白质的来源进行比较。结果:老年男性居民早餐能量摄取及供能比高于青年男性居民,而晚餐则相反,晚餐供能比例也低于中年居民,但零食供能比却高于中年居民;老年女性居民零食能量摄取量及供能比、蛋白质供能及供能比例、摄取动物性蛋白质的量及比例均明显低于青年和中年女性居民。晚餐供能比超过40%者,老年男性居民的比例明显低于青年男性。老年女性居民早餐供能比低于25%的比例明显低于青年和中年女性,而老年男性居民高达70%以上。脂肪供能比例超过30%以上者,老年男性居民明显低于青年男性居民,而老年女性居民却明显高于青年女性居民。膳食中优质蛋白质占总蛋白质1/3以下老年女性明显多于中年女性居民。结论:中老年居民的膳食质量尚待改善。

农村土地对老一辈农民工户籍迁移意愿的影响研究

使用2017年国家卫生和计划生育委员会组织实施的流动人口动态监测调查数据中重庆流动人口(流出)数据,利用交互分析和多项Logit模型,分析农村土地变量和个体特征、家庭特征、流动特征等相关因素与老一辈农民工户籍迁移意愿的关系。结果显示,相比没有农村土地的老一辈农民工,有承包地和宅基地的户籍迁移意愿更低;同时,宅基地面积大小对老一辈农民工户籍迁移意愿有显著影响,宅基地面积小于平均面积,其意愿更强烈。应该通过土地制度改革和户籍制度改革充分考虑农民工的权益,提高老一辈农民工的户籍迁移意愿,推进城镇化发展。

西安市企业社区老年居民幸福感的建成环境影响

文章构建外部建成环境、内部建成环境、社区综合感知、社区凝聚力、个体特征5个维度15个概念变量的分析框架,基于西安市企业社区建成环境兴趣点(POI)数据与社会调查数据,建立多层线性回归模型并进行中介效应检验,定量探究企业社区老年居民幸福感的建成环境影响。研究发现:企业社区老年居民幸福感整体水平一般,李克特5分制量表下平均得分为3.54。与日常生活密切相关的风景类、医疗类、公共设施类等外部环境场所的可达性是老年居民幸福感的促进因子,老年居民对居住条件、社区绿化配置、内部道路和景观的主观感知以及对社区的综合感知正向影响幸福感;社区综合感知在设施POI类型的熵指数、公共设施类场所可达性对老年居民幸福感的影响中发挥中介作用。最后,提出风景绿地空间建设、医疗服务站点完善与公共设施场所服务质量提升,以及居住环境优化、住房条件改善与社区养老护理机构建设等方面的建成环境改进建议。

谈南方地区老年公寓套型地域性设计

建筑设计首先应该遵循一个基本原则：尊重环境、尊重历史、尊重当地生活习俗、满足现代生活需求同时又适应现代经济社会发展。本文的研究基于前人工作的基础之上对我国南方湖南和海南两个地区的气候、人文、地形地貌等元素分析并对当地的老年公寓进行考察。通过分析比较。探索出南方地区老年公寓套型地域性设计的方向。

Social demographic factors and leisure time physical activity influencing the self-rated health and happiness of Chinese people

Background and aims:The holistic definition of health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,but a state of complete physical,mental,and social well-being.However,related research on the influencing factor of self-rated health and happiness have generally remained separate.Therefore,this study aimed to 1)find individual level determinants of the two facets of health;and 2)investigate the covariance of the two facets of health within individual levels.Methods:Multivariate multilevel analysis of self-rated health and happiness at level 1,were nested within 10,968 people at level 2.Data were obtained from the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey.Results:Lower happiness and self-rated health were found in 1)females;2)the elderly;3)people with a lower educational level;4)people who were presently single;5)people with a lower self-rated economic status;6)people who resided in urban areas;and 7)people with sedentary lifestyles as compared to those in other categories of the same variable.After adjusting the related individual level determinants,the correlation coefficient of two facets of health at the individual level is 0.19,which indicates that no robust covariance was observed.Conclusions:The current study indicates the existence of disparity in the subjective physical and psychological dimensions of health among the elderly in China.Our findings emphasize the importance of paying attention to different aspects of health simultaneously in investigations and the benefits of leisure time activities.

社区老年高血压与肌少症的相关性研究

目的通过调查重庆市社区老年人肌少症患病现状,探讨肌少症和高血压的相关性,为社区老年群体肌少症的防治提供参考。方法选取2023年3—8月于重庆市社区卫生服务中心体检的615例老年人,通过问卷调查受试者的一般资料,并进行骨骼肌质量、步速、握力及血压的测量。根据亚洲肌少症工作组2019年诊断标准,将受试者分为肌少症组(80例)和非肌少症组(535例),采用二元logistic回归分析探讨肌少症的影响因素,并通过Pearson相关性分析研究血压水平与肌少症各诊断关键指标之间的关系。结果本研究共纳入615例社区老年人,其中80例(13.0%)患有肌少症。肌少症组的年龄、高血压和糖尿病患病率均大于非肌少症组,而BMI小于非肌少症组(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄增长(OR=1.140,95%CI:1.098~1.183)、患高血压病(OR=2.058,95%CI:1.195~3.545)是社区老年人患肌少症的危险因素(P<0.05)。在合并高血压的老年人中,握力(r=-0.132,P=0.017)、四肢骨骼肌质量(r=-0.134,P=0.016)、骨骼肌质量指数(r=-0.121,P=0.030)与SBP存在一定的相关性。结论合并高血压病的社区老年人更易发生肌少症,SBP水平可以反映高血压老年人的肌肉质量和肌肉力量。因此,应尽早对社区老年人群进行肌少症筛查,严格控制血压以预防肌少症的发生。