ABSTRACT: According to preliminary statistics, there are 9. 4 ×106ha of mire, 8. 0 × 106ha of lake, 2. 1 × 106ha of salt marsh, 2.1 × 107ha of shallow sea (0 - 5m), and 3. 8 × 107ha of paddyfi...ABSTRACT: According to preliminary statistics, there are 9. 4 ×106ha of mire, 8. 0 × 106ha of lake, 2. 1 × 106ha of salt marsh, 2.1 × 107ha of shallow sea (0 - 5m), and 3. 8 × 107ha of paddyfield, their total area amounts to 8. 45× 107ha. Wetland consists of natural wetland system and man-made wetland system. According to hydrology, landform, soil and vegetation etc., natural wetland can be divided into the following types: marine, esturine, riverine, lacustrine, palustrine subsystems. On the basis of the wetland bottom compound, waterlogged state and vegetation forms, it can be subdivided into 26 wetland classes. Man-made wetland can be subdivided into 4 wetland classes. Wetland is a unique landscape in the earth and one of the most important living environment with rich resources and many functions. At present, 262 different types of Wetland Natural Reserves have been established in China, in which 7 Wetland Nature Reserves have been listed in international important wetlands of The Wetland展开更多
Wetland is the transitional zone between the permanently wet and dry environment and shares the charac-teristics of the environment. Wetland is not yet to be classified unambiguously as either aquatic or terrestrial. ...Wetland is the transitional zone between the permanently wet and dry environment and shares the charac-teristics of the environment. Wetland is not yet to be classified unambiguously as either aquatic or terrestrial. However,the Ramsar Convention adopts an extremely broad approach in determining the wetland; as a result, several varieties ofhabitat types are included under the wetland definition. Wetlands are among the world’s most productive ecosystems andprovide a wide variety of goods and services. Nepal lies on the southern slopes of central Himalayas and occupies a totalarea of 147 181 km2between the latitudes 26°22′N and 30°27′N and the longitudes 80°40′E and 88°12′E. The di-verse landscape (60 -8 848 m) and bioclimatic conditions (alpine to tropical) of the country provide a unique niche fordifferent types of wetlands. These are distributed from high altitudinal glacial lakes to hot springs, ponds, ox-bowlakesto river floodplains, marshes and swamps. The country has 15 types of inland freshwater natural wetlands as classified bythe Ramsar Convention. These wetlands house several species of rare and endangered flora and fauna. The present paperattempts to highlight the various types of wetlands in Nepal with associate vegetation.展开更多
The quantitative research of wetland landscape fragmentation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River is important for the wetland and oasis sustainable development in the Hexi Corridor. Based on the data of remote se...The quantitative research of wetland landscape fragmentation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River is important for the wetland and oasis sustainable development in the Hexi Corridor. Based on the data of remote sensing and GIS, we constructed the type change tracker model with sliding window technique and spatially morphological rule. The suitable scale and optimum scale of the fragmentation model of wetland landscape in the middle reaches of the Heihe River were determined by the area frequency statistics method, Chi-square distribution normalized scale variance, fractal dimension and diversity index. By integrating type change tracker model and the optimum scale with GIS spatial analysis, the spatial distribution characteristics of wetland landscape fragmentation in different periods and the related spatial-temporal change process were clarified. The results showed that(1) the type change tracker model, which analyzes the spatial pattern of wetland fragmentation on the pixel level, is better than the traditional wetland fragmentation analysis on the landscape and patch levels;(2) The suitable scale for the wetland fragmentation ranged from 150 m×150 m to 450 m×450 m and the optimum scale was 250 m×250 m in the middle reaches of the Heihe River; and(3) In the past 35 years, the total wetland area decreased by 23.2% and the fragmentation of wetland markedly increased in the middle reaches of the Heihe River. The areas of core wetlands reduced by 12.8% and the areas of perforated, edge and patch wetlands increased by 0.8%, 3.1% and 8.9%, respectively. The process of wetland fragmentation in the research region showed the order of core wetland, perforated or edge wetland, patch wetland or non-wetland. The results of this study would provide a reference for the protection, utilization and restoration of limited wetland resources and for the sustainable development of the regional eco-environment in the Heihe River Basin.展开更多
Remote sense image interpretation and on-the-spot verifi cation were applied to investigate wetland resources in Lincang City. The investigation shows that wetland area in the city totals 29,102.61 hm^2, including nat...Remote sense image interpretation and on-the-spot verifi cation were applied to investigate wetland resources in Lincang City. The investigation shows that wetland area in the city totals 29,102.61 hm^2, including natural wetland 12,949.86 hm^2, artifi cial wetland 16,152.75 hm^2. Characteristics of the wetland resources in the city are concluded as "diversifi ed wetland types, small wetland area, high proportion of artifi cial wetland, and significant ecological niche. This paper pointed out problems in the wetland protection, such as aggravated pollution of wetland environment, invasion of alien species, and biocenosis changed by hydropower engineering, then gave corresponding protection countermeasures.展开更多
In the western Songnen Plain in China, the alkalization degree of water bodies is high in the limnic wetlands. Generally, pH is above 8.0, and the hydrochemical types belong to HCO32--Na＋ . Through analysis on the ba...In the western Songnen Plain in China, the alkalization degree of water bodies is high in the limnic wetlands. Generally, pH is above 8.0, and the hydrochemical types belong to HCO32--Na＋ . Through analysis on the basic saline variables such as CO32-, HCO32-, Cl-, Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ , SO42-, Na＋ etc. and the composed variables such as （ Cl-＋ SO42-） / HCO32-and Na＋ /（ Ca2＋ ＋ Mg2＋ ） , the relationships between different variables were found, and the discriminant function and critical region map based on the pH value are obtained, and the function could be applied as one of the significant study methods on the investigation of saline-alkaline water-body. The relative analysis shows that the correlations are different among different salt variables, and some of them reaches significant level (α =0.01). Specially, in the western Songnen Plain, the lithofacies material of soil is mainly formed by the weathering of basalt and granite, and they are deposited inside the plain through running water transportation, so the NaAlO2, Na2SiO3 and NaHSiO3 in them can react with water and carbonate to form soda, which leads to the high correlations between Na＋ and CO32-, HCO32-, Cl-, SO42-, and the correlation between Na＋ and Na＋ /（ Ca2＋ ＋ Mg2＋ ） is the highest. Moreover, because of high evaporation, the salts that are in the groundwater is congregated on the earth’s surface, the dissoluble salts (Cl-,SO42-) turn into lake, which accounts for the reason for the high correlation between Cl-and SO42-.展开更多
In western Songnen Plain of China, the saline-alkaline degree of water bodies is high in salt marsh wetlands. Generally, pH is above 8.0, and the hydrochemical types belong to HCO32--Na+. Through analysis on the basic...In western Songnen Plain of China, the saline-alkaline degree of water bodies is high in salt marsh wetlands. Generally, pH is above 8.0, and the hydrochemical types belong to HCO32--Na+. Through analysis on the basic saline variables such as CO32-, HCO32-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, Na+, and the derivative variables such as SAR, SDR, RSC, SSP, the relationships between different variables are found, and the discriminant equations are established to identify different saline-alkaline water bodies by using principal component analysis.展开更多
Yunnan has various and rich wetland resources because of the special geographical environment. In recent years,Yunnan has made great achievement in the management,protection and development of the wetland resources,bu...Yunnan has various and rich wetland resources because of the special geographical environment. In recent years,Yunnan has made great achievement in the management,protection and development of the wetland resources,but many problems still exist. Based on the threats,this paper puts forward the protection and use measures for the wetland resources in Yunnan by analyzing and studying the wetland resources as well as types and basic features.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the important B items of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZ951-B1-201).
文摘ABSTRACT: According to preliminary statistics, there are 9. 4 ×106ha of mire, 8. 0 × 106ha of lake, 2. 1 × 106ha of salt marsh, 2.1 × 107ha of shallow sea (0 - 5m), and 3. 8 × 107ha of paddyfield, their total area amounts to 8. 45× 107ha. Wetland consists of natural wetland system and man-made wetland system. According to hydrology, landform, soil and vegetation etc., natural wetland can be divided into the following types: marine, esturine, riverine, lacustrine, palustrine subsystems. On the basis of the wetland bottom compound, waterlogged state and vegetation forms, it can be subdivided into 26 wetland classes. Man-made wetland can be subdivided into 4 wetland classes. Wetland is a unique landscape in the earth and one of the most important living environment with rich resources and many functions. At present, 262 different types of Wetland Natural Reserves have been established in China, in which 7 Wetland Nature Reserves have been listed in international important wetlands of The Wetland
文摘Wetland is the transitional zone between the permanently wet and dry environment and shares the charac-teristics of the environment. Wetland is not yet to be classified unambiguously as either aquatic or terrestrial. However,the Ramsar Convention adopts an extremely broad approach in determining the wetland; as a result, several varieties ofhabitat types are included under the wetland definition. Wetlands are among the world’s most productive ecosystems andprovide a wide variety of goods and services. Nepal lies on the southern slopes of central Himalayas and occupies a totalarea of 147 181 km2between the latitudes 26°22′N and 30°27′N and the longitudes 80°40′E and 88°12′E. The di-verse landscape (60 -8 848 m) and bioclimatic conditions (alpine to tropical) of the country provide a unique niche fordifferent types of wetlands. These are distributed from high altitudinal glacial lakes to hot springs, ponds, ox-bowlakesto river floodplains, marshes and swamps. The country has 15 types of inland freshwater natural wetlands as classified bythe Ramsar Convention. These wetlands house several species of rare and endangered flora and fauna. The present paperattempts to highlight the various types of wetlands in Nepal with associate vegetation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41261047, 41201196, 41271133)the Youth Teacher Scientific Capability Promoting Project of Northwest Normal University (NWNU-LKQN-11-11)
文摘The quantitative research of wetland landscape fragmentation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River is important for the wetland and oasis sustainable development in the Hexi Corridor. Based on the data of remote sensing and GIS, we constructed the type change tracker model with sliding window technique and spatially morphological rule. The suitable scale and optimum scale of the fragmentation model of wetland landscape in the middle reaches of the Heihe River were determined by the area frequency statistics method, Chi-square distribution normalized scale variance, fractal dimension and diversity index. By integrating type change tracker model and the optimum scale with GIS spatial analysis, the spatial distribution characteristics of wetland landscape fragmentation in different periods and the related spatial-temporal change process were clarified. The results showed that(1) the type change tracker model, which analyzes the spatial pattern of wetland fragmentation on the pixel level, is better than the traditional wetland fragmentation analysis on the landscape and patch levels;(2) The suitable scale for the wetland fragmentation ranged from 150 m×150 m to 450 m×450 m and the optimum scale was 250 m×250 m in the middle reaches of the Heihe River; and(3) In the past 35 years, the total wetland area decreased by 23.2% and the fragmentation of wetland markedly increased in the middle reaches of the Heihe River. The areas of core wetlands reduced by 12.8% and the areas of perforated, edge and patch wetlands increased by 0.8%, 3.1% and 8.9%, respectively. The process of wetland fragmentation in the research region showed the order of core wetland, perforated or edge wetland, patch wetland or non-wetland. The results of this study would provide a reference for the protection, utilization and restoration of limited wetland resources and for the sustainable development of the regional eco-environment in the Heihe River Basin.
文摘Remote sense image interpretation and on-the-spot verifi cation were applied to investigate wetland resources in Lincang City. The investigation shows that wetland area in the city totals 29,102.61 hm^2, including natural wetland 12,949.86 hm^2, artifi cial wetland 16,152.75 hm^2. Characteristics of the wetland resources in the city are concluded as "diversifi ed wetland types, small wetland area, high proportion of artifi cial wetland, and significant ecological niche. This paper pointed out problems in the wetland protection, such as aggravated pollution of wetland environment, invasion of alien species, and biocenosis changed by hydropower engineering, then gave corresponding protection countermeasures.
基金Under the auspices of the Limnic Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences!(zkhz-2-3).
文摘In the western Songnen Plain in China, the alkalization degree of water bodies is high in the limnic wetlands. Generally, pH is above 8.0, and the hydrochemical types belong to HCO32--Na＋ . Through analysis on the basic saline variables such as CO32-, HCO32-, Cl-, Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ , SO42-, Na＋ etc. and the composed variables such as （ Cl-＋ SO42-） / HCO32-and Na＋ /（ Ca2＋ ＋ Mg2＋ ） , the relationships between different variables were found, and the discriminant function and critical region map based on the pH value are obtained, and the function could be applied as one of the significant study methods on the investigation of saline-alkaline water-body. The relative analysis shows that the correlations are different among different salt variables, and some of them reaches significant level (α =0.01). Specially, in the western Songnen Plain, the lithofacies material of soil is mainly formed by the weathering of basalt and granite, and they are deposited inside the plain through running water transportation, so the NaAlO2, Na2SiO3 and NaHSiO3 in them can react with water and carbonate to form soda, which leads to the high correlations between Na＋ and CO32-, HCO32-, Cl-, SO42-, and the correlation between Na＋ and Na＋ /（ Ca2＋ ＋ Mg2＋ ） is the highest. Moreover, because of high evaporation, the salts that are in the groundwater is congregated on the earth’s surface, the dissoluble salts (Cl-,SO42-) turn into lake, which accounts for the reason for the high correlation between Cl-and SO42-.
基金Project of the Limnic Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, ZKHZ-2-3
文摘In western Songnen Plain of China, the saline-alkaline degree of water bodies is high in salt marsh wetlands. Generally, pH is above 8.0, and the hydrochemical types belong to HCO32--Na+. Through analysis on the basic saline variables such as CO32-, HCO32-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, Na+, and the derivative variables such as SAR, SDR, RSC, SSP, the relationships between different variables are found, and the discriminant equations are established to identify different saline-alkaline water bodies by using principal component analysis.
文摘Yunnan has various and rich wetland resources because of the special geographical environment. In recent years,Yunnan has made great achievement in the management,protection and development of the wetland resources,but many problems still exist. Based on the threats,this paper puts forward the protection and use measures for the wetland resources in Yunnan by analyzing and studying the wetland resources as well as types and basic features.
