There have been many studies on life cycle assessment in sewage treatment,but there are scarce few studies on the treatment of industrial wastewater in combination with advanced oxidation technology,especially in cata...There have been many studies on life cycle assessment in sewage treatment,but there are scarce few studies on the treatment of industrial wastewater in combination with advanced oxidation technology,especially in catalytic wet air oxidation(CWAO).There are no cases of using actual industrialized data onto life cycle assessment.This paper uses Simapro 9.0 software to establish a life cycle assessment model for the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater by CWAO,and comprehensively explains the impact on the environment from three aspects:the construction phase,the operation phase and the demolition phase.In addition,sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis were performed.The results showed that the key factors affecting the environment were marine ecotoxicity,mineral resource consumption and global warming,the operation stage had the greatest impact on the environment,which was related to high power consumption during operation and emissions from the treatment process.Sensitivity analysis showed that electricity consumption has the greatest impact on abiotic depletion and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity,and it also proved that global warming is mainly caused by pollutant emissions during operation phase.Monte Carlo simulations found slightly higher uncertainty for abiotic depletion and toxicity-related impact categories.展开更多
The properties of soybean protein/poly（vinyl alcohol） （SP/ PVA） blended fibers subjected to wet heat treatment in hot water were measured. The structure of fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscope ...The properties of soybean protein/poly（vinyl alcohol） （SP/ PVA） blended fibers subjected to wet heat treatment in hot water were measured. The structure of fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction （WXD） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The results show that the wet heat treatment above 100℃ has a great influence on the properties and structure of SP/PVA blended fibers. After the wet heat treatment at high temperature, the fibers exhibit the severe shrinking and yellowing, the great decrease in breaking strength and adhesive aggregation. The fibers show a broader main X-ray diffraction peak with the disappearance of minor diffraction peaks, a double DSC melting behavior with the peak temperatures of 215 and 233℃, and a weaker intensity of crystallization-sensitive absorbance peak of PVA component at 1 142 cm^-1. Therefore it is concluded that the wet heat treatment above 100℃ leads to a change in the crystalline structure of fibers and the scission and degradation of PVA macromolecular chains.展开更多
This paper describes the application of wet air oxidation to the treatment of desizing wastewater from two textile companies. A two\|liter high temperature, high pressure autoclave reactor was used in the study. The r...This paper describes the application of wet air oxidation to the treatment of desizing wastewater from two textile companies. A two\|liter high temperature, high pressure autoclave reactor was used in the study. The range of operating temperatures examined was between 150 and 290℃, and the partial pressure of oxygen ranged from 0.375 to 2.25 MPa. Variations in pH, COD Cr and TOD content were monitored during each experiment and used to assess the extent of conversion of the process. The effects of temperature, pressure and reaction time were explored extensively. More than 90% COD Cr reduction and 80% TOC removal have been obtained. The results have also been demonstrated that WAO is a suitable pre\|treatment methods due to improvement of the BOD\-5/COD\-\{Cr\} ratio of desizing wastewater. The reaction kinetics of wet air oxidation of desizing wastewater has been proved to be two steps, a fast reaction followed by a slow reaction stage.展开更多
Main aim of this study was focused on characterization of the effect of microwave air plasma treatment on wettability of synthetic polymer surfaces. Wettability of solid polymer surfaces polyethylene, polypropylene, p...Main aim of this study was focused on characterization of the effect of microwave air plasma treatment on wettability of synthetic polymer surfaces. Wettability of solid polymer surfaces polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene (PE, PP, PS) was followed as a function of plasma treatment time. For evaluation the equilibrium contact angles of wetting as well as dynamic contact angles of wetting were determined by means of sessile drop and Wilhelmy plate methods. Free surface energy (SFE) of studied samples were calculated from the experimentally determined contact angles using Fowkes and van Oss, Chaudhury and Good (vOCG) approaches. It was found that with prolonged treatment time the total surface free energy of PE was two times increased from 23 mJ/m2 to 45 mJ/m2 after 360 s plasma treatment time (calculated for W and EG as wetting liquids). Similar effect was found for all studied polymers. With respect to the dispersive and polar components of the total surface free energy the vigorous effect was found for polar component, for which it was increased from 7 mJ/m2 to 20 mJ/m2.展开更多
Treatment of the wet form of age-related macular degeneration(wet AMD) has been revolutionized a decade ago with the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) blockers that reduce neovascularization and...Treatment of the wet form of age-related macular degeneration(wet AMD) has been revolutionized a decade ago with the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) blockers that reduce neovascularization and macular edema. Two approved drugs are marketed for the treatment of wet AMD—ranibizumab and aflibercept, but there is a third drug, bevacizumab, which is widely used offlabel; a cancer drug that also blocks VEGF but was never tested in pivotal trials and never approved for ophthalmic indications including wet AMD. Similarity of bevacizumab to ranibizumab led to off-label use and even to government-sponsored studies comparison the approved ranibizumab head-to-head to the offlabel cancer drug bevacizumab in wet AMD, like the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials(CATT) study, discussed in this perspective paper. Recent publication of 5-year follow-up from the initial 2-year CATT study provided the occasion to discuss the similarities and differences between these two drugs and the lessons learned from the last decade of anti-VEGF therapy for wet AMD. Clinical efficacy is comparable, with an advantage for ranibizumab. Likewise, safety finding favor ranibizumab over bevacizumab in some aspects. The latest addition of approved anti-VEGF drugs for wet AMD, aflibercept, may provide even more benefit to patients. In this perspective we discuss results of CATT and other longterm follow-up and comparative studies. While all demonstrate clinical benefit of anti-VEGF, all reveal that most patients' loose visual acuity(VA) in real-life situations over 5–7 years. This loss is based on—what we believe—significant under-treatment of wet AMD patients, due to economic or practical limitations and overestimation of perceived risks as geographic atrophy. We compare own data that showed more intensive treatment(more than twice the CATT-follow-up injections) with ranibizumab or aflibercept can maintain a sustained gain in VA in wet AMD patients after 6 years. We encourage retina specialists to treat wet AMD patients more aggressively and frequently in order to provide the maximum benefit for their patients.展开更多
Poly-crystalline anatase TiO2 layer fabricated by LPCVD using titanium-tetra-iso-propoxide and NbF5 in H2-ambient was treated in conc.-HCl solution after thin layer of IIIb-group metal was deposited on the TiO2 layer....Poly-crystalline anatase TiO2 layer fabricated by LPCVD using titanium-tetra-iso-propoxide and NbF5 in H2-ambient was treated in conc.-HCl solution after thin layer of IIIb-group metal was deposited on the TiO2 layer. Resistivity of the as-deposited layer about 1 × 10-1 Ω·cm was drastically reduced to 3 × 10-3 Ω·cm by the wet-treatment using indium. Temperature dependence of the resistivity increased with temperature above 100 K for the wet-treated layer was quite different from that decreased above 100 K for the as-deposited layer, whereas the resistivity was saturated at lower temperatures. The resistivity at room-temperature was decreased with the thickness before the wet-treatment but independent on the thickness above 100 nm for the wet-treated layer. Indium was more effective for the resistivity reduction than gallium but aluminum was not useful for the treatment. As the results that the wet-treatment using indium was examined for the TiO2 layers deposited by various conditions, the optimum deposition condition to reduce the resistivity of the layer after the wet-treatment was clearly different from that for the as-deposited layer.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52100072,52100213)the Fundamental Research FundsfortheCentralUniversities(JZ2021HGTA0159,JZ2021HGQA0212)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA21021101)the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(KM202010017006)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8214056)。
文摘There have been many studies on life cycle assessment in sewage treatment,but there are scarce few studies on the treatment of industrial wastewater in combination with advanced oxidation technology,especially in catalytic wet air oxidation(CWAO).There are no cases of using actual industrialized data onto life cycle assessment.This paper uses Simapro 9.0 software to establish a life cycle assessment model for the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater by CWAO,and comprehensively explains the impact on the environment from three aspects:the construction phase,the operation phase and the demolition phase.In addition,sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis were performed.The results showed that the key factors affecting the environment were marine ecotoxicity,mineral resource consumption and global warming,the operation stage had the greatest impact on the environment,which was related to high power consumption during operation and emissions from the treatment process.Sensitivity analysis showed that electricity consumption has the greatest impact on abiotic depletion and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity,and it also proved that global warming is mainly caused by pollutant emissions during operation phase.Monte Carlo simulations found slightly higher uncertainty for abiotic depletion and toxicity-related impact categories.
基金This workis supported by the Science and Technology Development Project (Grant No.2004BA304B05-03) of the Chinese Ministry ofScience and Technology .
文摘The properties of soybean protein/poly（vinyl alcohol） （SP/ PVA） blended fibers subjected to wet heat treatment in hot water were measured. The structure of fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction （WXD） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The results show that the wet heat treatment above 100℃ has a great influence on the properties and structure of SP/PVA blended fibers. After the wet heat treatment at high temperature, the fibers exhibit the severe shrinking and yellowing, the great decrease in breaking strength and adhesive aggregation. The fibers show a broader main X-ray diffraction peak with the disappearance of minor diffraction peaks, a double DSC melting behavior with the peak temperatures of 215 and 233℃, and a weaker intensity of crystallization-sensitive absorbance peak of PVA component at 1 142 cm^-1. Therefore it is concluded that the wet heat treatment above 100℃ leads to a change in the crystalline structure of fibers and the scission and degradation of PVA macromolecular chains.
文摘This paper describes the application of wet air oxidation to the treatment of desizing wastewater from two textile companies. A two\|liter high temperature, high pressure autoclave reactor was used in the study. The range of operating temperatures examined was between 150 and 290℃, and the partial pressure of oxygen ranged from 0.375 to 2.25 MPa. Variations in pH, COD Cr and TOD content were monitored during each experiment and used to assess the extent of conversion of the process. The effects of temperature, pressure and reaction time were explored extensively. More than 90% COD Cr reduction and 80% TOC removal have been obtained. The results have also been demonstrated that WAO is a suitable pre\|treatment methods due to improvement of the BOD\-5/COD\-\{Cr\} ratio of desizing wastewater. The reaction kinetics of wet air oxidation of desizing wastewater has been proved to be two steps, a fast reaction followed by a slow reaction stage.
基金support of Operational Program Research and Development for Innovations co-funded by European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)and national budget of Czech Republic within the frame work of the Centre of Polymer Systems project(reg.number CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0111)to the Tomas Bata University in Zlin Internal Grant Agency project no.IGA/FT/2012/020.
文摘Main aim of this study was focused on characterization of the effect of microwave air plasma treatment on wettability of synthetic polymer surfaces. Wettability of solid polymer surfaces polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene (PE, PP, PS) was followed as a function of plasma treatment time. For evaluation the equilibrium contact angles of wetting as well as dynamic contact angles of wetting were determined by means of sessile drop and Wilhelmy plate methods. Free surface energy (SFE) of studied samples were calculated from the experimentally determined contact angles using Fowkes and van Oss, Chaudhury and Good (vOCG) approaches. It was found that with prolonged treatment time the total surface free energy of PE was two times increased from 23 mJ/m2 to 45 mJ/m2 after 360 s plasma treatment time (calculated for W and EG as wetting liquids). Similar effect was found for all studied polymers. With respect to the dispersive and polar components of the total surface free energy the vigorous effect was found for polar component, for which it was increased from 7 mJ/m2 to 20 mJ/m2.
文摘Treatment of the wet form of age-related macular degeneration(wet AMD) has been revolutionized a decade ago with the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) blockers that reduce neovascularization and macular edema. Two approved drugs are marketed for the treatment of wet AMD—ranibizumab and aflibercept, but there is a third drug, bevacizumab, which is widely used offlabel; a cancer drug that also blocks VEGF but was never tested in pivotal trials and never approved for ophthalmic indications including wet AMD. Similarity of bevacizumab to ranibizumab led to off-label use and even to government-sponsored studies comparison the approved ranibizumab head-to-head to the offlabel cancer drug bevacizumab in wet AMD, like the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials(CATT) study, discussed in this perspective paper. Recent publication of 5-year follow-up from the initial 2-year CATT study provided the occasion to discuss the similarities and differences between these two drugs and the lessons learned from the last decade of anti-VEGF therapy for wet AMD. Clinical efficacy is comparable, with an advantage for ranibizumab. Likewise, safety finding favor ranibizumab over bevacizumab in some aspects. The latest addition of approved anti-VEGF drugs for wet AMD, aflibercept, may provide even more benefit to patients. In this perspective we discuss results of CATT and other longterm follow-up and comparative studies. While all demonstrate clinical benefit of anti-VEGF, all reveal that most patients' loose visual acuity(VA) in real-life situations over 5–7 years. This loss is based on—what we believe—significant under-treatment of wet AMD patients, due to economic or practical limitations and overestimation of perceived risks as geographic atrophy. We compare own data that showed more intensive treatment(more than twice the CATT-follow-up injections) with ranibizumab or aflibercept can maintain a sustained gain in VA in wet AMD patients after 6 years. We encourage retina specialists to treat wet AMD patients more aggressively and frequently in order to provide the maximum benefit for their patients.
文摘Poly-crystalline anatase TiO2 layer fabricated by LPCVD using titanium-tetra-iso-propoxide and NbF5 in H2-ambient was treated in conc.-HCl solution after thin layer of IIIb-group metal was deposited on the TiO2 layer. Resistivity of the as-deposited layer about 1 × 10-1 Ω·cm was drastically reduced to 3 × 10-3 Ω·cm by the wet-treatment using indium. Temperature dependence of the resistivity increased with temperature above 100 K for the wet-treated layer was quite different from that decreased above 100 K for the as-deposited layer, whereas the resistivity was saturated at lower temperatures. The resistivity at room-temperature was decreased with the thickness before the wet-treatment but independent on the thickness above 100 nm for the wet-treated layer. Indium was more effective for the resistivity reduction than gallium but aluminum was not useful for the treatment. As the results that the wet-treatment using indium was examined for the TiO2 layers deposited by various conditions, the optimum deposition condition to reduce the resistivity of the layer after the wet-treatment was clearly different from that for the as-deposited layer.
