Pastry is an essential part of food stuff people like, especially preferring those made of wheat flour: cakes, biscuits, pancakes, etc. The nutritive value of the products mentioned above is not high. Therefore, there...Pastry is an essential part of food stuff people like, especially preferring those made of wheat flour: cakes, biscuits, pancakes, etc. The nutritive value of the products mentioned above is not high. Therefore, there is a need to increase it by adding something like doum fruit (Hyphaene thebaica L.), which is a widespread in Upper Egypt. Doum fruit is a rich source of fibers and antioxidants, also other valuable substances such as carbohydrates and minerals especially potassium (K for people suffering from blood pressure problems). This investigation was carried out to study the possibility of utilization doum fruit powder in cake production. Five levels of wheat flour substitution were used 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% to produce cake. Also, the effects of blends on farinograph parameters were studied. Results indicated that substitution of doum powder (D.P) led to increase the water absorption (%) and dough weakening (B.U), whereas dough stability (min) was decreased. The water holding capacity of blends increased with increasing the level of substitution. The chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of the prepared cakes were studied. Results showed that increasing the levels of substitution increased the total fat, crude fiber and ash contents in produced cake compared with control. Minerals of the produced cake showed an increment in K and Mg, while slightly increment in Ca, Fe and Zn with increasing the level of substitution. Total phenol and antioxidant activity (AO) increased in substituted cake. Physical attributes of the produced cakes were evaluated and results showed that volume of substituted cakes decreased with increasing the level of replacement except for 10% level it increased. Results of textural analysis showed that D.P fiber decreased all the parameters. Concerning cake color, as the percentage of D.P increased, the color of the cake became darker and had high a and b values. The sensory evaluation results showed an insignificantly decrease in the acceptability by increasing the doum powder substitution comparing with control.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate variation and trends in dough rheological properties and flour quality traits in 330 Chinese wheat varieties. The dough rheological properties of development time(DT), st...The objective of this study was to investigate variation and trends in dough rheological properties and flour quality traits in 330 Chinese wheat varieties. The dough rheological properties of development time(DT), stability time(ST), and farinograph quality number(FQN)were evaluated, as well as the flour quality traits of protein(PC), wet gluten content(WGC), and sedimentation value(SV). The coefficients of variation of DT(40.5%), ST(58.1%), and FQN(42.4%) were higher than those of PC(9.1%), WGC(10.1%), and SV(15.3%). Normal distributions were observed for the flour quality indices but not for the rheological parameters. SV was strongly correlated with the three rheological parameters and accordingly might be used as a primary indicator for dough rheological property evaluation. Our results showed that there has been marked improvement in dough rheological properties for Chinese wheat varieties released since 1986, while flour quality has remained stable.展开更多
Fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are consumed throughout the world and are a vital component of the diet in most Arabian countries. The effect of partial replacement of wheat flour with a 1:1 mixture of wh...Fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are consumed throughout the world and are a vital component of the diet in most Arabian countries. The effect of partial replacement of wheat flour with a 1:1 mixture of wheat bran and date palm fruit powder on rheological properties of the biscuit dough was studied. Levels of mixture used were 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Dough rheology (farinograph, extensograph properties) and biscuit quality (physical properties, colour, sensory evaluation) were assessed. Results obtained indicated that water absorption gradually increased by increasing the levels of wheat bran: palm date powder, meanwhile mixing tolerance index decreased. Dough stability, which indicates the dough strength, also found to decrease by increasing mixture of wheat bran and date powder (1:1). Furthermore, dough development time gradually increased by increasing the mixture at all levels. It was 6.04 min at level of 40% compared to the control (2.5 min). Extensograph results showed that dough energy and dough resistance to extension and proportional number also increased compared with control sample. The proportional number (R/E) ratios increased largely from 3.20 to 5.27 at the level of 40.0%. Ash and fibre contents gradually increased as the mixture levels increased. However, mineral content progressively increased by increasing the level of date powder in the mixture. Incorporation of wheat bran and date powder mixture decreased the spread of the biscuits from 55.66 to 52.82 mm without change in the thickness of the biscuits. Organoleptic properties revealed that quality of biscuits was acceptable at mixture level of 30%.展开更多
为改善小麦加工品质,以新收获小麦为研究对象,对其进行辉光放电冷等离子体处理,研究处理后小麦面粉理化特性、面团流变学特性的变化,进一步分析蛋白质分子质量分布及二级结构。结果表明,两种气源(氧气/氩气)冷等离子体处理后小麦的面筋...为改善小麦加工品质,以新收获小麦为研究对象,对其进行辉光放电冷等离子体处理,研究处理后小麦面粉理化特性、面团流变学特性的变化,进一步分析蛋白质分子质量分布及二级结构。结果表明,两种气源(氧气/氩气)冷等离子体处理后小麦的面筋指数均显著增加(P<0.05);面团的形成时间、稳定时间有所提高;揉混特性参数中8 min中线曲线面积(midline integral at 8 min,MTxI)、8 min中线曲线带宽(midline width at 8 min,MTxW)显著增加(P<0.05),弱化斜率(weakeningslope,WS)显著降低(P<0.05);储藏蛋白组分中大分子聚合体蛋白(F1)相对含量有所增加,大分子聚合体蛋白与小分子聚合体蛋白相对含量比值(F1/F2)显著升高(P<0.05);蛋白二级结构β-折叠、β-转角向更为有序的蛋白结构分子间β-折叠转变。综上,辉光放电冷等离子体处理改变了小麦籽粒中储藏蛋白的分子质量分布及二级结构,明显增强了面团弹性、耐揉性并提高了面团抗拉伸特性,一定程度改善了小麦加工品质。展开更多
目的:开发含椰子粉的发酵型烘焙食品。方法:采用TA.XT Plus C物性测试仪的全质构压缩试验和F4肖邦发酵流变仪测定椰子粉—小麦粉面团质构和发酵流变学特性。结果:椰子粉的添加显著提高了面团的硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性。但其对弹性和黏性...目的:开发含椰子粉的发酵型烘焙食品。方法:采用TA.XT Plus C物性测试仪的全质构压缩试验和F4肖邦发酵流变仪测定椰子粉—小麦粉面团质构和发酵流变学特性。结果:椰子粉的添加显著提高了面团的硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性。但其对弹性和黏性的影响不一,添加3%椰子粉的面团表现出较硬、发酵延迟、体积小等面团发酵性能的降低,而添加1%和5%椰子粉的面团出现高度坍塌、漏气等稳定持气能力不足的现象。此外,添加1%的椰子粉时,面团的面筋网络结构明显断裂,呈不规则的片状;当进一步添加椰子粉(3%)时,面团的面筋网络结构逐渐变得稀疏。而当椰子粉的添加量增加至5%时,面筋断裂结构却得到明显改善。结论:椰子粉的添加改变了面团的质构特性进而降低了其发酵流变学特性。低含量的椰子粉破坏了面筋网络结构,而高含量的椰子粉可以改善面筋网络结构,增强面团的连续性。展开更多
文摘Pastry is an essential part of food stuff people like, especially preferring those made of wheat flour: cakes, biscuits, pancakes, etc. The nutritive value of the products mentioned above is not high. Therefore, there is a need to increase it by adding something like doum fruit (Hyphaene thebaica L.), which is a widespread in Upper Egypt. Doum fruit is a rich source of fibers and antioxidants, also other valuable substances such as carbohydrates and minerals especially potassium (K for people suffering from blood pressure problems). This investigation was carried out to study the possibility of utilization doum fruit powder in cake production. Five levels of wheat flour substitution were used 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% to produce cake. Also, the effects of blends on farinograph parameters were studied. Results indicated that substitution of doum powder (D.P) led to increase the water absorption (%) and dough weakening (B.U), whereas dough stability (min) was decreased. The water holding capacity of blends increased with increasing the level of substitution. The chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of the prepared cakes were studied. Results showed that increasing the levels of substitution increased the total fat, crude fiber and ash contents in produced cake compared with control. Minerals of the produced cake showed an increment in K and Mg, while slightly increment in Ca, Fe and Zn with increasing the level of substitution. Total phenol and antioxidant activity (AO) increased in substituted cake. Physical attributes of the produced cakes were evaluated and results showed that volume of substituted cakes decreased with increasing the level of replacement except for 10% level it increased. Results of textural analysis showed that D.P fiber decreased all the parameters. Concerning cake color, as the percentage of D.P increased, the color of the cake became darker and had high a and b values. The sensory evaluation results showed an insignificantly decrease in the acceptability by increasing the doum powder substitution comparing with control.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of CAAS for Wang Tianyu (Crop Germplasm Resources Identification and Discovery)
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate variation and trends in dough rheological properties and flour quality traits in 330 Chinese wheat varieties. The dough rheological properties of development time(DT), stability time(ST), and farinograph quality number(FQN)were evaluated, as well as the flour quality traits of protein(PC), wet gluten content(WGC), and sedimentation value(SV). The coefficients of variation of DT(40.5%), ST(58.1%), and FQN(42.4%) were higher than those of PC(9.1%), WGC(10.1%), and SV(15.3%). Normal distributions were observed for the flour quality indices but not for the rheological parameters. SV was strongly correlated with the three rheological parameters and accordingly might be used as a primary indicator for dough rheological property evaluation. Our results showed that there has been marked improvement in dough rheological properties for Chinese wheat varieties released since 1986, while flour quality has remained stable.
文摘Fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are consumed throughout the world and are a vital component of the diet in most Arabian countries. The effect of partial replacement of wheat flour with a 1:1 mixture of wheat bran and date palm fruit powder on rheological properties of the biscuit dough was studied. Levels of mixture used were 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Dough rheology (farinograph, extensograph properties) and biscuit quality (physical properties, colour, sensory evaluation) were assessed. Results obtained indicated that water absorption gradually increased by increasing the levels of wheat bran: palm date powder, meanwhile mixing tolerance index decreased. Dough stability, which indicates the dough strength, also found to decrease by increasing mixture of wheat bran and date powder (1:1). Furthermore, dough development time gradually increased by increasing the mixture at all levels. It was 6.04 min at level of 40% compared to the control (2.5 min). Extensograph results showed that dough energy and dough resistance to extension and proportional number also increased compared with control sample. The proportional number (R/E) ratios increased largely from 3.20 to 5.27 at the level of 40.0%. Ash and fibre contents gradually increased as the mixture levels increased. However, mineral content progressively increased by increasing the level of date powder in the mixture. Incorporation of wheat bran and date powder mixture decreased the spread of the biscuits from 55.66 to 52.82 mm without change in the thickness of the biscuits. Organoleptic properties revealed that quality of biscuits was acceptable at mixture level of 30%.
文摘为改善小麦加工品质,以新收获小麦为研究对象,对其进行辉光放电冷等离子体处理,研究处理后小麦面粉理化特性、面团流变学特性的变化,进一步分析蛋白质分子质量分布及二级结构。结果表明,两种气源(氧气/氩气)冷等离子体处理后小麦的面筋指数均显著增加(P<0.05);面团的形成时间、稳定时间有所提高;揉混特性参数中8 min中线曲线面积(midline integral at 8 min,MTxI)、8 min中线曲线带宽(midline width at 8 min,MTxW)显著增加(P<0.05),弱化斜率(weakeningslope,WS)显著降低(P<0.05);储藏蛋白组分中大分子聚合体蛋白(F1)相对含量有所增加,大分子聚合体蛋白与小分子聚合体蛋白相对含量比值(F1/F2)显著升高(P<0.05);蛋白二级结构β-折叠、β-转角向更为有序的蛋白结构分子间β-折叠转变。综上,辉光放电冷等离子体处理改变了小麦籽粒中储藏蛋白的分子质量分布及二级结构,明显增强了面团弹性、耐揉性并提高了面团抗拉伸特性,一定程度改善了小麦加工品质。
文摘目的:开发含椰子粉的发酵型烘焙食品。方法:采用TA.XT Plus C物性测试仪的全质构压缩试验和F4肖邦发酵流变仪测定椰子粉—小麦粉面团质构和发酵流变学特性。结果:椰子粉的添加显著提高了面团的硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性。但其对弹性和黏性的影响不一,添加3%椰子粉的面团表现出较硬、发酵延迟、体积小等面团发酵性能的降低,而添加1%和5%椰子粉的面团出现高度坍塌、漏气等稳定持气能力不足的现象。此外,添加1%的椰子粉时,面团的面筋网络结构明显断裂,呈不规则的片状;当进一步添加椰子粉(3%)时,面团的面筋网络结构逐渐变得稀疏。而当椰子粉的添加量增加至5%时,面筋断裂结构却得到明显改善。结论:椰子粉的添加改变了面团的质构特性进而降低了其发酵流变学特性。低含量的椰子粉破坏了面筋网络结构,而高含量的椰子粉可以改善面筋网络结构,增强面团的连续性。
