Discussion on Calculation Method of Poverty Incidence in the Exit Evaluation of Poverty-Stricken Counties and Villages

Poverty incidence is the key index that needs to be measured in the poverty exit examination and evaluation of 832 poverty-stricken counties and 128 000 poverty-stricken villages. In this paper, based on the statement of general concept and conventional calculation method of the poverty incidence, the calculation method of poverty incidence in the exit evaluation of poverty-stricken counties （also including poverty-stricken township and poverty-stricken villages） was investigated through the view of the third-party evaluation. In addition to considering the previous ＂number of planned poverty remaining population＂, the method also needed to give consideration to the exiting mistaken population, evaluation missing population. Based on the case in Yuanyang County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, the poverty incidences of 10 exit planning villages by the end of 2017 in Yuanyang County were investigated and estimated, and suggestions were proposed to promote the precise poverty alleviation and poverty relief of the county.

Land Remediation Projects in Poverty-stricken Counties in Tibetan Areas Promoting Poverty Alleviation——A Case Study of Songpan County,Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in the four provinces of China,one of the concentrated areas in China. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of land consolidation in Songpan County to promote poverty alleviation and development through specific cases. The results show that land remediation has improved agricultural production conditions,promoted agricultural efficiency,increased farmers' income,improved rural living conditions,promoted the development of urban and rural integration,improved the ecological environment,solved the problem that restricts the survival and development of poverty-stricken areas,enhanced the ability of farmers to develop themselves,raised the level of civilization in rural areas,and promoted poverty alleviation and development. The poverty alleviation and development has provided certain financial support for land remediation. It has promoted land remediation,and pointed out key directions for land remediation. It has an indirect promotion effect on land remediation.

Multi-level Cooperation and Complementary Advantage Poverty Alleviation Model in Poverty-Stricken Counties of Tibetan Areas:A Case Study of Songpan County in Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province,it belongs to a concentrated poverty-stricken area in China.Through summarizing the specific conditions of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model in Songpan County,this paper analyzed the effect of this model.Through the analysis on the cooperative poverty alleviation model(eastern-western cooperation,provincial targeted assistance,county-wide"four-leading and four-assistance"inner-party assistance,social force"10000 enterprises helping 10000 villages",and"visiting every household and keeping every person busy"),it summarized the implementation and actual results of each level.In addition,it summarized the problems encountered in the implementation process of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model and came up with recommendations.With the aid of this successful multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,Songpan County has achieved a decisive victory in the fight against poverty.At the end of April 2019,the poverty rate in the whole region fell to 0.45%,and it successfully took off the poverty hat.This paper analyzed and refined the specific practice,main achievements,successful experience,implications and reference significance of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,to provide necessary references for innovation of poverty alleviation model in poverty-stricken Tibetan areas,or even other similar provinces and regions.

Land Use Regionalization in Poor Counties in Mountainous Areas Based on Targeted Poverty Alleviation

Land use regionalization is a strategic measure for the rational use,management and protection of land resources based on local conditions.Based on the needs of targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategy and the analysis on the natural and socioeconomic conditions,characteristics of land resources,and the current status of land use in Luquan County,corresponding regionalization indices were selected from four aspects:economic environment conditions,socioeconomic conditions,land resources and land use structure,and poverty alleviation and development level,a scientific and feasible index system for land use regionalization was constructed,and land use in Luquan County was regionalized by using systematic cluster analysis method.The results show that the 16 townships(towns)of Luquan County were divided into four land use regions,poverty alleviation region for development of new town and characteristic industries in the southwest(I),agricultural development and ecological poverty alleviation region in central mountainous area(II),poverty alleviation region for development of characteristic agriculture and tourism towns in eastern plateau mountainous area(III),and poverty alleviation region for development of characteristic industries and protection of land economy in the northern alpine valley area(IV).In addition,suggestions were put forward for the rational use of land in each region.

县域地区父母卷入对儿童希望感的影响——基于西部N县数据的实证研究

聚焦西部县域儿童希望感,基于课题组在N县23所学校开展的中学生调查数据,运用多元线性回归分析了父母卷入对儿童希望感的影响,并纳入交互项,从性别和留守视角分析父母卷入对儿童希望感影响的异质性。研究发现:(1)父母的情感卷入和母亲认知卷入均会对儿童希望感产生显著的正向影响;(2)性别视角下,父母卷入对儿童希望感的影响不存在显著的性别差异;(3)留守状态视角下父母卷入的影响效应差异并不显著;(4)留守距离视角下,对于双留守而言,父母一方在省内会显著降低父亲的行为卷入,但会显著提升母亲的行为卷入。在此基础上,提出应从强化家庭教育宣传引导,促进特色产业发展,通过学校、社区的力量,加强对留守家庭的支持,促进西部县域儿童希望感的发展等方面的政策建议。

1936年:环县在中国共产党历史上重要地位的确立

1936年在中国共产党的历史上是比较重要的年份,中央红军先后进行了东征和西征,三大主力红军在甘肃、宁夏会师,抗日民族统一战线初步形成,红军取得了山城堡战役的胜利。这一系列事件中环县扮演着重要的角色。6月西征战役开始不久,中国共产党提出把以环县洪德城为中心的新苏区建成“西方根据地的重心”,陕甘宁省成立后省委和省政府迁移到今环县洪德镇河连湾村,使河连湾村成为新苏区的枢纽,起到了“西方根据地的重心”的作用。10月,红一、红二、红四方面军在会宁和将台堡分别会师后,继续进行战略转移,充分说明红军长征还在继续。11月下旬,红军三个方面军互相配合取得了山城堡战役的胜利。山城堡战役胜利标志着红军长征最终结束,山城堡应是红军长征的结束地。

健康中国建设背景下西部县域体教融合实践路径探究

在健康中国建设背景下,以政策规划、体教结合、产教开发为视域,运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,对西部县域体教融合的现实样态进行了研究,提出从落实国家政策和完善制度建设来改变教学生态;构建“四位一体”合作体系来保证人力、财力、物力的主体完整;明确人才培育途径,有效提升青少年体育技能水平。通过以上推进思路,为西部县域学校体育和社会综合性体育产业的可持续发展提供参考路径。

乡村产业融合发展对县域经济韧性的影响研究

基于2010—2021年中国西部民族地区乡村产业融合示范县、示范园和先导区试点县域的面板数据,采用渐进双重差分法与中介效应方法,实证分析乡村产业融合发展对西部民族地区县域经济韧性的作用机制及异质性影响。结果表明:乡村产业融合显著提升西部民族地区县域经济韧性,提升水平约1.5%,该结论经过一系列稳健性检验依然成立;机制分析表明,农业劳动生产率与产业结构高级化是乡村产业融合提升县域经济韧性的两个重要渠道,其中产业结构高级化政策效应更为显著;异质性分析发现,乡村产业融合对西南民族地区县域经济韧性提升的政策效应更加明显;分维度分析显示,乡村产业融合主要从抵抗能力、适应能力和变革能力等3个维度对县域经济韧性发挥积极作用,在恢复能力维度作用还不显著。据此,建议西部民族地区增设县域产业园区,构建全产业链;提高经营主体劳动效率,优化乡村农业产业结构;强化农业风险管理意识,推广农业技术。

川西红层地区泥石流特征研究——以德昌县群英村王家坡沟为例

2022年8月23日德昌县乐跃镇群英村王家坡沟暴发群发性泥石流灾害,导致群英村至太平村的乡道严重堵塞,乡道两侧的耕地及经济作物大面积受毁。为揭示此次群发性泥石流的发育规律,本文结合实地调查和遥感影像对王家坡泥石流的形成机制、动力学特征进行综合研究。研究结果表明:此次泥石流在短历时强降雨情况下,坡面入渗迅速形成地表径流聚集于沟道,水流沿程掏蚀、侧蚀沟道岸坡形成大量的沟道松散固体物质,泥石流规模呈放大趋势冲出沟口形成泥石流灾害。该泥石流沟松散堆积物动储量为1.21×10^(4)m^(3),主要分为沟道物源、崩滑物源、侵蚀物源3种物源类型,其中沟道物源占比最大;最后计算了不同暴雨频率条件下泥石流的流量以及冲击力,为王家坡泥石流灾害防治提供可靠的数据和相应的防治措施。

家庭视角下中西部地区就近城镇化的形成逻辑及其影响

近年农民家庭在家乡县城购房已经成为中西部地区的普遍趋势,极大加速了这一区域就近城镇化进程。从农民生活世界出发,这主要缘于有限的家庭支付能力、家庭本位与乡土之根、区域婚备竞赛、子女教育需求、县级政府引导等多重因素。进城之后,农民家庭总体目标的转变塑造出了新的“一家三制”家庭形态,包括撑开在城-县-乡之间的家庭结构、半工-半耕-伴读的家计分工及积累性-保障性-发展性并行的家庭秩序。“一家三制”是中西部地区农民家庭应对现代性压力产生的新实践,也使得进城农民成为了兼具县城和乡村两种要素的“县乡两栖者”。县乡两栖打破了“城”与“乡”的地域边界,具有助推更高质量城乡融合发展的潜力,但也蕴藏着一定的家庭和社会危机。据此,建议将县乡两栖者作为推进新型城镇化和乡村振兴的政策重点对象,通过渐进式城镇化政策、合理确定县域产业建设定位和目标、统筹县域公共服务空间布局等手段,为其发挥积极功能创造更加有利的条件。

韧性视角下川西山地城市国土空间规划策略——以四川省丹巴县为例

总结相关研究进展及国内外实践经验,提出韧性城市“生态观、全空间、全过程、全社会”4个规划转变,从系统韧性、空间韧性及机制韧性3个维度解析国土空间规划响应路径,即以系统韧性为思想统领、以空间韧性为核心载体、以机制韧性为实施保障。以川西山地城市——丹巴县为例,将人与自然生命共同体的价值导向融入国土空间总体规划编制全过程,精准识别灾害风险,明晰韧性城市底图底数;明确韧性城市总体定位,制定空间策略;优化国土空间布局,筑牢“安全底线、安全底板、设施支撑”三重防线,即严守安全底线及资源利用上限、基于自然优化国土空间格局及布局、构筑城乡一体的防灾生活圈及多维交通;提出“多管合一”、全民防灾的建议,建立“纵横联动”的规划传导机制,以锚固安全国土空间。

农民县域城镇化的实践逻辑与功能定位——基于中西部农业县的多点调研

县域城镇化已成为我国新型城镇化道路的重要组成部分。中西部农业县的多点调研发现,当前县域城镇化实践是农民家庭在“经营教育”的内外推拉力作用下持续展开的。进城之后,农民家庭普遍采取半工半耕的家计策略、代际两栖的消费策略和教养分离的教育策略,来确保以教育目标实现为核心的县域生活秩序稳定,但由于县城作为非生产中心,其发展建立在对家庭内部的城乡资源的双向依附基础之上,农民县域城镇化实践过程并不稳定。对此,有必要从区域差异角度明确县域城镇化实践的功能定位,即在规模上应做到“过渡”而非“过度”;在内容上应主打“服务”而非“经营”;在空间上应辐射“县域”而非“县城”,以便发挥县域作为“扩大的稳定器”的功能以及回归以人为本的新型城镇化道路。

乡村振兴战略下推动县域新型城镇化发展——以山东省中西部县域为例

县域作为城乡融合推进的关键纽带,是中国新型城镇化建设的关键所在,也是城镇化体系构建的主要载体。以山东省城镇化水平相对较低的中西部县域为例,立足中西部县域新型城镇化现状,从产业分工、要素流动、空间协同以及保障服务等方面对县域新型城镇化发展的制约因素进行分析,并结合乡村振兴战略提出相应建议举措,即借助城乡产业合理分工、要素高效流动、空间优化布局及城乡社会保障统筹一体化推进,实现乡村振兴与城镇化发展的互动融合,助力县域新型城镇化发展迈上新台阶。

Rare Earth Elements Compositions and Genesis of Xinhua Large-Scale Phosphorite Deposit in Western Guizhou, China

Zhijin County in Western Guizhou is one of the most important production areas of phosphorites in China. In order to investigate genesis of the phosphorites, their REE compositions were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. For comparison, phosphorites from the Lower Cambrian black rock series in Southern China, such as Zunyi in Guizhou and Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province, were also analyzed. The analytical data show that: (1) Xinhua phosphorites possess a quite high and greatly varied total rare earth elements (ΣREE), which varying between 164.23×10-6 and 1395.01×10-6 with average of 642.54×10-6, remarkable differentiation between light (LREE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE), and the ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios varying between 5.04 and 6.52. The ΣREE and ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios of the Zunyi and Zhangjiajie phosphorites are 156.69×10-6～637.41×10-6 with average of 431 75×10-6 and 3.17～6.95 with average of 4.37 respectively; (2) All the phosphorites from Xinhua, Zunyi and Zhangjiajie show remarkable negative Ce anomalies. Besides, the Xinhua phosphorites possess lower δCe, which varying between 0.26 and 0.53 with average of 0.35, while δCe of the Zunyi and Zhangjiajie phosphorites are 0.30～0.66 with average of 0.47, suggesting that all of the phosphorites are typical marine sediments deposited mainly in ancient peri-continental seas, and the depositional position of the Xinhua phosphorite might be deeper; (3) Most phosphorites from Xinhua, Zunyi and Zhangjiajie possess unremarkable positive Eu anomaly, and only a few of samples show obvious ones. The δEu varies between 0.98 and 2.4, suggesting that hot (>200 ℃) and strong reductive hydrothermal fluids might have been involved in genesis of the phosphorites; (4) The Xinhua phosphorite is relatively depleted in HREE, and LaN/NdN and δY of most samples are >1 and >1.5 respectively. Besides, there exists no correlation between δY and δCe, suggesting that the phosphorite was subjected to quite strong weathering and leaching processes, and catagenesis do not greatly modify its REE compositions.

Impacts of formal credit on rural household income:Evidence from deprived areas in western China

Financial support is a crucial part of China's poverty alleviation effort.Thus,it is vital to understand how formal credit impacts income growth in rural households.In 2012,2015,and 2018,a survey was conducted to obtain a panel dataset of 592 rural households from 6 poverty-stricken counties in western China,including counties in Guizhou,Yunnan,and Shaanxi provinces.We use the data to examine the effect of formal credit on rural household income and the mechanism that underlies this effect.We find that formal credit can significantly increase rural households'income in deprived areas in western China.Furthermore,formal credit promotes the reallocation of household labor from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector and changes rural households'decisions about investment-consumption behavior.These are the drivers of changes in the amount and structure of household income.Further analyses show that formal credit may widen income inequality among rural households in western China's deprived areas.The individual characteristics of rural households,such as different levels of material capital,human capital,and social capital,bring about differences in the effects of formal credit on income growth.This study emphasizes that the implementation of formal credit is an essential strategy for poverty alleviation in underdeveloped areas,but policymakers should not excessively interfere with the financial market.

On Liaoximordellidae Fam. Nov. (Coleoptera, Insecta) from the Jurassic of Western Liaoning, China

A new insect family Liaoximordellidae (fam. nov.) has been named for a well-preserved specimen which was collected from the Upper Jurassic outcropping west of Daxinfangzi Village, Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province. The specimen can not be put into Mordellidae or Praemordellidae because it possesses some original and intermediate characters in morphology. It serves the study of mordellid evolution. Besides, the fossil group associated with the insect is important for the stratigraphic division of the Mesozoic in western Liaoning.

Poverty Alleviation in the Poor Mountainous Areas of Western China by Supporting Industry: A Case Study of Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province

Poverty alleviation by supporting industry is a key measure to promote the poverty alleviation of relocated households. Taking Xundian County, the first county in Yunnan Province that has been lifted out of poverty, as an research case, this article analyzes and summarizes the industry-supporting poverty alleviation achievements and successful experience of two typical relocation areas (Shanhou Village and Eyang Village) in Xundian County. Practice has shown that the key to industry-supporting poverty alleviation lies in targetedness to strengthen the participation of poor farmers in industrial development. The interests of poverty alleviation entities should be linked by market mechanism to establish a benign interaction between all parties for win-win situation, thereby effectively guaranteeing the long-term and healthy development of poverty alleviation by supporting industry.

Analysis and Prediction of Residents' Income Gap in Poverty-stricken Areas of Yunnan Province

Taking Ludian County in Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province for example,according to the data on residents'income gap in Ludian County during the period 2002-2011,we analyze the residents'income gap in Ludian County,and offer the forecast value of residents'income gap in Ludian County during the period 2012-2015,using Compertz curve model and Eviews software for fitting.The forecast value shows that the residents'income gap will continue to widen in Ludian County.Finally we put forth the recommendations for bridging the residents'income gap in Ludian County,in order to provide a reference for settling the problems concerning residents'income gap in other state-level povertystricken counties of Yunnan Province.

基于GIS空间技术和MaxEnt模型预测川西松材线虫病入侵风险

【目的】松材线虫在我国主要以松墨天牛和云杉花墨天牛为传播媒介,感染林木后常导致森林毁灭性破坏。预测松材线虫病入侵风险不仅对森林保护与质量提升具有重要参考价值,还关乎我国生态安全与碳中和目标的实现。【方法】本文基于川西理县24个云杉花墨天牛和55个枯死松树(云杉花墨天牛羽化前载体)地理分布点以及20个生物与非生物因子数据,利用GIS分析工具和最大熵模型(MaxEnt)对该县云杉花墨天牛适生区和枯死松树潜在分布区进行预测,并通过MaxEnt软件内建的刀切法剖析影响云杉花墨天牛适生区与松树分布区的主要因子。考虑到松材线虫病发生至少需同时具备传播媒介(云杉花墨天牛)和载体(松树)二要素,将云杉花墨天牛适生区和枯死松树分布区数据进行加权求和,预测松材线虫病发生的潜在分布区,评估其入侵风险。【结果】研究发现MaxEnt模型对云杉花墨天牛适生区和枯死松树分布区的预测工作特征曲线的下面积值分别为0.993和0.969,表明模型的预测结果为优,可用于松材线虫病潜在入侵风险预测。松材线虫病潜在入侵风险评估发现距居民点1.5 km内、年均气温为7.8~10.1℃、最湿季降水量为345~358 mm时松材线虫病潜在发生风险最高。模型预估理县松材线虫病潜在发生高风险区面积为10616 hm^(2),沿道路呈带状分布于各乡镇,占县域针叶林总面积7.1%。【结论】基于GIS空间技术和MaxEnt模型有助于预测川西林区松材线虫病入侵风险。但是,随着经济建设与气候变化,川西松材线虫传播与发生存在较大不确定性,应加强居民点、公路沿线松材线虫及其传播媒介的监测,完善防控应急预案,保障川西林区生态安全。

Poverty-stricken County Cares for Orphans

Bettering orphan rescue and assistance policies and improving the upbringing of orphans have been top on the agenda of China＇s civil affairs departments in 2006. A survey conducted by the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 2005 shows that one-third of the country＇s 573,＇30 orphans do not receive regular, system-guaranteed help. Some orphans have been forced to drop out of school and lead a vagrant life, Some have even become petty thieves.