The efficacy of first-and second-line Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication regimens varies considerably in West Asian countries,mainly due to the variable prevalence of resistant organisms.However,no review articl...The efficacy of first-and second-line Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication regimens varies considerably in West Asian countries,mainly due to the variable prevalence of resistant organisms.However,no review article has yet evaluated and compared the efficacy of different regimens among different countries of this region.Therefore,we conducted a review to select the best options and provide recommendations for H.pylori treatment in this geographic region.A search through PubMed was carried out to obtain relevant randomized clinical trials published in English language up to June2013.According to the results,among different therapeutic regimens used as the first-line protocols,10-d Bismuth-Furazolidone/Metronidazole quadruple therapy,14-d Clarithromycin-containing hybrid therapy and 14-d quadruple therapy including a proton pump inhibitor +Bismuth+Tetracycline(500 mg QID)+Metronidazole(500 mg TDS)seemed to be appropriate options.Among second-line therapeutic regimens,Bismuthbased quadruple therapies containing Tetracycline and Furazolidone/Metronidazole,triple therapy containing Amoxicillin and Gatifloxacin and Quadruple therapy including Bismuth+Azithromycin and Ofloxacin seemed to be effective options.Third-line therapies were not evaluated in West Asia;most guidelines,however,recommend choosing optimal eradication regimen according to the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of H.pylori.Although we limited our investigation to H.pylori eradication regimens in West Asia,the clinical significance of the results goes beyond the countries situated in this geographic region.In fact,the results are transferrable to any region as long as the patterns of resistance are the same.展开更多
As important parts of the Belt and Road Initiative,West Asia and North Africa have rich resources and prominent strategic position.Anti-poverty has always been a crucial social issue of China,West Asia and North Afric...As important parts of the Belt and Road Initiative,West Asia and North Africa have rich resources and prominent strategic position.Anti-poverty has always been a crucial social issue of China,West Asia and North Africa. Through literature review and data analysis,this paper analyzed the current situations of anti-poverty in West Asia and North Africa and the causes of poverty,and objectively summarized the realistic foundation of anti-poverty cooperation between China and West Asian and North African countries. On the basis of current situations,it put forward a path for anti-poverty cooperation between China and West Asian and North African countries,in the hope of providing decisionmaking basis and policy recommendations for China to undertake anti-poverty cooperation in the worldwide range.展开更多
Previous research has shown that land surface thermal anomalies in West Asia(WA) can impact regional and global climate,particularly affecting China through the eastward propagation of wave trains.However,the factors ...Previous research has shown that land surface thermal anomalies in West Asia(WA) can impact regional and global climate,particularly affecting China through the eastward propagation of wave trains.However,the factors driving these anomalies in WA have not been extensively studied.Based on the observation data,this work focuses on examining the impacts of Eurasian winter snow cover on winter surface air temperature(SAT) variability over WA from 1978/1979 to 2017/2018 and explores the underlying physical mechanisms.The results indicate that a crucial snow anomaly area extending from the Baltic Sea to eastern Ural significantly influences the winter SAT anomaly in WA.An anomalous increase(decrease) in winter snow cover in this key area corresponds to the anomalously warmer(cooler) SAT in WA.This relationship is primarily driven by the albedo effects of snow cover,where more(less)snow cover induces cooling(warming) of the overlying air,altering upper-level geopotential height and influencing the intensity,duration,and frequency of local blocking events.Additionally,changes in the air temperature above the key area modify the meridional temperature gradient(MTG) between high and low latitudes,affecting the mean zonal flow in the midlatitude.Diagnosis of the thermodynamic energy equation for SAT reveals that the combined effects of variations in blocking events in high latitudes and mean zonal flow in midlatitudes alter the advection of climatological temperature by anomalous winds,which is caused by the anomalous increase(decrease) of snow cover in the key area.Consequently,this leads to changes in cold advection transported to WA,contributing to the occurrence of a warmer(colder) SAT over WA in winter.展开更多
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the shape of the world order that will emerge from this crisis.The general view is that it will accelerate trends that were already apparent in world affairs.Th...The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the shape of the world order that will emerge from this crisis.The general view is that it will accelerate trends that were already apparent in world affairs.The pandemic has hit West Asia with a‘double whammy’-the health crisis coupled with the collapse in oil prices on which most regional economies depend to maintain their political,economic and social order.With the region already enmeshed in serious conflicts-in Syria,Yemen and Libya-and experiencing widespread destruction and instability,there are legitimate concerns that the pandemic could aggravate regional divisions and,by design or inadvertence,plunge West Asia into a region-wide conflagration.Given diminished US capacity,credibility and interest in global leadership and responsibility,this paper argues that the pandemic has opened up opportunities for the exploration of new engagements and alignments and shaping of new leadership roles.The paper proposes that the three RIC nations-Russia,India and China-work jointly in a‘Greater Eurasian Partnership’framework to address their internal,regional and global interests.This will strengthen mutual ties within the trilateral format,particularly through resetting Sino-Indian relations,so that the RIC could become an effective instrument to promote regional security and stability.This revitalised RIC would then be well-equipped to pursue initiatives to deal with West Asia’s immediate pandemic-related challenges and shape and lead a peace process in West Asia.展开更多
West Asia has been the bridge between Asia and Europe.The historical“Silk Road”beginning in China and ending in different ports and cities of West Asia formed the socio-economic infrastructure of Eurasian commercial...West Asia has been the bridge between Asia and Europe.The historical“Silk Road”beginning in China and ending in different ports and cities of West Asia formed the socio-economic infrastructure of Eurasian commercial and cultural relations.West Asia lost its strategic location after the discovery of sea-routes in the 16th century but regained importance with the progress realised in transportation in the 20th century(highways,railways-airways,etc.)The discovery of rich petroleum reserves reinforced its importance.West Asian region,covering Turkey,Iran,Iraq,Syria,Azerbaijan and others can augment and fasten its economic-cultural progress by developing solidarity and forming regional unions.The regıonal union,besides upgrading the well-being of neighbouring nations,can also contribute to the stability and security of the area which is actually the most problematic and chaotic area in the world.展开更多
The Arab political transformations originally occurring in early 2011 are posing negative impact over China’s overseas interests in the Middle East region,including those related to its trade with the Arab world,the ...The Arab political transformations originally occurring in early 2011 are posing negative impact over China’s overseas interests in the Middle East region,including those related to its trade with the Arab world,the China-Middle East bilateral investments,its contracted projects,and the safety of its nationals living in the Middle East,whether these influences are direct or indirect,overt or covert.Three aspects are strongly impacted by these negative influences:1)Libya;2)Northern and southern Sudan;3)Energy supply.The dramatic changes of the Arab world have brought alerting signals to China over its national interests in the Middle East,so China shall undertake a meticulous review of its overseas activities and draw the correct lessons from its experiences there so that practical responses can be worked out.In consideration of the loss that Chinese corporations have suffered from the Arab political changeovers,China should establish its own grand strategy for its foreign relations so as to protect its growing overseas interests.展开更多
A case is reported, during which the Subtropical High over the Western Pacific (hereafter, SHWP in abbreviation) shifted northwestward and met-yu at Chaniiang River valley ended. Several numerical experiments onSHWP a...A case is reported, during which the Subtropical High over the Western Pacific (hereafter, SHWP in abbreviation) shifted northwestward and met-yu at Chaniiang River valley ended. Several numerical experiments onSHWP activity influenced by the heating over south Asia monsoon area are carried out, and the statistic significance of the results is checked. The results indicate that the enhancement of positive heating over South Asia willmotivate a wave-like series of anomaly centers, which propagate northeastward from the maximum heating center.so that a strong positive potential height anomaly center will set up from North China to Japan at Day X resultingin the enhancement of SHWP. Comparison of the influence upon SHWP by the heating over south Asia monsoonarea with that over ITCZ area south to SHWP is also carried out. It is pointed out that the heating over South Asiamonsoon area tends to favor SHWP north\vard movement while the heating over ITCZ area tends to thvor SHWPwestward stretching. As for the time to begin to influence on SHWP, the heating over south Asia monsoon areafavors the enhancement of SHWP atter Day 3 while that over ITCZ south to SHWP effects atter Day 5.展开更多
Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis geopotential height （GHT） and wind at 850 hPa, GHT at 500 hPa, precipitation rate, sea level pressure （SLP） and precipitation observations from more than 600 stations nationwide in June-...Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis geopotential height （GHT） and wind at 850 hPa, GHT at 500 hPa, precipitation rate, sea level pressure （SLP） and precipitation observations from more than 600 stations nationwide in June-August from 1951 to 2006, and focusing on the East Asia-West Pacific region （10°-80°N, 70°-180°E）, interannual variation of East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） and its correlations with general circulation and precipitation patterns are studied by using statistical diagnostic methods such as 9-point high pass filtering, empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analysis, composite analysis and other statistical diagnosis, etc. It is concluded as follows： （1） EOF analysis of SLP in the East Asia-West Pacific region shows the existence of the zonal dipole oscillation mode （APD） between the Mongolia depression and the West Pacific high, and APD index can be used as an intensity index of EASM. （2） EOF analysis of GHT anomalies at 500 hPa in the East Asia-West Pacific region shows that the first EOF mode is characterized with an obvious meridional East Asian pattern （EAP）, and EAP index can also be used as an EASM intensity index. （3） The composite analysis of high/low APD index years reveals the close correlation of APD index with EAP at 500 hPa （or 850 hPa）. The study shows an obvious opposite correlation exists between APD index and EAP index with a correlation coefficient of -0.23, which passes the confidence test at 0.10 level. （4） Both APD and EAP indexes are closely correlated with precipitation during flood-prone season in China and precipitation rate over the East Asia-West Pacific region. The significant correlation area at 5% confidence level is mainly located from the southern area of the Yangtze River valley to the ocean around southern Japan, and the former is a positive correlation and the latter is a negative one.展开更多
文摘The efficacy of first-and second-line Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication regimens varies considerably in West Asian countries,mainly due to the variable prevalence of resistant organisms.However,no review article has yet evaluated and compared the efficacy of different regimens among different countries of this region.Therefore,we conducted a review to select the best options and provide recommendations for H.pylori treatment in this geographic region.A search through PubMed was carried out to obtain relevant randomized clinical trials published in English language up to June2013.According to the results,among different therapeutic regimens used as the first-line protocols,10-d Bismuth-Furazolidone/Metronidazole quadruple therapy,14-d Clarithromycin-containing hybrid therapy and 14-d quadruple therapy including a proton pump inhibitor +Bismuth+Tetracycline(500 mg QID)+Metronidazole(500 mg TDS)seemed to be appropriate options.Among second-line therapeutic regimens,Bismuthbased quadruple therapies containing Tetracycline and Furazolidone/Metronidazole,triple therapy containing Amoxicillin and Gatifloxacin and Quadruple therapy including Bismuth+Azithromycin and Ofloxacin seemed to be effective options.Third-line therapies were not evaluated in West Asia;most guidelines,however,recommend choosing optimal eradication regimen according to the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of H.pylori.Although we limited our investigation to H.pylori eradication regimens in West Asia,the clinical significance of the results goes beyond the countries situated in this geographic region.In fact,the results are transferrable to any region as long as the patterns of resistance are the same.
基金Supported by Key Project of National Social Science Foundation "Path Design and Policy Synergy Study on the Integration of Precision Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization in the Western Region of China"(18ASH006)
文摘As important parts of the Belt and Road Initiative,West Asia and North Africa have rich resources and prominent strategic position.Anti-poverty has always been a crucial social issue of China,West Asia and North Africa. Through literature review and data analysis,this paper analyzed the current situations of anti-poverty in West Asia and North Africa and the causes of poverty,and objectively summarized the realistic foundation of anti-poverty cooperation between China and West Asian and North African countries. On the basis of current situations,it put forward a path for anti-poverty cooperation between China and West Asian and North African countries,in the hope of providing decisionmaking basis and policy recommendations for China to undertake anti-poverty cooperation in the worldwide range.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42130609 and 42275172)。
文摘Previous research has shown that land surface thermal anomalies in West Asia(WA) can impact regional and global climate,particularly affecting China through the eastward propagation of wave trains.However,the factors driving these anomalies in WA have not been extensively studied.Based on the observation data,this work focuses on examining the impacts of Eurasian winter snow cover on winter surface air temperature(SAT) variability over WA from 1978/1979 to 2017/2018 and explores the underlying physical mechanisms.The results indicate that a crucial snow anomaly area extending from the Baltic Sea to eastern Ural significantly influences the winter SAT anomaly in WA.An anomalous increase(decrease) in winter snow cover in this key area corresponds to the anomalously warmer(cooler) SAT in WA.This relationship is primarily driven by the albedo effects of snow cover,where more(less)snow cover induces cooling(warming) of the overlying air,altering upper-level geopotential height and influencing the intensity,duration,and frequency of local blocking events.Additionally,changes in the air temperature above the key area modify the meridional temperature gradient(MTG) between high and low latitudes,affecting the mean zonal flow in the midlatitude.Diagnosis of the thermodynamic energy equation for SAT reveals that the combined effects of variations in blocking events in high latitudes and mean zonal flow in midlatitudes alter the advection of climatological temperature by anomalous winds,which is caused by the anomalous increase(decrease) of snow cover in the key area.Consequently,this leads to changes in cold advection transported to WA,contributing to the occurrence of a warmer(colder) SAT over WA in winter.
文摘The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the shape of the world order that will emerge from this crisis.The general view is that it will accelerate trends that were already apparent in world affairs.The pandemic has hit West Asia with a‘double whammy’-the health crisis coupled with the collapse in oil prices on which most regional economies depend to maintain their political,economic and social order.With the region already enmeshed in serious conflicts-in Syria,Yemen and Libya-and experiencing widespread destruction and instability,there are legitimate concerns that the pandemic could aggravate regional divisions and,by design or inadvertence,plunge West Asia into a region-wide conflagration.Given diminished US capacity,credibility and interest in global leadership and responsibility,this paper argues that the pandemic has opened up opportunities for the exploration of new engagements and alignments and shaping of new leadership roles.The paper proposes that the three RIC nations-Russia,India and China-work jointly in a‘Greater Eurasian Partnership’framework to address their internal,regional and global interests.This will strengthen mutual ties within the trilateral format,particularly through resetting Sino-Indian relations,so that the RIC could become an effective instrument to promote regional security and stability.This revitalised RIC would then be well-equipped to pursue initiatives to deal with West Asia’s immediate pandemic-related challenges and shape and lead a peace process in West Asia.
文摘West Asia has been the bridge between Asia and Europe.The historical“Silk Road”beginning in China and ending in different ports and cities of West Asia formed the socio-economic infrastructure of Eurasian commercial and cultural relations.West Asia lost its strategic location after the discovery of sea-routes in the 16th century but regained importance with the progress realised in transportation in the 20th century(highways,railways-airways,etc.)The discovery of rich petroleum reserves reinforced its importance.West Asian region,covering Turkey,Iran,Iraq,Syria,Azerbaijan and others can augment and fasten its economic-cultural progress by developing solidarity and forming regional unions.The regıonal union,besides upgrading the well-being of neighbouring nations,can also contribute to the stability and security of the area which is actually the most problematic and chaotic area in the world.
文摘The Arab political transformations originally occurring in early 2011 are posing negative impact over China’s overseas interests in the Middle East region,including those related to its trade with the Arab world,the China-Middle East bilateral investments,its contracted projects,and the safety of its nationals living in the Middle East,whether these influences are direct or indirect,overt or covert.Three aspects are strongly impacted by these negative influences:1)Libya;2)Northern and southern Sudan;3)Energy supply.The dramatic changes of the Arab world have brought alerting signals to China over its national interests in the Middle East,so China shall undertake a meticulous review of its overseas activities and draw the correct lessons from its experiences there so that practical responses can be worked out.In consideration of the loss that Chinese corporations have suffered from the Arab political changeovers,China should establish its own grand strategy for its foreign relations so as to protect its growing overseas interests.
文摘A case is reported, during which the Subtropical High over the Western Pacific (hereafter, SHWP in abbreviation) shifted northwestward and met-yu at Chaniiang River valley ended. Several numerical experiments onSHWP activity influenced by the heating over south Asia monsoon area are carried out, and the statistic significance of the results is checked. The results indicate that the enhancement of positive heating over South Asia willmotivate a wave-like series of anomaly centers, which propagate northeastward from the maximum heating center.so that a strong positive potential height anomaly center will set up from North China to Japan at Day X resultingin the enhancement of SHWP. Comparison of the influence upon SHWP by the heating over south Asia monsoonarea with that over ITCZ area south to SHWP is also carried out. It is pointed out that the heating over South Asiamonsoon area tends to favor SHWP north\vard movement while the heating over ITCZ area tends to thvor SHWPwestward stretching. As for the time to begin to influence on SHWP, the heating over south Asia monsoon areafavors the enhancement of SHWP atter Day 3 while that over ITCZ south to SHWP effects atter Day 5.
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,No.2007DFB20210National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.90502003JICA China-Japan Technical Cooperative Project "China-Japanese Cooperative Research Center on Meteorological Disasters"
文摘Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis geopotential height （GHT） and wind at 850 hPa, GHT at 500 hPa, precipitation rate, sea level pressure （SLP） and precipitation observations from more than 600 stations nationwide in June-August from 1951 to 2006, and focusing on the East Asia-West Pacific region （10°-80°N, 70°-180°E）, interannual variation of East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） and its correlations with general circulation and precipitation patterns are studied by using statistical diagnostic methods such as 9-point high pass filtering, empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analysis, composite analysis and other statistical diagnosis, etc. It is concluded as follows： （1） EOF analysis of SLP in the East Asia-West Pacific region shows the existence of the zonal dipole oscillation mode （APD） between the Mongolia depression and the West Pacific high, and APD index can be used as an intensity index of EASM. （2） EOF analysis of GHT anomalies at 500 hPa in the East Asia-West Pacific region shows that the first EOF mode is characterized with an obvious meridional East Asian pattern （EAP）, and EAP index can also be used as an EASM intensity index. （3） The composite analysis of high/low APD index years reveals the close correlation of APD index with EAP at 500 hPa （or 850 hPa）. The study shows an obvious opposite correlation exists between APD index and EAP index with a correlation coefficient of -0.23, which passes the confidence test at 0.10 level. （4） Both APD and EAP indexes are closely correlated with precipitation during flood-prone season in China and precipitation rate over the East Asia-West Pacific region. The significant correlation area at 5% confidence level is mainly located from the southern area of the Yangtze River valley to the ocean around southern Japan, and the former is a positive correlation and the latter is a negative one.
