Evaluation of Human Impacts on Bartlett Pond Ecosystem, Laredo, Southern Texas, USA, through Empirical Modeling

The trace elements chemistry of Bartlett Pond, a small shallow wetland pond in Laredo, Southern Texas, was sampled to evaluate the dynamics of trace elements impacts on water quality and ecosystems ecology of the pond. Two types of fish (bass and tilapia) were also sampled to see the trace element accumulation in different parts of their body. The concentrations of trace elements in water samples were found in the following order: Fe ≫Sb > Pb > As ≫Co > Tl > Cr > Cd within Bartlett Pond. Overall, the water quality of the pond is unacceptable for drinking and any other purposes as trace element concentrations (e.g. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Fe, Sb and Tl) are exceedingly higher (several fold) than the WHO and US EPA guidelines. Predictive and correlation analysis shows that most trace elements exhibit a strong positive correlation among them indicating the same anthropogenic sources and biogeochemical processes regulate these trace elements within the pond. Distributions of the trace elements in water exhibit different shapes mostly as positively skewed distribution for As, Cd, Co, Cr, and Tl, symmetrical distribution for Fe and almost symmetrical distribution for Pb and Sb. Concentrations of As, Co and Tl accumulated much higher in different parts of the Bass than Tilapia fish. The concentrations of As, Tl, Co, and Sb appeared significantly higher in different parts of the body of both Bass and Tilapia than the maximum SRM certified values. Accumulation of these contaminants in fish tissues pose increased health risks to humans who consume these contaminated fish although fishing is prohibited. Anthropogenic activities in the region primarily degrade the whole pond ecosystem ecology of the Bartlett Pond and waters of this pond to be not recommended for any use. These findings may be useful for the scientific community and concerned authorities to improve understanding about these precious natural resources and conservation of the ecosystem ecology.

Multi-stage ponds-wetlands ecosystem for effective wastewater treatment

The performance of the Dongying multi-stage ponds-wetlands ecosystem was investigated in this work. Study of the removal of different pollutants (BOD5, COD, SS, TP, TN, NH3-N, etc.) in different temperature seasons and different units in this system indicated that effluent BOD5 and SS were constant to less than 11 mg/L and 14 mg/L throughout the experimental proc- esses; but that the removal efficiencies of pollutants such as TP, TN, NH3-N, COD varied greatly with season. The higher the temperature was, the higher was the observed removal in this system. Additionally, each unit of the system functioned differently in removing pollutants. BOD5 and SS were mainly removed in the first three units (hybrid facultative ponds, aeration ponds and aerated fish ponds), whereas nitrogen and phosphates were mainly removed in hydrophyte ponds and constructed reed wetlands. The multi-stage ponds-wetlands ecosystem exhibits good potential of removing different pollutants, and the effluent quality meet several standards for wastewater reuse.

Purification and utilization of garlic processing wastewater in lotus pond wetlands

Based on the experiments of utilization of garlic processing wastewater in a lotus pond, this study demonstrates that lotus pond wetlands have a remarkable ability to remove organic pollutants and decrease chemical oxygen demand （CODCr）, biochemical oxygen demand （BOD5）, and suspended substances （SS） in garlic processing wastewater. Results also show evident effects of lotus roots on absorption of NH3-N. The pH value in a lotus pond with wastewater discharged was relatively stable. The water quality in the lotus pond reached the class Ⅱ emission standard, according to the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard （GB8978-1996）, seven days after pretreated garlic processing wastewater had been discharged into the lotus pond. Garlic processing wastewater irrigation does not produce pollution in the pond sediment and has no negative effect on the growth of lotus roots. Due to utilization of garlic processing wastewater, the output of lotus roots increased by 3.0% to 8.3%, and the quality of lotus roots was improved. Therefore, better purification and utilization results can be achieved.

The Relationship between Salinity and Bacterioplankton in Three Relic Coastal Ponds (Macchiatonda Wetland, Italy)

The great environmental importance of wetlands is linked to the high biodiversity of flora and fauna they support, so that the international Ramsar Convention focused on these areas and highlighted the need to preserve them. The bacterial communities that thrive in these ecosystems play a key role in regulating the local biogeochemical processes and yet their distribution, abundance and dynamics are poorly known. This work is aimed to study the bacterial assemblages over a year long, to contribute to the understanding of the natural processes occurring in wetlands at variable salinity. The knowledge of bacterial groups, species or assemblages can provide a useful bioindicator for conservation and restoration efforts. Macchiatonda Natural Reserve (Santa Severa, Rome, Italy) is a relic ecosystem, once found along the entire Tyrrhenian coast. This wetland encompasses three coastal ponds with different salinity, where both peculiar vegetation and highly diverse migratory and resident avifauna can be found. This ancient system has been scarcely investigated and nothing is known about its microbial community. The molecular metagenomic analyses performed to investigate the salinity/bacterioplankton relationship, highlighted differences in the bacterial structure, between ponds and seasons. Analogous trends in SSCP profiles, Shannon Index, and bacterial composition (16S) were observed in the two saltier ponds, whereas the entire set of results was different for the less salty one. The species diversity in the three ponds varied according the salinity gradient, with the maximum diversity corresponding to a salt concentration range between 20 and 30. At higher and lower salinity, the microbial diversity lowers, according to the “Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis”.

丽江拉市海国际重要湿地生态修复方案探究

拉市海国际重要湿地是我国重要的候鸟越冬栖息地之一,针对其整体环境整治问题,地方政府和管理部门做了大量工作,取得了较好成效,但还存在退化沼泽湿地急需修复、退养鱼塘急需生态修复、入湖河道急需治理等问题,基于此,提出退化沼泽湿地、退塘还湿、入湖河段生态修复以及破碎化湖滨带治理、外来物种防控等生态修复方案。通过湿地生态修复,湿地整体生态环境得到改善,候鸟栖息地、食源地得到修复,湿地植被和生物多样性明显增加,湿地景观得到优化,湿地生态服务功能有所提高。

生态塘-潜表流复合人工湿地对抚仙湖入湖河流水质净化效应及途径

为探明人工湿地在流域面源污染治理和高原湖泊及临湖流域水生态环境保护中的效用,本研究以尖山河流域生态塘-潜表流复合人工湿地11级功能区和4种植物为研究对象,通过测定2021年雨季6场典型降雨后各功能区污染物负荷、一个刈割周期内植物各器官及其对应土壤的氮磷含量,分析其氮磷积累量、富集系数和迁移系数的变化特点,深入探讨系统对不同面源污染物的去除效应及途径.结果表明:①生物沉砂塘对悬移质的沉积率范围为27.75%~55.00%,且逐级递减,系统对面源污染物的去除率在44.40%~78.87%之间,末端分区效果更为显著.②植物根区土壤作用(贡献率为59%~74%)是人工湿地氮去除的主要途径,植物吸收转化(贡献率为32%~42%)是磷去除的主要途径,在高污染负荷输入条件下悬移质削减率及污染物净化效应更优.③人工湿地植物营养元素的富集和株内迁移能力具有阶段性,氮、磷元素富集系数(分别为2.29~3.53、1.07~2.92)均大于1且向上迁移活跃,有利于修复环境污染.④单位面积氮磷去除速率均表现为表流湿地>潜流带状湿地,最优植物配置分别为再力花+旱伞草和香蒲+旱伞草.研究显示,合理调配土壤与植物比例及组合,高效利用不同植物配置路线对元素的敏感差异性,对入湿水体进行预处理和采用多功能、多塘系结合的人工湿地设计可稳定发挥水质净化效用.

城市水环境生态修复技术研究进展

随着我国城镇化进程的不断加速发展,生活、工业污水排放量逐年增加,城市水环境问题正变得愈发突出。近几年,生态修复技术作为一种绿色环保、可持续的水处理工艺,被逐渐应用于城市水环境的修复研究。在此基础上,综述了城市水环境生态修复技术的研究进展,主要包括生物浮岛,人工湿地、稳定塘等技术,并进一步总结了城市水环境生态修复技术的工程技术要点,讨论了水生植物在生态修复中的作用;最后对城市水环境生态修复技术的经济效益进行了分析,旨在呼吁城市水环境管理中更加重视生态修复技术的应用,以实现城市水环境的可持续发展。

近自然氧化塘人工湿地对城镇污水厂尾水复合污染物净化效果研究

由于城镇污水厂尾水污染物种类繁多、浓度和流量波动大,因此净化工艺较为复杂,净化效果较差。研究泗洪县地形等概况与近自然氧化塘人工湿地净化机理,预估污水处理量,规定净化前后水质标准。考虑地形地势和水流设计湿地结构,采用化学需氧量测试仪检测、稀释接种法等方法检测COD、BOD_(5)、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP等污染物的含量。结果表明,利用该方法净化城镇污水厂尾水复合污染物后,COD、BOD_(5)、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP的污染物浓度分别为8.0 mg/L、3.9 mg/L、5.0 mg/L、3.1 mg/L、4.4 mg/L,污染物去除率均超过50%。由此证明,该方法能够净化尾水中污染物,净化后的尾水质量较高。

洱海流域生态沟-库塘湿地系统对农田排水的净化效应

为探讨洱海流域生态沟-库塘湿地系统对农田排水氮、磷去除效应及其应用前景,在流域原位构建生态沟-库塘湿地系统对农田尾水进行了拦截净化,在分析流域雨季、旱季及全年3个时间段内系统进出水水质中化学需氧量(Chemical oxygen demand,COD)、总氮(Total nitrogen,TN)、总磷(Total phosphorus,TP)及铵态氮(Ammoniumnitrogen,NH_(4)^(+)-N)浓度变化特征基础上,引入改进灰色模式识别模型和综合平均污染指数对系统水质净化效果进行综合评价。结果表明,生态沟-库塘湿地系统对农田排水中TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TP和COD起到有效净化作用,全年对TN和COD去除率分别为15.20%~69.59%和4.46%~61.90%,出水最低浓度均可达地表水环境质量Ⅱ类标准;系统出水NH_(4)^(+)-N和TP全年平均分别达到地表水环境质量Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类标准。系统在雨季和旱季2个时间段平均出水分别为地表水环境质量Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类标准,全年平均出水可达地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准,系统对农田排水中TN和COD的去除是影响出水水质变化的重要因数。该研究表明,生态沟搭配库塘湿地能明显提高对流域农田排水中氮、磷及COD去除效率,系统全年平均出水可达地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准,同时具有运行稳定和环境经济效益的特点。

城市智能池塘的设计及应用

采用“人工湿地技术手段+自然生态恢复”方法,结合人工智能、互联网、物联网技术,设计一种智能池塘,该池塘功能上兼具净化水质、收纳雨水、补充地下水、增加亲水性等特点;植入智能监测系统,实时观测水量、水质及生态健康情况;智能池塘模块化设计,一体化集成,安装简便,运行可视化操作。智能池塘立足于海绵城市建设现状,浅池小水星罗棋布,能够填补城市小水面空白,为解决当下城市环境问题增添新路径。

生物生态技术处理农村生活污水案例分析

采用生物生态技术处理农村生活污水,将“化粪池+调节池+跌水复氧+水平潜流人工湿地+稳定塘”组合工艺应用于河南省灵宝市某村生活污水处理。连续运行中发现,该工艺具有较好的处理效果,COD、NH_(3)-N、TP等主要指标的平均去除率分别为72.8%、58.2%、55.1%,出水水质满足《河南省农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》(DB 41/1820-2019)二级标准,经处理的污水进入稳定塘暂存,并进行资源化利用不外排。本工程可为相似区域农村生活污水处理的技术选择和运行提供参考。

“三池一坝一湿地”工艺在集中连片淡水池塘养殖尾水处理中的应用——以邓金渔场养殖尾水处理项目为例

以邓金渔场养殖尾水为研究对象,探索了集中成片淡水池塘养殖尾水处理的有效路径。实践表明,应用“三池一坝一湿地”工艺,不引入化学类絮凝剂,水产养殖尾水经物理分离和生物作用,其中的悬浮物总量、TN、TP、CODMn等各项指标均可达到淡水池塘养殖水排放要求,可实现达标排放。

Performance of a subsurface-flow constructed wetland in Southern China

The operational performance of a full scale subsurface flow constructed wetland, which treated the mixed industrial and domestic wastewater with BOD 5/COD mean ratio of 0 33 at Shatian, Shenzhen City was studied. The constructed wetland system consists of screens, sump, pumping station, and primary settling basin, facultative pond, first stage wetland and secondary stage wetland. The designed treatment capacity is 5000 m 3/d, and the actual influent flow is in the range of <2000 to >10000 m 3/d. Under normal operational conditions, the final effluent quality well met the National Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978\_1996), with the following parameters(mean values): COD 33 90 mg/L, BOD 5 7.65 mg/L, TSS 7.92 mg/L, TN 9.11 mg/L and TP 0 56 mg/L. Seven species of plants were selected to grow in the wetland: Reed, Sweetcane flower Silvergrass, Great Bulrush, Powdery Thalia and Canna of three colours. The growing season is a whole year round. The seasonal discrepancy could be observed and the plants growing in the wetland are vulnerable to lower temperature in winter. The recycling of the effluent in the first stage of the wetland system is an effective measure to improve the performance of the wetland system. The insufficient DO value in the wetland system not only had significant effect on pollutants removal in the wetland, but also was unfavourable to plant growth. The recycling of effluent to the inlet of wetland system and artificial pond to increase DO value of influent to the wetland is key to operate the subsurface constructed wetland steadily and effectively.

A Novel Protection and Utilization Pattern for Urban Wetland—As an Example of Hemu Wetland in Hangzhou, China

This paper proposes an innovative plan and its implement strategy of Hemu urban wetland. The plan takes into consideration its historical background and current status, its protection significance, strategies, solutions and support conditions. It highlights the landscape characteristics of rivers and lakes, and restores its historical flood prevention functions and climate regulation for the city. Especially, this paper proposes to achieve the restoration of “Mulberry-sided Fish Pond” farming style—an important agricultural heritage created by the ancestors inside the wetland, which is a unique and creative way to use low land for ecological agriculture and cycling economy. The proposed wetland sewage treatment schemes would be of practical importance to improve and enhance the ecological environment and promote the construction of ecological civilization in the region. The “Two zones—One block and Three complexes” protection and utilization plan is reasonable and feasible. It fully presents the functions of the wetland for its production, living, life forms and ecology, and is characterized by joint protection of the wetland by original residents and social public. This will result in active, instead of passive, wetland protection, like turning a “blood transfusion protection” to “hematopoietic protection”, which reflects the sustainable development. The paper offers valuable information and strategies for planning and development of urban wetland.

传统养殖与组合湿地-池塘循环水养殖黄颡鱼的品质比较

为比较传统养殖与组合湿地-池塘循环水养殖黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)的品质差异,该研究对养殖池塘水质进行评价的同时,利用超高效液相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用等技术分析了组合湿地-池塘循环水及传统池塘养殖黄颡鱼的表观及质地品质、营养品质、风味品质。结果表明,组合湿地-池塘循环水池塘水质污染程度较低、水体富营养化程度减缓且其中养殖的黄颡鱼肌肉空壳率、亮度及白度值显著高于传统组,肌肉的蒸煮损失率显著降低。湿地组黄颡鱼必需氨基酸/总氨基酸为40.40%,必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸为78.67%,肌肉氨基酸组成更符合FAO/WTO推荐的理想蛋白模式。湿地组黄颡鱼不饱和脂肪酸、Omega-3脂肪酸及Omega-6脂肪酸含量分别为传统组的3.78倍、2.64倍以及3.25倍。湿地组黄颡鱼中呈油脂味等异味的挥发性气味物质含量下降,且呈苦味及酸味的氨基酸总占比下降,呈鲜味及甜味的氨基酸总占比上升,呈鲜味的IMP含量为传统组的3.16倍,呈苦味的HxR及Hx含量较传统组下降了17.00%及17.57%。综上,组合湿地-池塘循环水养殖黄颡鱼可食用部分占比更高,肉质更为白亮,肌肉营养组成更优、风味品质更佳。该研究可为黄颡鱼品质的提升及组合湿地-池塘循环水养殖模式的推广提供理论支持。

大黄堡湿地缓冲区池塘浮游植物多样性及水质生态评价

【目的】为了解大黄堡湿地缓冲区池塘浮游植物群落结构及与环境因子的相关性,并对其生态环境进行评价,为大黄堡湿地池塘水环境保护、修复及合理运用提供参考,【方法】于2021-09-15至2021-10-15和2022-05-15至2022-08-30在缓冲区池塘,采集浮游植物样品和水样,鉴定浮游植物种类、测定水质理化指标,分析浮游植物丰度与环境因子间的相关性。【结果】结果显示:监测期间,共鉴定浮游植物7门116种(属),主要以绿藻门为主,占其总数的39.70%;浮游植物平均丰度为12.63×108ind./L,以蓝藻门为主,占总丰度的76.83%;常见优势种为颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、席藻(Phormidium sp.)、小球藻(Chlorella sp.)和蹄形藻(Krichneriella sp.)等;浮游植物群落多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)和丰富度指数(D)平均值分别为1.72、0.36、1.39,湿地池塘水体处于中污染水平。浮游植物优势种丰度变化与水体pH、氧化还原电位、总氮和悬浮物有显著相关性(P<0.05)。【结论】大黄堡湿地缓冲区池塘水质总体为Ⅴ类水,浮游植物以蓝藻门种类为主,总体呈极富营养水平,应及时控制该池塘氮、磷等化合物的污染,达到对蓝藻的防治,避免水华的发生。

基于组合湿地构建的池塘循环水养殖系统运行效果

为探索适用于高密度池塘养殖尾水处理和水循环利用的生态工程技术,本研究构建了一套基于组合湿地的池塘循环水养殖系统。在考察组合湿地对池塘尾水中氮、磷等物质去除效果和养殖过程中池塘水质动态变化的基础上,分析评估了系统氮、磷利用效率。结果显示:在5.54 m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)高水力负荷下,组合湿地对氨氮(TAN)、硝态氮(NO-3-N)、总悬浮物(TSS)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)和化学耗氧量(COD)去除率分别为68.94%、-25.38%、60.86%、43.56%、16.67%和27.98%,湿地出水水质满足渔业养殖用水要求;养殖过程中,循环塘TAN、NO-2-N浓度较低,均值分别为0.72 mg/L、0.10 mg/L,显著低于对照塘,DO均值为4.85 mg/L,显著高于对照塘且较为稳定;主养品种黄颡鱼产量达到391.38 kg,较对照塘提高9.11%;氮、磷相对利用率分别提高10.68%和11.20%,绝对利用率分别提高11.06%和11.49%,环境积累占氮、磷支出比例分别减少8.90%和28.21%。结果表明组合湿地-池塘循环水养殖系统在节约水资源、提升养殖效果、提高氮磷物质利用效率等方面具有明显优势,是一种值得深入研究并推广应用的生态养殖模式。

自然因子驱动下的库塘湿地公园景观演变特征——以永安龙头国家湿地公园为例

为揭示库塘型国家湿地公园景观类型时空演变特征在自然因子上的变化与驱动因素,以永安龙头国家湿地公园的景观类型变化为基础,运用连续多影像数据解译出的景观类型图与地形、地形起伏度、集水区域3大自然因子进行叠加分析。通过分布指数变化情况,结合Spearson相关性分析,筛选对景观格局变化影响最大的驱动因子。结果表明:景观类型以稳定型为主,持续变化型体现在草地、建设用地与裸土地的不断变化中,且3类景观类型的转入率与转出率在2012—2020年间均下降;2012—2020年间裸土地与建设用地面积增加,其中,裸土地的地形位逐渐向中地形位发展,地势增加至低地势,可能会对湿地生态系统健康造成一定的影响;在Spearson相关性分析中,引起景观类型不断变化的主要驱动力是降雨侵蚀力,其他驱动因子较弱但也不可轻视。

人工湿地技术在农村生活污水中的应用

构建了基于人工湿地技术的农村生活污水处理系统,并将其应用在河南省新郑市某村。该处理系统主要采用“化粪池+折流厌氧反应器+跌水复氧+复合潜流人工湿地+稳定塘”组合工艺。实践表明,连续运行150 d内该工艺具有较好的处理效果,对COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为72.1%、66.8%、64.2%和54.8%,系统出水水质达到河南省《农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》(DB 41/1820—2019)一级标准。该工程可为河南省农村生活污水处理的技术选择和运行提供参考。

多水塘活水链技术在沙家浜湿地公园小微湿地改造中的应用

小微湿地在水质净化和生物多样性方面具有重要作用。本研究以沙家浜国家级湿地公园内的小微湿地群为例,研究了多水塘活水链技术在小微湿地群改造中的应用。通过实施水系连通、植被恢复、水生动物恢复和藻类恢复工程,将多个小微湿地串联起来,实现水质净化和区域生物多样性提升的双重目标,为长江中下游小微湿地群的改造及有效利用提供参考。