Nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC)scheme is an effective method of multi-objective optimization control in complex industrial systems.In this paper,a NMPC scheme for the wet limestone flue gas desulphurization(W...Nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC)scheme is an effective method of multi-objective optimization control in complex industrial systems.In this paper,a NMPC scheme for the wet limestone flue gas desulphurization(WFGD)system is proposed which provides a more flexible framework of optimal control and decision-making compared with PID scheme.At first,a mathematical model of the FGD process is deduced which is suitable for NMPC structure.To equipoise the model’s accuracy and conciseness,the wet limestone FGD system is separated into several modules.Based on the conservation laws,a model with reasonable simplification is developed to describe dynamics of different modules for the purpose of controller design.Then,by addressing economic objectives directly into the NMPC scheme,the NMPC controller can minimize economic cost and track the set-point simultaneously.The accuracy of model is validated by the field data of a 1000 MW thermal power plant in Henan Province,China.The simulation results show that the NMPC strategy improves the economic performance and ensures the emission requirement at the same time.In the meantime,the control scheme satisfies the multiobjective control requirements under complex operation conditions(e.g.,boiler load fluctuation and set point variation).The mathematical model and NMPC structure provides the basic work for the future development of advanced optimized control algorithms in the wet limestone FGD systems.展开更多
The mechanism of expansion of mortars and pastes with limestone filler due to external sulfate attack was studied.Mortars and pastes made at water to solid ratios of 0.45, 0.5, 0.6 from Portland Cement (OPC) with 0%, ...The mechanism of expansion of mortars and pastes with limestone filler due to external sulfate attack was studied.Mortars and pastes made at water to solid ratios of 0.45, 0.5, 0.6 from Portland Cement (OPC) with 0%, 20% or 30% (w/w) limestone filler (LF) were cured in a 95±1% RH moist room at 20±1℃for 14 or 28 days. They subsequently were immersed in 5% Na2SO4(0.35 M) solution at ambient temperature (1-35℃). The expansion of the specimens was measured every month, and selected samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that mortars with 20% LF show larger expansion than that of OPC mortars at up to 9 months of exposure, and the amount of gypsum in both mortars and pastes with LF is much more than that in mortars and pastes without LF. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the formation of massive gypsum leads to the lager expansion of the mortars and pastes containing 20% LF. These behaviors may be explained by the changes in hydration products due to the addition of LF.展开更多
基金Financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0601805)。
文摘Nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC)scheme is an effective method of multi-objective optimization control in complex industrial systems.In this paper,a NMPC scheme for the wet limestone flue gas desulphurization(WFGD)system is proposed which provides a more flexible framework of optimal control and decision-making compared with PID scheme.At first,a mathematical model of the FGD process is deduced which is suitable for NMPC structure.To equipoise the model’s accuracy and conciseness,the wet limestone FGD system is separated into several modules.Based on the conservation laws,a model with reasonable simplification is developed to describe dynamics of different modules for the purpose of controller design.Then,by addressing economic objectives directly into the NMPC scheme,the NMPC controller can minimize economic cost and track the set-point simultaneously.The accuracy of model is validated by the field data of a 1000 MW thermal power plant in Henan Province,China.The simulation results show that the NMPC strategy improves the economic performance and ensures the emission requirement at the same time.In the meantime,the control scheme satisfies the multiobjective control requirements under complex operation conditions(e.g.,boiler load fluctuation and set point variation).The mathematical model and NMPC structure provides the basic work for the future development of advanced optimized control algorithms in the wet limestone FGD systems.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50378092)
文摘The mechanism of expansion of mortars and pastes with limestone filler due to external sulfate attack was studied.Mortars and pastes made at water to solid ratios of 0.45, 0.5, 0.6 from Portland Cement (OPC) with 0%, 20% or 30% (w/w) limestone filler (LF) were cured in a 95±1% RH moist room at 20±1℃for 14 or 28 days. They subsequently were immersed in 5% Na2SO4(0.35 M) solution at ambient temperature (1-35℃). The expansion of the specimens was measured every month, and selected samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that mortars with 20% LF show larger expansion than that of OPC mortars at up to 9 months of exposure, and the amount of gypsum in both mortars and pastes with LF is much more than that in mortars and pastes without LF. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the formation of massive gypsum leads to the lager expansion of the mortars and pastes containing 20% LF. These behaviors may be explained by the changes in hydration products due to the addition of LF.
