Development and characterization of a novel common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line with stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance

Rye(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German cultivated rye variety Petkus is critical in wheat breeding. However, its weakened disease resistance highlights the need to identify new resources. In the present study, a novel derived line called D27 was developed from common wheat and Mexico Rye.Cytological observations characterized the karyotype of D27 as 2n=42=21 Ⅱ. Genomic in situ hybridization indicated that a pair of whole-arm translocated Mexico Rye chromosomes were inherited typically in the mitotic and meiosis stages of D27. Experiments using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and gliadin electrophoresis showed that D27 lacked wheat 1DS chromosomes. They were replaced by 1RS chromosomes of Mexico Rye, supported by wheat simple-sequence repeat markers, rye sequence characterized amplified region markers, and wheat 40K SNP array analysis.The wheat 1DS chromosomes could not be detected by molecular markers and wheat SNP array, but the presence of rye 1RS chromosomes was confirmed. Agronomic trait assessments indicated that D27 had a higher tiller number and enhanced stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance. In addition, dough properties analysis showed that replacing 1DS led to higher viscosity and lower dough elasticity in D27, which was beneficial for cake making. In conclusion, the novel cytogenetically stable common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line D27 offers excellent potential as outstanding germplasm in wheat breeding programs focusing on disease resistance and yield improvement. Additionally,it can be valuable for researching the rye 1RS chromosome’s genetic diversity.

Molecular cytogenetic analyses of two new wheat-rye 6RL translocation lines with resistance to wheat powdery mildew

Rye(Secale cereale)is a valuable gene donor for wheat improvement,especially for its resistance to diseases.Developing rye-derived resistance sources is important for wheat breeding.In the present study,two wheat-rye derivatives,designated JS016 and JS110,were produced by crossing common wheat cultivar Yangmai 23 with Pakistani rye accession W2A.Using sequential genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization(mc-FISH),JS016 and JS110 were identified as a T6BS.6RL translocation line and a T6BS.6BL6RL translocation line,respectively.Ten newly 6RL chromosome arm-specific markers were developed and used to confirm the 6RL translocation.The wheat 55K single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array further verified the molecular cytogenetic identification results above and clarified their breakpoints at 430.9 and 523.0 Mb of chromosome 6B in JS016 and JS110,respectively.Resistance spectrum and allelism test demonstrated that JS016 and JS110 possessed novel powdery mildew resistance gene(s)that was derived from the 6RL translocation but differed from Pm20.Moreover,JS016 and JS110 had better agronomic traits than the previously reported 6RL translocation line carrying Pm20.To efficiently transfer and detect the 6RL translocation from JS016 and JS110,one 6RL-specific Kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP)marker was developed and validated in high throughput marker-assisted selection(MAS).

Development and characterization of wheat–Aegilops kotschyi 1U^(k)(1A)substitution line with positive dough quality parameters

Exploring novel high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GSs)from wild related species is a strategy to improve wheat processing quality.The objective of the present investigation was to identify the chromosomes of the wheatalien introgression line N124,derived from the hybridization between Triticum aestivum with Aegilops kotschyi,and characterize the effects on quality-related traits.Fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotypes showed that N124 is a disomic 1U^(k)(1A)substitution line.Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and reversedphase high-performance liquid chromatography verified N124 expressed two HMW-GSs of the Ae.kotschyi parent.PacBio RNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the two HMW-GSs were U^(k)x and U^(k)y.Compared to the wheat parent,the substitution line had no obvious agronomic defects except fewer grains per spike but improved several major quality parameters.It can be served as a donor or bridge material for wheat quality improvement.

Effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit deletion on soft wheat quality properties and sugar-snap cookie quality estimated through near-isogenic lines

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GSs） play a critical role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough. The HMW-GSs are encoded by Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci on the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D, respectively. In the present study, four near-isogenic lines with different HMW-GS deletions and compositions at the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci in Yangmai 18 background were used for quality analysis. Deletion in Glu-D1 showed much weaker gluten quality and dough strength than null Glu-A1 genotype and wild genotype（WT）, based on the measurements of sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS）-sedimentation, lactic acid solvent retention capacity（SRC）, gluten index, development time, stability time, and alveograph P and L values. The deletion of Glu-D1 did not significantly affect grain hardness, grain protein content, water SRC, sodium carbonate SRC, and sucrose SRC. Double null genotype in Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 and single null genotype in Glu-D1 showed significantly higher cookie diameter, crispness, and lower cookie height compared with single null genotype in Glu-A1 and WT. These indicate that the null Glu-D1 genotype is useful for improvement of biscuit quality, and use of this germplasm would be a viable strategy to develop new wheat varieties for biscuit processing.

Development and genetic analysis of wheat double substitution lines carrying Hordeum vulgare 2H and Thinopyrum intermedium 2Ai#2 chromosomes

Thinopyrum intermedium and barley are two close relatives of wheat and carry many genes that are potentially valuable for the improvement of various wheat traits. In this study we created wheat double substitution lines by hybridizing different wheat–Th. intermedium and wheat–barley disomic alien substitution lines, with the aim of using genes in Th. intermedium and barley for wheat breeding and investigating the genetic behavior of alien chromosomes and their wheat homoeologs. As expected, we obtained two types of wheat double substitution lines,2D2Ai#2(2B)2H( A) and 2A2 Ai#2(2B)2H(2D), in which different group 2 wheat chromosomes were replaced by barley chromosome 2 H and Th. intermedium chromosome 2Ai#2. The new materials were characterized using molecular markers, genomic in situ hybridization(GISH), and fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH). GISH and FISH experiments revealed that the double substitution lines harbor 42 chromosomes including 38 wheat chromosomes, a pair of barley chromosomes, and a pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes. Analysis using specific DNA markers showed that two pairs of wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes in the new lines were substituted by a pair of 2H and a pair of 2Ai#2 chromosomes. Chromosome 2H showed a higher transmission rate than 2Ai#2, and both chromosomes were preferentially transmitted between generations via female gametes. Evaluation of botanic and agronomic traits demonstrated that,compared with their parents, the new lines showed similar growth habits and plant type but differences in plant height, flowering date, and self-fertility. Cytological observations using different probes suggested that the double substitution lines showed nearly normal genetic behavior before and during meiosis. The novel substitution lines can potentially be used in wheat meiosis research and breeding programs.

Identification of AFLP Markers Linked to Leaf Rust Resistance Genes Using Near Isogenic Lines of Wheat

The present investigation was undertaken to find molecular markers linked to leaf rust resistance genes, Lr9 and Kharchia local mutant KLM4-3B. Preliminary AFLP analysis was carried out with different stocks, a survey of primer combinations with different selective nucleotide indicated that for each primer combination, the number of scorable loci ranged from 34 to 123. Only a limited primer combination used in the set of parental and near isogenic lines showed a high level of polymorphism for AFLP marker. Putative AFLP marker were found to be linked to Lr9, Lr19 and KLM4-3B. The alien genes were readily identified.

Introgression of chromosome 6PL terminal segment from Agropyron cristatum to increase both grain number and grain weight in wheat

Agropyron cristatum(2n=4x=28,PPPP),which harbours many high-yield and disease-resistance genes,is a promising donor for wheat improvement.Narrow genetic diversity and the trade-off between grain weight and grain number have become bottlenecks for increasing grain yield in wheat.In this study,a novel translocation line,WAT650l,was derived from the chromosome 6P addition line 4844–12,which can simultaneously increase both grain number per spike(GNS)and thousand-grain weight(TGW).Cytological analysis and molecular marker analysis revealed that WAT650l was a 5BL.5BS-6PL(bin 12–17)translocation line.Assessment of agronomic traits and analysis of the BC4F2 and BC5F2 populations suggested that the 6PL terminal chromosome segment in WAT650l resulted in increased grain number per spike(average increased by 14.07 grains),thousand-grain weight(average increased by 4.31 g),flag leaf length,plant height,spikelet number per spike and kernel number per spikelet during the two growing seasons of 2020–2021 and 2021–2022.Additionally,the increased GNS locus and high-TGW locus of WAT650l were mapped to the bins 16–17 and 12–13,respectively,on chromosome 6PL by genetic population analysis of three translocation lines.In summary,we provide a valuable germplasm resource for broadening the genetic base of wheat and overcoming the negative relationship between GNS and TGW in wheat breeding.

A genetic evidence of chromosomal fragment from bridge parent existing in substitution lines between two common wheat varieties

Locating of important agronomic genes onto chromosome is helpful for efficient development of new wheat varieties. Wheat chromosome substitution lines between two varieties have been widely used for locating genes because of their distinctive advantages in genetic analysis, compared with the aneuploid genetic materials. Apart from the substituted chromosome, the other chromosomes between the substitution lines and their recipient parent should be identical, which eases the gene locating practice. In this study, a set of chromosome substitution lines with cv. Wichita （WI） as the recipient parent and cv. Cheyenne （CNN） as the donor parent were studied for the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） as well as a range of agronomic important traits. Results revealed that the substitution lines of WI（CNN5D）, WI（CNN6A） and WI（CNN7B） had higher plant heights than the two parents of WI and CNN, and WI（CNN3D） had later maturity than the parents. By sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） analysis, a substitution line WI（CNN5B） was found to contain different HMW-GS patterns from its two parents, in which 1 By9 was replaced by 1 By8 on chromosome 1BL. Simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis confirmed that the variation on 1BL in WI（CNN5B） was originated from Chinese Spring （CS）. It is concluded that chromosomal fragments from bridge material and donor parent were quite often retained in intracultivaral chromosome substitution lines except the substituting chromosomes.

Characterization of Newly Developed Wheat/Barley Introgression Lines in Respect of Aluminium Tolerance

The Al tolerance of newly developed wheat/barley disomic addition, substitution and translocation lines carry chromosomes of three different barley cultivars was evaluated by comparing the root growth in solution containing 75 μM AlCl3 at pH 4.0 to that of known Al-tolerant and sensitive wheat genotypes. The wheat Asakaze komugi, barley Manas cultivars and their hybrid derivatives were found to have high levels of Al tolerance. The wheat line Mv9kr1, barley cultivar Igri and progenies of the hybrids were sensitive to Al. In most cases, the Al tolerance of the wheat/barley introgression lines derived from Al-sensitive wheat Mv9kr1 and barley Betzes with moderate Al tolerance was similar to that of the wheat parents, but the 2DS.2DL-1HS translocation line of Mv9kr1/Betzes exhibited more intensive root growth, while accumulating less Al than the parental lines. This indicates that either the lack of the distal part of chromosome 2DL or the presence of the distal part of 1HS improved the Al tolerance level.

小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率研究

为了解小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086的育性恢复状况,评估恢复系人工定向改良对其恢复能力的效果,在不育生态区对以55份定向改良的恢复系和33份非改良恢复系(常规小麦)为父本配制的杂种一代的结实率进行了分析。结果表明,BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率变化范围为15.42%~140.34%和20.28%~119.07%(国际法),平均结实率分别为73.02%和72.21%,二者差异不显著,说明2份母本的育性恢复能力差异不显著。BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率主要分布于40%~110%和60%~100%间,BS1086杂种一代结实率分布更为集中。BS366和BS1086与改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为84.45%和78.97%,与非改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为53.97%和60.95%,改良父本的平均恢复力高于非改良父本,表明定向改良有利于提高恢复系的恢复力。BS366和BS1086与相同父本的杂种一代结实率差异在-41.66%~61.93%之间,表明相同父本对不同母本的育性恢复力存在差异。BS366和BS1086与相同改良父本的杂种一代中有61.82%的结实率差异分布于-10%~20%之间,与相同非改良父本的杂种一代中有51.52%的结实率差异在-30%~0%之间,表明同一改良父本对不同母本的育性恢复力差异小于非改良父本。BS366与14份父本、BS1086与7份父本的杂种一代结实率高于对照,其中父本14YH261、14YH551、SD036与2份母本杂种一代的结实率均高于对照,说明具有可用恢复力的父本不仅数量极少,而且对不同母本的恢复力存在较大差异。杂种一代主茎穗的平均结实率极显著大于分蘖穗。因此,建议对不同母本分别开展强恢复力的恢复系筛选,并以中选强恢复系为亲本进行定向改良,有效增加杂种一代结实率达对照水平的组合数量,为获得更多强优势杂交组合奠定基础。

新疆冬麦区AL型三系杂交小麦亲本配合力、杂种优势和聚类分析

为了解新疆AL型三系杂交小麦亲本间配合力及其杂种优势关系,利用稳定不育系8份,恢复力强的恢复系9份,按照NCⅡ不完全双列杂交(8×9)设计配制72个F 1杂交组合,对亲本及杂交组合的7个农艺性状进行配合力效应和杂种优势分析,再根据亲本性状和一般配合力划分杂种优势类群。结果表明,三系小麦杂交组合中普遍存在产量和产量性状杂种优势,针对强优势组合的亲本选择,双亲之一一般配合力(GCA)或双亲GCA之和为正值且相对较大;相关性分析表明,中亲优势与父本和母本GCA值之和呈极显著正相关,父本和母本的GCA相关性大于特殊配合力(SCA)相关性。针对6个性状的GCA效应值和性状表型值分别进行聚类分析表明,配合力距离远的亲本组配可能出现强优势杂交组合的几率较大,性状表型值距离较远的两个亲本同一性状之间的优势互补也可以在后代中表现出较强的杂种优势。将17个亲本划分为4个和5个类群,为后续AL型杂交小麦强优势杂交组合的配制提供了依据。

安农1687抗条锈病候选基因TraesCS2A01G070700鉴定与分析

为了探索安农1687对于条锈病抗性的遗传机理,加快安农1687小麦品种的推广,为小麦新品种的遗传改良提供参考,减少小麦条锈病对于我国小麦生产安全的危害。以安农1687(安农1687是由安农1106和西农822杂交选育的,对生理小种CYR32具有抗性的半冬性小麦品种)及其姊妹系和亲本为材料,利用小麦55K SNP芯片对安农1687及其双亲和姊妹系进行全基因组扫描,同时利用生理小种CYR32对安农1687及其姊妹系进行接种和鉴定,并在成株期统计其抗条锈病等级,综合接种及田间表型对小麦品系抗条锈病进行评价。鉴定结果显示,安农1687和5个姊妹系(系24、系26、系28、系30、系140)为中抗条锈病,2个姊妹系(系89和系105)为中感条锈病。利用安农1687及其姊妹系间的基因组差异信息,发现差异SNP位点富集在2A染色体短臂的31~37 Mb区间上,说明2A染色体可能存在某个或某些基因导致了这样的结果。为了排除其他抗条锈病基因的干扰,对亲本及2A染色体上携带的已知抗条锈病基因进行验证,结果表明,安农1687的2A染色体短臂的31~37 Mb区间可能存在一个新抗条锈病基因。通过试验和生物信息学分析发现,该区段内的TraesCS2A01G070700基因在抗感品系的NBS结构域上存在差异,感病品系中NBS结构域有3个错义突变,推测TraesCS2A01G070700为安农1687抗条锈病候选基因。

春小麦重组自交系品质性状与产量、生理性状相关性分析

以‘宁春4号’与‘宁春27号’为亲本杂交构建重组自交系的128份家系为材料,测定该群体的产量、叶面积指数、碳同位素分辨率、面筋含量等20个性状,分析各性状间的相关性。结果表明,该群体有丰富的变异类型,各性状离散程度较大,存在较大程度的超亲遗传。相关性分析表明生理性状与品质性状间有较强相关性,冠层温度、碳同位素分辨率对品质与产量性状影响较大;产量性状与品质性状大都呈正相关。以差异极显著的20个性状进行主成分分析,选取特征向量累积贡献率达87%的性状,分别是沉降值、稳定时间、湿面筋含量、硬度指数、粗蛋白含量、不实小穗数、穗粒数、吸水率、株高、结实小穗数、冠层温度、千粒质量与碳同位素分辨率;基于各性状聚类共分为9个类群,第九类群材料高产优质且农艺水分利用效率较高,为今后育种工作提供重要材料。

Puroindolineb位点近等基因系对小麦面粉及面包和馒头品质的影响

明确不同硬度等位基因与加工品质的关系对小麦品质改良具有重要意义。本文以7个Puroindoline b位点近等基因系为材料,研究了不同硬度等位基因对小麦面粉及面包和馒头品质的影响。结果表明,Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的籽粒硬度值、蛋白质含量以及破损淀粉含量较高;而Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d基因型的出粉率、面粉亮度较高,具有较好的磨粉品质。和面仪参数中的峰高、峰宽和8min尾高均以Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型数值最高,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d基因型最低,且两者之间的差异均达到显著水平;Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的衰落角最小。Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1c和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d基因型具有较高馒头色泽和张弛性评分,较好的馒头制作品质;Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1e和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1g基因型次之。Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1f基因型的面包总评分略优于其他基因型。

济麦44/济麦229重组自交系群体籽粒蛋白质含量QTL分析

小麦籽粒蛋白质含量与面团流变学特性及加工特性的关系密不可分。本研究在2020—2021年济南试验基地(E1)及2021—2022年济南试验基地(E2)和济阳试验基地(E3)三个环境下,以“济麦44×济麦229”构建的包含285个家系的重组自交系群体(F2∶6RILs)为材料,利用小麦55K SNP芯片构建高密度遗传连锁图谱,对籽粒蛋白质含量进行QTL分析。结果共筛选到2344个SNP标记用于构建遗传连锁图谱,图谱总长度3349.95 cM,平均标记密度为1.43 cM/标记。通过对籽粒蛋白质含量的QTL分析,共检测到18个籽粒蛋白质含量相关QTL,分布在1A、1B、2B、3D、4B、4D、5A、5B、5D、7A、7B共11条染色体上。Qpc.saas.4B-1在E1、E2和E3三个环境和BLUE(最佳线性无偏估计)值中均被稳定检测到,可以解释3.26%~23.79%的表型变异。Qpc.saas.4D和Qpc.saas.5A在两个环境和BLUE值中被检测到,分别解释2.42%~11.18%和2.48%~5.47%的表型变异,且Qpc.saas.4D与小麦矮秆基因Rht-D1b物理位置重合。本研究中检测到的QTL新位点Qpc.saas.4B-1、Qpc.saas.4D和Qpc.saas.5A是控制籽粒蛋白质含量的主效基因,具有高表型变异解释率。本研究结果可为小麦品质育种提供分子标记及理论参考。

Puroindoline b位点近等基因系对小麦籽粒淀粉含量和组分及其特性的影响

为了研究不同硬度等位基因与小麦籽粒淀粉组分含量及特性的关系,为小麦品质改良提供依据,以7个硬度Puroindoline b位点近等基因系为试材,研究了不同硬度基因型对小麦籽粒淀粉组分含量及特性的影响。结果表明,Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的籽粒硬度值、支链淀粉含量最高;Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的淀粉溶解度最高,而Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d溶解度最低,两者差异达显著水平;不同基因型之间籽粒淀粉酶解力没有显著差异;冻融失水率以基因型Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b最低,表明Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b基因型冻融稳定性最好,可能较适宜冷冻食品的制作;对于抗性淀粉,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b基因型的抗性淀粉含量最高、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d最低,表明Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b基因型有助于籽粒中抗性淀粉含量的提高。

野生二粒小麦和普通小麦及其渐渗系全麦与脱麸面粉蛋白分析

为了解野生二粒小麦籽粒蛋白特性对普通小麦全麦面粉和脱麸面粉的改良价值,以高产弱筋小麦品种川农16(CN16)为母本,分别与籽粒蛋白含量存在显著差异的四倍体野生二粒小麦D1和D97进行远缘杂交,按高产性状定向选择并连续自交获得稳定高世代渐渗系共61份,本研究对61份渐渗系、7份野生二粒小麦和6份普通小麦进行了全麦和脱麸面粉粗蛋白质含量及其各蛋白组分含量分析、比较。结果显示,野生二粒小麦的籽粒粗蛋白(GPC)及其清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量均较普通小麦具有更丰富的遗传多样性,各蛋白组分含量均显著高于普通小麦。61份渐渗系中,分别有54.10%和52.46%的材料全麦面粉和脱麸面粉的粗蛋白含量显著高于母本CN16,全麦和脱麸面粉蛋白质含量最高达17.77%和17.62%,较CN16分别提高了5.05和5.33个百分点;全麦和脱麸面粉的清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白分别有18.03%和32.79%、50.82%和62.30%、67.21%和77.05%、37.70%和81.97%的株系高于母本CN16。全麦和脱麸面粉的粗蛋白含量与醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量间、贮藏蛋白的各组分间、可溶性与不可溶性谷蛋白含量间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此,通过远缘杂交能有效地将野生二粒小麦高蛋白含量特性转移到普通小麦中,并能提高普通小麦的所有贮藏蛋白组分含量,对丰富小麦蛋白含量的遗传多样性具有重要意义。

K型小麦保持系遗传多样性的系统聚类分析

为了给K型小麦雄性不育系、保持系的选育及杂种组合选配提供依据,对25份K型小麦保持系品种的7个主要农艺性状进行了遗传多样性、相关性和聚类分析。结果表明,25份K型小麦保持系品种的7个主要农艺性状都表现出较大的变异性,变异系数从低到高依次为株高(7.12%)、千粒质量(7.49%)、每穗粒数(9.12%)、穗长(9.61%)、单株粒数(16.69%)、单株穗数(18.37%)、单株粒质量(20.61%)。相关性分析结果表明,3对性状达到了极显著正相关,分别为单株粒数与单株粒质量(相关系数r=0.732)、单株穗数与单株粒数(r=0.577)、单株粒质量与单株穗数(r=0.522);4对性状呈显著正相关,分别是千粒质量与单株粒质量(r=0.371)、穗长与每穗粒数(r=0.278)、株高与穗长(r=0.269)、穗长与单株粒数(r=0.211);2对性状呈显著负相关,分别为株高与每穗粒数(r=-0.214)、每穗粒数与单株穗数(r=-0.399)。聚类分析结果显示,25份K型小麦保持系品种的遗传距离变化范围为1.15~26.25。在遗传距离12.50处,将供试品种划分为5个类群:Ⅰ类群共有17个品种,第Ⅰ类群在遗传距离7.50处,分为3个亚类;第Ⅱ类群有1个品种,为石H09-7075,单株粒质量为8.59 g,低于其他类群;第Ⅲ类群1个品种为浚2016,株高为50.67 cm,低于其他类群;第Ⅳ类群5个品种,包括衡4568、山农0911、周麦16等,单株穗数为9.27个,多于其他类群;第Ⅴ类群为衡5011,株高为70.52 cm,高于其他类群。

小麦耐盐种质筛选及栽培调控技术研究进展

小麦耐盐种质筛选及配套栽培调控技术研究是小麦耐盐品种选育、盐碱地小麦减损稳产的前提。本文简介了小麦耐盐种质筛选流程、耐盐性评价指标与方法,重点总结了山东、河北、新疆和江苏4省的耐盐小麦品种(系)概况以及抗盐相关栽培调控技术研究进展,提出了研究存在筛选方法不统一、盐碱地实地筛选研究缺乏和栽培调控技术不系统等问题,建议统一室内筛选方法、利用室外盐池和盐碱地开展耐盐种质筛选及配套抗盐栽培调控技术研发,并基于多组学技术从遗传学和生理学角度系统探究小麦耐盐种质的耐盐机理以及栽培调控原理。