Influences of enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV B,280-315nm) on accumulation and cycling of Mg and Zn of wheat field ecosystem were investigated under field conditions.UV B radiation increased concentrations of Mg an...Influences of enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV B,280-315nm) on accumulation and cycling of Mg and Zn of wheat field ecosystem were investigated under field conditions.UV B radiation increased concentrations of Mg and Zn in leaves and stems,and affected concentrations of Mg and Zn in roots and spikes at various developmental stages significantly.The responses of accumulation of Mg and Zn in leaves to UV B radiation were different among developmental stages.Accumulation of Zn in stems were higher than control under 2.54 and 4.25 kJ.m -2 UV B radiation,and lower than control under 5.31 kJ.m -2 UV B radiation.At various developmental stages,UV B radiation significantly reduced accumulation of Mg in stems,roots and spikes,and accumulation of Zn in roots and spikes.UV B radiation significantly decreased accumulation of Mg and Zn in whole plants at various developmental stages.The contribution of biomass to the accumulation of Mg and Zn might be more than that of the concentrations of Mg and Zn.UV B radiation reduced output of Mg and Zn of spring wheat colonies.This might indicate decreases in output input ratio and cycling function of Mg and Zn in wheat field ecosystem.Increases in concentrations of exchangeable Mg and available Zn in soil were the results of decreases in output of Mg and Zn of spring wheat colonies. It might lead to the occurrence of higher storage of Mg and Zn in soil.展开更多
应用静态箱/气相色谱法对旱地小麦-玉米轮作田和种菜历史超过20a的菜地进行了N2O排放的定位观测,分析了旱地和菜地生态系统N2O排放特征的差异,及施氮、土壤温度、土壤湿度和作物参与对两种农田系统N2O排放的不同影响。结果表明,不施氮...应用静态箱/气相色谱法对旱地小麦-玉米轮作田和种菜历史超过20a的菜地进行了N2O排放的定位观测,分析了旱地和菜地生态系统N2O排放特征的差异,及施氮、土壤温度、土壤湿度和作物参与对两种农田系统N2O排放的不同影响。结果表明,不施氮情况下,旱地和菜地N2O排放通量分别为17.8±5.6和50.7±13.3μg m-2h-1,菜地N2O排放通量是旱地农田的3.1倍。在施氮(N 150 kg hm-2)情况下,菜地N2O排放系数较旱地高39.0%。粮食作物参与和蔬菜作物参与对增加各自农田生态系统N2O排放量的贡献无明显差异。旱地和菜地不同作物季N2O排放量的差异主要是由于作物生育期长短不同造成单位时间施肥强度存在差异。所以,根据作物生育期特点调节施肥量可能会减少农田生态系统N2O排放量,并且由于菜地各蔬菜生育期长短的差异更大,因此,菜地若能实现精量施肥,其N2O减排的潜力可能大于旱地农田。展开更多
农田生态系统碳足迹分析有利于找出问题,为低碳农业提供支撑。本文基于碳足迹全循环指标系统,以山东省泰安、滕州、龙口三地的中高产田为例,研究了耕作方式对中高产田耗碳足迹、固碳足迹、净耗碳(△GHG)、单位产值碳足迹(CFv)及单位产...农田生态系统碳足迹分析有利于找出问题,为低碳农业提供支撑。本文基于碳足迹全循环指标系统,以山东省泰安、滕州、龙口三地的中高产田为例,研究了耕作方式对中高产田耗碳足迹、固碳足迹、净耗碳(△GHG)、单位产值碳足迹(CFv)及单位产量碳足迹(CFy)的影响。结果表明:农田生态系统耗碳足迹中,化合物耗碳中N肥和土壤N_2O耗碳占了79.69%~92.53%,其中仅N肥就占了53.82%~62.49%;机电油耗碳的80%以上是灌溉、耕作、播种和收获产生的;有机耗碳中98.83%以上是秸秆耗碳。农田生态系统中主要是籽粒与秸秆固碳,籽粒固碳占总固碳的39.05%~52.64%;滕州的总固碳比其他两个城市高出196.3~7 801.5 kg CO_2/hm^2(旋耕除外);三地农田生态系统的ΔGHG值在-3 524.7^-8 774.3 kg CO_2/hm^2,均表现为碳汇;夏玉米季的净固碳高于冬小麦季;翻耕的净固碳量明显高于旋耕和耙耕。在冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟条件下,夏玉米的CFv和CFy均显著高于冬小麦;CFv和CFy均表现为冬小麦翻耕-夏玉米免耕>冬小麦旋耕-夏玉米免耕>冬小麦耙耕-夏玉米免耕;地区间的CFv和CFy规律性不明显。因此,提高农业机械作业效率、减少机电油耗,提高氮肥和水分利用效率,建立合适的土壤耕作制度,提高作物产量,是山东省提高净固碳能力的重要突破方向。同时,继续挖掘夏玉米的固碳潜力、提高冬小麦的固碳能力,是作物育种与栽培应该重点解决的问题。展开更多
文摘Influences of enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV B,280-315nm) on accumulation and cycling of Mg and Zn of wheat field ecosystem were investigated under field conditions.UV B radiation increased concentrations of Mg and Zn in leaves and stems,and affected concentrations of Mg and Zn in roots and spikes at various developmental stages significantly.The responses of accumulation of Mg and Zn in leaves to UV B radiation were different among developmental stages.Accumulation of Zn in stems were higher than control under 2.54 and 4.25 kJ.m -2 UV B radiation,and lower than control under 5.31 kJ.m -2 UV B radiation.At various developmental stages,UV B radiation significantly reduced accumulation of Mg in stems,roots and spikes,and accumulation of Zn in roots and spikes.UV B radiation significantly decreased accumulation of Mg and Zn in whole plants at various developmental stages.The contribution of biomass to the accumulation of Mg and Zn might be more than that of the concentrations of Mg and Zn.UV B radiation reduced output of Mg and Zn of spring wheat colonies.This might indicate decreases in output input ratio and cycling function of Mg and Zn in wheat field ecosystem.Increases in concentrations of exchangeable Mg and available Zn in soil were the results of decreases in output of Mg and Zn of spring wheat colonies. It might lead to the occurrence of higher storage of Mg and Zn in soil.
文摘应用静态箱/气相色谱法对旱地小麦-玉米轮作田和种菜历史超过20a的菜地进行了N2O排放的定位观测,分析了旱地和菜地生态系统N2O排放特征的差异,及施氮、土壤温度、土壤湿度和作物参与对两种农田系统N2O排放的不同影响。结果表明,不施氮情况下,旱地和菜地N2O排放通量分别为17.8±5.6和50.7±13.3μg m-2h-1,菜地N2O排放通量是旱地农田的3.1倍。在施氮(N 150 kg hm-2)情况下,菜地N2O排放系数较旱地高39.0%。粮食作物参与和蔬菜作物参与对增加各自农田生态系统N2O排放量的贡献无明显差异。旱地和菜地不同作物季N2O排放量的差异主要是由于作物生育期长短不同造成单位时间施肥强度存在差异。所以,根据作物生育期特点调节施肥量可能会减少农田生态系统N2O排放量,并且由于菜地各蔬菜生育期长短的差异更大,因此,菜地若能实现精量施肥,其N2O减排的潜力可能大于旱地农田。
文摘农田生态系统碳足迹分析有利于找出问题,为低碳农业提供支撑。本文基于碳足迹全循环指标系统,以山东省泰安、滕州、龙口三地的中高产田为例,研究了耕作方式对中高产田耗碳足迹、固碳足迹、净耗碳(△GHG)、单位产值碳足迹(CFv)及单位产量碳足迹(CFy)的影响。结果表明:农田生态系统耗碳足迹中,化合物耗碳中N肥和土壤N_2O耗碳占了79.69%~92.53%,其中仅N肥就占了53.82%~62.49%;机电油耗碳的80%以上是灌溉、耕作、播种和收获产生的;有机耗碳中98.83%以上是秸秆耗碳。农田生态系统中主要是籽粒与秸秆固碳,籽粒固碳占总固碳的39.05%~52.64%;滕州的总固碳比其他两个城市高出196.3~7 801.5 kg CO_2/hm^2(旋耕除外);三地农田生态系统的ΔGHG值在-3 524.7^-8 774.3 kg CO_2/hm^2,均表现为碳汇;夏玉米季的净固碳高于冬小麦季;翻耕的净固碳量明显高于旋耕和耙耕。在冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟条件下,夏玉米的CFv和CFy均显著高于冬小麦;CFv和CFy均表现为冬小麦翻耕-夏玉米免耕>冬小麦旋耕-夏玉米免耕>冬小麦耙耕-夏玉米免耕;地区间的CFv和CFy规律性不明显。因此,提高农业机械作业效率、减少机电油耗,提高氮肥和水分利用效率,建立合适的土壤耕作制度,提高作物产量,是山东省提高净固碳能力的重要突破方向。同时,继续挖掘夏玉米的固碳潜力、提高冬小麦的固碳能力,是作物育种与栽培应该重点解决的问题。
