Discourse Analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative From the Perspective of Central Asian Countries: A Case Study of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This study employs Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA)three-dimensional model,using the Republic of Kazakhstan as a case study,to delve into the discourse construction of China’s Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)in Central Asian countries.Through detailed analysis of policy documents,media reports,and public discussions in Central Asian countries,this paper reveals how the BRI constructs specific social practices,discourse events,and textual meanings within these nations.The findings indicate that through this global development strategy,China has not only strengthened its economic ties with Central Asian countries but has also exerted profound influences on political,cultural,and social levels.

Gross domestic product and dietary pattern among 49 western countries with a focus on polyamine intake

Socioeconomic status is known to affect dietary profile, and differences in food habits and choice may affect polyamine intake due to significant variations in the concentrations of the polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine present in different foods. The relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and dietary profile, with a focus on polyamine intake, was investigated for 49 different European and other Western countries. The data for food supply and GDP were collected from the database of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund, respectively, and the amount of polyamine intake from food was estimated using polyamine concentrations listed in published sources. Countries were divided equally according to GDP values into two categories, higher and lower, and the amount and composition of food polyamines as well as dietary profile were compared. Higher GDP countries supply animal products and seafood in greater amounts than lower GDP countries;however, whole milk supply per calorie was higher in lower GDP than higher GDP countries. While crops supply was relatively higher in lower GDP countries, fruit supply was greater in higher GDP countries. Higher GDP was associated with increased amount of spermine and putrescine per total calorie, although spermidine amount per calorie was similar between higher and lower GDP countries. GDP, as an indicator of countries’ socioeconomic status, is associated with the amount and the composition of polyamines as well as dietary pattern.

Right sided diverticulitis in western countries:A review

BACKGROUND Although the treatment guidelines for left sided diverticulitis are clear,the management of right colonic diverticulitis is not well established.This disease can no longer be ignored due to significant spread throughout Asia.AIM To analyse epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment of right-sided diverticulitis in western countries.METHODS MEDLINE and PubMed searches were performed using the key words "rightsided diverticulitis","right colon diverticulitis","caecal diverticulitis","ascending colon diverticulitis" and "caecum diverticula" in order to find relevant articles published until 2021.RESULTS A total of 18 studies with 422 patients were found.Correct diagnosis was made only in 32.2%,mostly intraoperatively or via CT scan.The main reason for misdiagnosis was a suspected acute appendicitis(56.8%).The treatment was a nonoperative management(NOM)in 184 patients(43.6%)and surgical in 238 patients(56.4%),seven of which after NOM failure.Recurrence rate was low(5.45%),similar to eastern studies and inferior to left-sided diverticulitis.Recurrent patients were successfully conservatively retreated in most cases.CONCLUSION The management of right-sided diverticulitis is not well clarified in the western world and no selective guidelines have been considered even if principles are similar to those with left-sided diverticulitis.Wrong diagnosis is one of the most important problems and CT scan seems to be the best imaging modality.NOM offers a safe and effective treatment;surgery should be considered only in cases of complicated diverticulitis or if malignancy cannot be excluded.Further studies are needed to clarify the correct treatment.

Studies on Taboo Customs in China and Western Countries From the Perspective of Intercultural Communication

With the continuous process of globalization, the intercultural communication between China and Western countries is steadily expanded. Due to different cultural backgrounds, misunderstandings are inevitable in intercultural exchanges, which may cause embarrassing situation or unnecessary trouble. As a part of culture, taboo customs involve political, economical, social, and many other aspects, ranging from people’s daily life to the global diplomacy. Thus, studies on taboo customs in China and Western countries are meaningful to the understanding of different cultures. This paper mainly discusses the taboo customs from two aspects, in intercultural verbal communication and nonverbal communication, which is necessary for the smoothness and effectiveness of intercultural exchanges.

Study on the Dining Etiquette Difference between China and Western Countries

This paper attempts to discuss dining etiquette difference in China and western countries from the aspect of across-cultural communication by meticulously selecting many fresh examples. The author puts forward the main difference of dinner etiquette and the reasons for differences. It concludes that the methods for avoiding conflict. The research can offer a little help to the cross-cultural communication.

A Comparative Study on Table Manners between China and Western Countries

With the rapid development of the international economy, the communication between China and western countries is becoming closer and closer. It is important and necessary for people to know the differences between Chinese and western table tanners, which can help to have a better understanding of the dietary culture in two cultures. Learning and applying table manners correctly can not only help to prevent gaffe, but also develop the ability of cross-culture communication and avoid cultural conflicts.

New Trends in the Relationship Between Major Western Countries and Africa

With the deep-going development of globalization and enhanced African unity for self-improvement, the international community is paying more and more attention to the standing of Africa and the role it plays. The United States, Japan, Russia, India and the European Union (EU), are strengthening and upgrading, out of their own needs, their political and economic relations with African countries in a bid to consolidate their strategic interests in the continent.

Differences of Wine Culture in Western Countries and China

1.Introduction The wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water while it has the character of fire.Since the wine comes into being,it has contributed to a rich cultural connotation of human social life.It will brighten the bright and fool the fool.According to the Chinese history,drinking is such a common thing

China’s Western Development Strategy for Modernization Drive

The Western Development Strategy(WDS)is a key aspect of China’s coordinated regional development strategy and effort to build a modern country.The world is undergoing profound changes that have not been witnessed in a century.This paper discusses the WDS’s importance in regards to China’s modernization drive and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.First,this paper identifies the WDS’s mission to improve people’s livelihood in China’s western regions,promote common prosperity for the Eurasian continent,and support the green transition of China’s and Eurasian energy economic and environmental systems,and safeguard ecological security in Asia at large.Second,this paper suggests that the key to the WDS is to reshape the geographical layout of economic activity in the western regions to avoid inefficiency.Specifically,China should develop a compact geographical layout of economic activity in the western regions,introduce a unique competition strategy,as well as find solutions for coordinated regional development based on key river basins.Finally,develop smart internet and inland free ports within the western regions.

Talking about the Difference between Chinese and Western Rite in Food and Cloth

In recent days,with more and more frequent exchanges and communications between China and western countries,their different culture,including different rites is involved in each other.Some people think that western things are definitely much better than Chinese things,so they imitate them from every aspect.It is not good for them to do so because some western things fit for westerners more than for Chinese people.This paper endeavors to illustrate that Chinese people should properly absorb western culture through briefly introducing food and cloth culture in China and Western countries.

Gu Jiegang’s “Discussion of Ancient History” Movement and It Relationship with Developments in Western Sinology

The scholarship in modern China is closely related to Western sinology in terms of school ties.Gu Jiegang’s launching of the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement centered on the"theory of the accumulated creation of Chinese ancient history"was a representative example.At the beginning of the movement Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang proposed the notion that,"there was no history before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty"which was indebted to the historical skepticism by Philip Van Ness Myers(American scholar)and Friedrich Hirth(German sinologist)of the same period.The idea that"the Shang Dynasty is still in the late Stone Age"advocated by Hu and Gu was also directly influenced by J.G.Andersson’s An Early Chinese Culture.Conversely,American sinologist Arthur W.Hummel Sr played a key role in introducing and evaluating the first volume of Discussion of Ancient History to Western academia.Paradoxically,while Swedish sinologis Bernhard Karlgren wrote On the Authenticity and Nature of the Tso Chuan to refute Kang Youwei’s reinterpretation of Confucian Classics(The Forged Classics of the Wang Mang Period),his work however became of value for Chinese historic doubt scholars to reaffirm the value of New Text Confucianism and advance the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement.If we would like to choose a saying to describe the relationship between the"Discussion of Ancien History"movement and Western Sinology,the Chinese proverb,"Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade of this one,"may be an appropriate choice.

Chinese Western Cultural Relations＂ A Critical Analysis

This study, within the theoretical framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, aims to explore how culture represents language, causing cultural differences between the East and the West. With a set of questions, a qualitative method is employed to collect the data in this study. By examining the 189 theoretical studies and investigating cultural and linguistic features, this study will show how culture influences culture and language, while the content analysis is completely excluded due to the limited time and space. The data will be analyzed in light of the critical discourse analysis showing how social subjects are constructed in various discourses with their personal terms. A historical change between the East and the West is the return of the ancient Silk Roads at the early 21st century. Social changes can be seen when studying their cultural relations. Language is easily abstracted from culture. Both claim special reality of what they are. This article clearly explains how the discourse in the Chinese Western cultural relations generally reflects the social practice, the ideology, and power relations in social structures in which various discourses were published at the time of reporting. Finally, English and Chinese belong to two different language families representing linguistic differences. This makes learning English a serious challenge for Chinese native speakers.

Unbalanced International News Flow and News Bias in Western Media

With the rapid development of mass media, a new media age comes into being. Accompanied with the rising of advanced capitalism, the print media brings us a new“mass sphere”. In the field of international journalism and communication, it is still exist that international news is unbalanced and biased in first world countries’media. However, the imbalance of international public opinion is just a big problem for third world countries. Therefore, it is very necessary and significant to analyze this subject. Starting from the globalization, this paper argues the imbalance and news bias of reporting upon international issues in western media, so as to provide some ideas and promote the better development of the subject.

重写艺术史:从驱逐西方中心主义“话语幽灵”开始

作为一门学科,“艺术史”首先产生于欧洲,其艺术史观念与写作范式一直存在着根深蒂固的“西方中心主义”色彩。随着西方学术话语的全球化扩张,西方中心主义作为“艺术史书写的话语幽灵”一直或明或暗地支配着世界各国的艺术史书写。无论是“艺术史”“欧洲艺术史”“世界艺术史”还是“全球艺术史”,艺术史书写术语的翻新固然体现了世界各国艺术史学者对“人类艺术通史”书写的憧憬与努力,但并没有改变现有艺术史书写作为西方中心主义话语实践的客观事实。从“不完整的艺术史”“不平等的艺术史”到“不真实的艺术史”,西方中心主义话语幽灵让东方艺术反复辗转于“缺席的东方”“替补的东方”和“易容的东方”三种大同小异的失语状态。要完成世界艺术史的重写与重构,必须从驱逐西方中心主义“话语幽灵”开始。

历史·理论·实践:近代中国武术“强种救国”话语构建逻辑新探--以中央国术馆为中心

从历史、理论、实践三重维度对近代中国武术“强种救国”话语构建的逻辑探赜,有助于深刻理解近代中国武术“强种救国”话语构建的内在逻辑和深层脉络。运用多重史料互证和历史与逻辑相统一的方法,基于话语构建视角,以中央国术馆为中心,围绕“强种救国”核心话语,探赜近代中国武术话语构建的三重逻辑。从历史逻辑看,在“国之病夫”的隐喻与“身之病夫”符号的共同作用下,所激发的尚武图强思潮,是近代中国武术“强种救国”话语构建的逻辑起点。从理论逻辑看,在救亡图存语境下,从国家、民族、社会三个层面,寄望通过对国民身体的征用、对民族体育的坚守和对武者身体的规训达至民族复振和国家强盛之目的,是近代中国武术“强种救国”话语构建的逻辑机理。从实践逻辑看,在国术救国历史主题叙事中,中央国术馆通过多种举措激活国民武术价值观念的认同机制、坚守传统筑牢国民武术文化自信的思想根基、国际推广构建民族文化符号和重塑国家形象,是近代中国武术“强种救国”话语构建的逻辑进路。以古鉴今,通过对近代中国武术“强种救国”话语构建的研究,提出中国武术应以国家意志为根本导向,以身国同构为逻辑理据,遵循民健国强发展进路的当代启示。

以全过程人民民主为支点构建中国民主话语体系研究

与西方国家垄断民主话语权相比,中国民主在国际上仍处于“失声”“挨骂”的处境,尚未获得与大国地位相适应、与综合国力相匹配的国际话语权。以全过程人民民主为“阿基米德支点”来构建中国民主话语体系,推动全过程人民民主制度优势和实践优势转化为理论优势和话语优势,有助于塑造良好的中国民主形象,打破西方民主话语的桎梏,提升中国民主的国际话语权和影响力。全过程人民民主坚持以人民为中心的理念,侧重民主参与的全过程性,强调协商与合作,为中国民主话语体系赋予“人民性”价值底蕴,使其摆脱了“民主=选举”的话语窠臼,蕴含了“良政善治”的叙事逻辑,给其贴上“共识政治”的标签,确立了合理的民主评价标准。以全过程人民民主为支点构建中国民主话语体系,必须扎根全过程人民民主的多样性实践,加强对全过程人民民主的学术研究,深化对全过程人民民主的理论创新,提炼出我国人民认可且能为国际社会接受的中国民主话语。

大国兴衰与国际秩序的历史演进

大国兴衰与国际秩序的历史演进有着非常密切的联系。尽管近代以来国际秩序的具体形态不断发生演变,大国之间的力量对比不断发生改变,但欧洲和西方大国始终是国际秩序的主导力量。二战结束之后,摆脱了殖民地或半殖民地地位的非西方大国开始登上世界舞台。冷战结束后,一批非西方大国在新一轮的经济全球化进程中乘势而起,改变了大国之间力量对比结果,促成了“世界百年未有之大变局”的到来。相比于西方大国,非西方大国不仅具有更为广阔和长远的发展优势,更有不同的历史经验和价值追求,从而为国际秩序的发展变化注入了新的活力。而中国提出“人类命运共同体”理念构想和“全球发展倡议”“全球安全倡议”“全球文明倡议”,更是为超越当今世界所面临的挑战和困局,构建更为公正、合理的国际秩序,提供了令人鼓舞的发展目标和前景。

“发展中国家”概念何以引发争议?——GATT框架下的概念史考察

“发展中国家”是全球治理中的一个基础性概念,近年来却成为国际话语场域中的争议性概念。考察关税及贸易总协定框架下“发展中国家”概念的历史,对于厘清相关争议的缘起和进一步理解国际话语竞争具有重要价值。“发展中国家”概念在GATT框架下经历了三个阶段:20世纪50年代以修订GATT1947第18条为代表的概念孕育阶段,60年代以增加GATT1947第四部分为代表的概念萌芽阶段和70年代以后以普惠制、差别优惠待遇及“毕业原则”等为代表的概念流行阶段。GATT框架下的“发展中国家”概念展现出模糊甚至混乱的特征,为日后世界贸易组织的相关争议埋下了隐患。西方发达国家在这一概念的塑造过程中注入了自身的价值观,而发展中国家的参与却十分有限,这也为当今的国际话语竞争提供了重要的启示。

中西融合视域下中国小说诗学话语体系建构

中国小说理论体系要立于中国,面向世界,需要融通中西学术的视野,以“中国”为方法,以“世界”为目的,超越中国小说研究的传统子史框架,构建中国小说的起源、本体论、认识论、概念视域、写作模式、形式技巧和阐释学实践的系统框架,然后进入概念分析、哲学反思、本质探究、机制剖析等深层次研究,从而形成自成一体的非西方叙事的中国小说诗学话语体系。中国小说诗学话语体系的建构需要理性批判、形而上学、中庸调和、中西融合、系统思维以及历时与共时整合的综合研究方法。

金融生态、经济发展与西部金融中心构建路径

推进西部金融中心建设是成渝地区双城经济圈建设的重要内容。那么,成渝地区金融发展的“家底”如何?与国家战略目标的差距有多大?运用AHP方法构建区域金融生态指标体系,对重庆和成都的金融生态进行评价;并以上海金融生态为标的,分析重庆和成都共建西部金融中心与上海金融中心的差距;运用PVAR模型实证检验金融生态与经济发展的关系。研究发现:重庆、成都和成渝的金融生态主体发展水平远落后于上海,部分金融生态环境均值指标也相对落后;金融中心能够增强金融要素资源集聚功能,优化资本配置,促进金融生态良性循环;良好的金融生态有利于经济发展,经济发展又可以促进金融生态主体发展和金融生态环境改善;构建西部金融中心有助于促进成渝地区金融生态良性循环,打造西部经济高质量发展重要增长极和新的动力源。基于此,从金融生态视角提出重庆和成都共同打造内陆国际金融中心的路径。