Involvement of the ABA-and H_(2)O_(2)-Mediated Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in the Drought Stress Responses of Wheat Roots

Abscisic acid(ABA),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) and ascorbate(AsA)–glutathione(GSH)cycle are widely known for their participation in various stresses.However,the relationship between ABA and H_(2)O_(2) levels and the AsA–GSH cycle under drought stress in wheat has not been studied.In this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted in wheat seedlings subjected to 15%polyethylene glycol(PEG)6000–induced dehydration.Drought stress caused the rapid accumulation of endogenous ABA and H_(2)O_(2) and significantly decreased the number of root tips compared with the control.The application of ABA significantly increased the number of root tips,whereas the application of H_(2)O_(2) markedly reduced the number of root tips,compared with that under 15%PEG-6000.In addition,drought stress markedly increased the DHA,GSH and GSSG levels,but decreased the AsA levels,AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios compared with those in the control.The activities of the four enzymes in the AsA–GSH cycle were also markedly increased under drought stress,including glutathione reductase(GR),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDHAR)and dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR),compared with those in the control.However,the application of an ABA inhibitor significantly inhibited GR,DHAR and APX activities,whereas the application of an H_(2)O_(2) inhibitor significantly inhibited DHAR and MDHAR activities.Furthermore,the application of ABA inhibitor significantly promoted the increases of H_(2)O_(2) and the application of H_(2)O_(2) inhibitor significantly blocked the increases of ABA,compared with those under 15% PEG-6000.Taken together,the results indicated that ABA and H_(2)O_(2) probably interact under drought stress in wheat;and both of them can mediate drought stress by modulating the enzymes in AsA–GSH cycle,where ABA acts as the main regulator of GR,DHAR,and APX activities,and H_(2)O_(2) acts as the main regulator of DHAR and MDHAR activities.

Physiological and Molecular Response of Wheat Roots to Nitrate Supply in Seedling Stage

The objective of this study was to understand the morphological,physiological,and molecular responses of wheat roots to nitrate supply at seedling stage.Two wheat genotypes,Jimai 22 and Shannong 15,were grown in Hoagland＇s nutrient solution with different nitrate levels at seedling stage.Results indicated that the plant dry weight and N accumulation increased with the increase of nitrate supply.The number of axial root,total uptake area （TUA）,and active uptake area （AUA） increased with more nitrate supply.Correlation analysis indicated that significant positive correlations existed between N accumulation and dry weight,N accumulation and AUA,and N accumulation and AUA/TUA.Although,the expressions of NRT2.1,NRT2.2,and NRT2.3 decreased with nitrate supply increased,the expressions of NRT1,NRT2.1,and NRT2.3 could maintain high level at N3 treatment.The free amino acid and NO3- content in shoot also increased with the increased nitrate application,but no significant difference was found in root among the treatments.These results implied that the increase of N uptake by nitrate supply was due to the morphological and physiological responses of wheat roots and the high expression level of TaNRT genes.Similarly,the contribution of morphological,physiological,and molecular parameters was different between two genotypes of wheat.

Effects of Soil Moisture on Dynamic Distribution of Dry Matter Between Winter Wheat Root and Shoot

The dynamic relationship of dry matter accumulation and distribution between winter wheat root and shoot was studied under different soil water conditions. The dry matter accumulation in root was greatly influenced by water stress, so as to the final root weight of the treatment with 40% field moisture capacity(FMC) was less than 1/4 of that of the treatment with 80% FMC on average. Water stress during the 3-leaf stage to the tillering stage had the greatest influence on root, and the influence of water stress during the jointing stage to the booting stage on shoot was greater than root. However, water stress during the tillering stage to the booting stage had a balanced effect on root and shoot, and the proportion of dry matter that distributed to root and shoot was almost the same after rewatering. Water recovery during the jointing stage to booting stage could promote R/S, but the increasing degree was related to the duration of water limitation. Soil water condition had the lowest effect on R/S during the flowering stage to the filling stage and the maximal effect on R/S during the jointing stage to the heading stage, R/S of 40% FMC treatment was 20.93 and 126.09% higher than that of 60% FMC and 80% FMC treatments respectively at this period.

DDRT-PCR Analysis of Wheat Roots Under Iron-Deficient Condition and Differential Expression of ABC Gene

Differential expression of gene in iron-efficient wheat cultivar Jing411 and iron-inefficient cul-tivar SanshumaiS under iron-deficiency and iron-sufficiency conditions was revealed by differential display reverse transcript PCR (DDRT-PCR) method. Northern blotting was carried out using ATP-binding transporter (ABC) cDNA obtained from DDRT-PCR products of the cultivar Jing411 as probe. Our results suggested that ABC gene expression was suppressed under iron-deficiency condition.

The Equilibrium and Growth Stability of Winter Wheat Root and Shoot Under Different Soil Water Conditions

The equilibrium between root, shoot and growth stability under different soil water conditions were investigated in a tube experiment of winter wheat. The water supplying treatments included： sufficient irrigation at whole growth phase, moderate deficiency irrigation at whole growth phase, serious deficiency irrigation at whole growth phase, sufficient irrigation at jointing stage, tillering stage, flowering stage, and fillering respectively, after moderate and serious water deficit during their previous growth stage. Root and shoot biomass were measured. On the basis of the cooperative root-shoot interactions model, the equilibrium and growth stability were studied on the strength of the kinetics system theory. There was only one varying equilibrium point between the root and shoot over the life time of the winter wheat plant. Water stress prolonged the duration of stable growth, the more serious the water deficit, the longer the period of stable growth. The duration of stable growth was shortened and that of unstable growth was prolonged after water recovery. The growth behavior of the plants exposed to moderate water deficit shifted from stable to unstable until the end of the growth, after rewatering at flowering. In the life-time of the crop, the root and shoot had been adjusting themselves in structure and function so as to maintain an equilibrium, but could not achieve the equilibrium state for long. They were always in an unbalanced state from the beginning to the end of growth. This was the essence of root-shoot equilibrium. Water stress inhibited the function of root and shoot, reduced root shoot interactions, and as a result, the plant growth gradually tended to stabilize. Rewatering enhanced root shoot interactions, prolonged duration of instable growth. Rewatering at flowering could upset the inherent relativity during the long time of stable growth from flowering to filling stage, thus leading to unstable growth and enhanced dry matter accumulating rate in the whole plant.

The Response of Winter Wheat Root to the Period and the After-Effect of Soil Water Stress

To reveal the period and after-effect of soil water stress on winter wheat, the article employs the experiment results carried out in the greenhouse. The results showed that the root-restricted weights varied with stress degrees and stress times during and after water stressing. In the course of stress, the chief reason resticting the weight of root was the stress intensity at this time, and that of severe stress treatment was larger than that of mild stress treatment. After water stress was relieved, the results of the after-effect of soil water stress on root growth were that, the stress intensity of short-time and mild stress was larger than that of long-time and severe stress. Comparing two-stage stress intensities, root-restricted weight resulted from after-effect intensity of stress under all of the short-time treatment, and the mild and the long-time stress treatments, while that resulted from the period stress intensity under the severe and the long-time stress treatments. In general, the effects of water stress on root were attributed to the three factors, a formed basis in the previous stage, the after-effect of water condition before this stage and influence of water in this stage, which lead to the characters of root in the whole growth stage.

Effects of Calcium on ATPase Activity and Lipid omposition of Plasma Membranes from Wheat Roots Under Aluminum Stress

Effects of calcium on ATPase activities, lipid contents, and fatty acid compositions of plasma membrane from wheat roots were assayed under aluminum stress. The results showed that the increase of calcium concentration in the nutrient solution increased the activity of H + ATPase and the phospholipid content, decreased the activity of Ca 2+ ATPase and the galactolipid of plasma membrane. Owing to the decrease of linolenic acid content, the index of unsaturated fatty acid (IUFA) and index of double bond (DBI) decreased in Altas66. The IUFA and DBI of plasma membrane from Scout66 roots increased because its linolenic acid content increased obviously and its palmitic acid content decreased apparently.

Differential Proteomic Analysis of Wheat Roots under Different Levels of Potassium

[ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of potassium levels in plant gene expression. [ Method ] By using wheat （ Triticum aesti- vum L. Beinong 9549） as experimental material, the protein expression in wheat roots under different levels of potassium was determined by two-dimensional elec- trophoresis （2-DE）. [ Result] Compared with the plants supplied with normal level of potassium, 152 protein spots in wheat roots under potassium deficiency con- dition showed significant differences （P 〈 0.05 ）, including 76 protein spots significantly up-regulated by more than twice and 76 protein spots significantly down- regulated by more than twice. After potassium deficiency treatment, the wheat plants were supplied with normal level of potassium for two weeks, which showed sig- nificant differences in 73 protein spots compared with the plants continuously supplied with normal level of potassium （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, including 36 protein spots signif- icantly up-regulated by more than twice and 37 protein spots significantly down-regulated by more than twice. [ Conclusion] This study indicates that potassium de- ficiency stress would lead to induction of a large number of specific proteins in wheat roots.

Negative Effects of Oxytetracycline on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Growth, Root Activity, Photosynthesis, and Chlorophyll Contents

A solution culture experiment was performed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline （OTC） on wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） growth, chlorophyll contents, and photosynthesis at five levels of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mmol L-1 OTC. OTC is toxic to wheat. The wheat growth, especially wheat root was significantly decreased. Further OTC also significantly decreased root activity, chlorophyll contents, and photosynthetic parameters except for intercellular CO2 concentrations. The different responses of indicators such as root number, root activity and so on to OTC were also observed. The IC50 values for the tested indicators to OTC ranged from 7.1 to 113.4 mmol L-1 OTC. The order of indicator sensitivity to OTC was root number stomatal conductance chlorophyll a total chlorophyll photosynthetic rates total surface area transpiration rate chlorophyll b fresh weight of root dry weight of root total length dry weight of shoot = fresh weight of shoot total volume. The root number was more sensitive than other indicators with the IC50 value of 7.1 mmol L-1 OTC, and could be taken as the sensitive indicator to predict the hazards of OTC to wheat.

Effects of Root Pruning on Non-Hydraulic Root-Sourced Signal, Drought Tolerance and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

Two pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of root pruning at the stem elongation stage on non-hydraulic root-sourced signals （nHRS）, drought tolerance and water use efficiency of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum）. The root pruning significantly reduced the root weight of wheat, but had no effect on root/shoot ratio at the two tested stages. At booting stage, specific root respiration of root pruned plants was significantly higher than those with intact roots （1.06 and 0.94 mmol g-1 s-1, respectively）. The soil water content （SWC） at which nHRS for root pruned plants appeared was higher and terminated lower than for intact root plants, the threshold range of nHRS was markedly greater for root pruned plants （61.1-44.6% field water capacity） than for intact root plants （57.9-46.1% field water capacity）. At flowering stage, while there was no significant difference in specific root respiration. The SWCs at which nHRS appeared and terminated were both higher for root pruned plants than for intact root plants. The values of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, i.e., the effective photosystem II quantum yield （F PS II ）, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II （F v /F m ）, coefficient of photochemical quenching （qP）, and coefficient of non-photochemical quenching （NPQ）, in root pruned plants were significantly higher than in intact root plants, 7 d after withholding of water. Root pruned plants had significantly higher water use efficiency （WUE） than intact root plants in well-watered and medium drought soil, but not in severe drought condition. In addition, root pruning had no significant effect on grain yield in well-watered and medium drought soil, but significantly decreased grain yield in severe drought condition. In conclusion, the current study showed that root pruning significantly altered nHRS sensitivity and improved WUE of winter wheat in well-watered and medium drought soil, but lowered drought tolerance of winter wheat in severe drought soil. This suggests a possible direction of drought- resistance breeding and potential agricultural measure to improve WUE of winter wheat under semiarid conditions.

Effects of Root Penetration Restriction on Growth and Mn Nutrition of Different Winter Wheat Genotypes in Paddy Soils

Effects of root penetration restriction on the growth and Mn nutrition of different wheat genotypes were studied in paddy soils using a method of nylon net bags (400 mesh) buried in the soil. The results showed that the spatial distribution of Mn in paddy soils played an important role in the growth and Mn nutrition of wheat crops. In the treatment where wheat roots were restricted in the plough layer by nylon net bags, the symptoms of Mn deficiency in wheat occurred much earlier and more seriously than usual. Of the two tested wheat genotypes, 80-8 was tolerant to Mn deficiency while 3295 was sensitive to Mn deficiency, respectively. The restriction of root penetration intensified symptoms of Mn deficiency of the Mn-deficient sensitive genotype (3295). The experiment demonstrated that well-developed roots with a strong ability to penetrate into the Mn-rich deep soil layer might explain the better tolerance of Mn deficiency in the tolerant genotypes.

Effects of Different Tillage Systems on Soil Properties,Root Growth,Grain Yield,and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Arid Northwest China

Studies on root development, soil physical properties, grain yield, and water-use efficiency are important for identifying suitable soil management practices for sustainable crop production. A field experiment was conducted from 2006 through 2008 in arid northwestern China to determine the effects of four tillage systems on soil properties, root development, water-use efficiency, and grain yield of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. The cultivar Fan 13 was grown under four tillage systems：conventional tillage （CT） without wheat stubble, no-tillage without wheat stubble mulching （NT）, no-tillage with wheat stubble standing （NTSS）, and no-tillage with wheat stubble mulching （NTS）. The soil bulk density （BD） under CT system increased gradually from sowing to harvest, but that in NT, NTSS, and NTS systems had little change. Compared to the CT system, the NTSS and NTS systems improved total soil water storage （0-150 cm） by 6.1-9.6 and 10.5- 15.3% before sowing, and by 2.2-8.9 and 13.0-15.1% after harvest, respectively. The NTSS and NTS systems also increased mean dry root weight density （DRWD） as compared to CT system. The NTS system significantly improved water-use efficiency by 17.2-17.5% and crop yield by 15.6-16.8%, and the NTSS system improved that by 7.8-9.6 and 7.0-12.8%, respectively, compared with the CT system. Our results suggested that Chinese farmers should consider adopting conservation tillage practices in arid northwestern China because of benefits to soil bulk density, water storage, root system, and winter wheat yield.

Study on the Root Systems for Different Types of Winter Wheat

Root growth traits for different wheat types varied during the growth cycle. The root system of 93 Zhong 6, which is a dwarf, big-ear variety, reached its highest density at anthesis, while the root density of Zhoumai 13, a medium-type variety, demonsrated its highest value during the node elongation stage and decreased rapidly at later growth stages, which resulted in lower yield. The root density of Zhongyu 6 and 98 Zhong 18, high yield potential, multiple ears varieties, did not show observable variation in their root systems during their growth cycles.

Influences of Root Zone Restriction and Nitrogen Nutrition on Hybrid Wheat Growth

To study the physiological effects of small root zonel plants of a hybrid wheat variety (Triticum aestivnmL.cv. Meiyou 4) were grown in small pots (1 litre) or large pots (8 litre) with 1ow nitrogen (50 mg kg-1 soil)and high nitrogen (200 mg kg-1 soil). Restricting root zone decreased dry weight of plants at the stages ofstem elongation and flowering, compared to those of control plants grown in the large pots (P<0.01). Sprayingof 6-benzylaminopurine (50 μmol L-1) increased dry weight of plants and chlorop hyll concentration in leaves.Restriction of root zone decreased the concentrations of total nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble protein in thefiag leaf and acce1erated senescence of the leaves. Supply of high nitrogen delayed senescence of the fiag leafThe results suggested that the shortage of nutrients, especially nitrogen deficiency was the primary reasonfor the decreased growth of plant in the treatment of root zone restriction.

Root and Foot Rot Diseases of Winter Wheat Grown in Conventional and Organic Systems

The object of the study was fungous diseases occurring on roots, leave sheaths and stem base of winter wheat in the two opposing cropping systems (organic and conventional). The observations were made in vegetation periods (2007-2009) in the fields of winter wheat in northern Poland. Every year on each plot of compared farming systems root rot occurred (Fusarium spp., Gaeumannomyces graminis and other fungi). For the period of 3 years the degree of disease injury on the roots of winter wheat grown in the conventional system in the vegetation period increased, while in the organic one remained on pretty the same level. On average a lot more affected roots, especially in the flowering stage, occurred on the winter wheat grown in the conventional system. Fusarium foot rot (Fusarium spp.) developed on the wheat during the entire vegetation period. It was the most dangerous root and foot rot disease (the highest indexes of injury). The mean degree of disease injury on leave sheath was on pretty the same level in the two farming systems, although in investigated vegetation periods differed a lot, whereas at the bases of stems the pathogen was on the higher level on the wheat in the conventional system. Also eyespot (Tapesia yallude) developed in the entire vegetation period of the winter wheat, but its intensity was much lower than in case of fusarium foot rot. Leave sheaths of the wheat grown in the conventional system were slightly stronger affected than those grown in the organic system. In the flowering stage the intensity of the disease in both farming systems became equal, while in the wax maturity it was considerably higher in the conventional system. Sharp eyespot (Rhizoctonia spp.) appeared relatively late and occurred only in two years of investigation. The intensiveness of the disease was definitely higher on the organic plots. Among the affected roots, taken in the stem elongation stage, from the organic system 28 cultures of fungi were isolated, and from the conventional one 24 colonies. Cereals pathogenic fungi amounted 35.8% of isolates obtained from the organic system and as many as 66.7% from the conventional system. Among the affected roots, taken in the flowering stage, from the organic system 68 cultures of fungi were isolated in all, and from the conventional one 25 colonies. Cereals pathogenic fungi amounted 38.2% of isolates obtained from the organic system and 56.0% from the conventional system. Among the affected stem bases, taken in the wax maturity stage, from the organic system 56 cultures of fungi were isolated in all, and from the conventional one 52 colonies. Cereals pathogenic fungi amounted 48.4% of isolates obtained from the organic system and 53.6% from the conventional system. In the case of all root and foot rot diseases of wheat grown in the organic system, an advantageous influence of greater biodiversity and number of various fungi species living in root proximity was noticed as opposed to the conventional system.

小麦根系分泌物对苦瓜幼苗生长及土壤生物学环境的影响

为解决苦瓜生产上遇到的连作障碍问题,利用具有化感促进作用的小麦根系分泌物对苦瓜幼苗进行处理,以未经处理的为对照,分析苦瓜幼苗生长及其根际土壤酶活性和微生物多样性的变化。结果表明,3个苦瓜材料经小麦根系分泌物处理后的株高、茎粗、根长、生物量均较对照有所增加,处理组与对照组之间差异达到显著或极显著水平,株高和茎粗均随着生长天数的推迟呈增加趋势。在第5、10、15天时,处理组株高较对照组分别增加7.32%、14.67%、19.98%,茎粗较对照组分别增加7.98%、8.24%、10.89%;处理组根长、地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重、地下干重较对照分别增加16.29%、18.08%、31.70%、33.74%、27.21%;处理组苦瓜幼苗根际土壤脲酶、多酚氧化酶、转移酶及过氧化氢酶活性分别提高84.88%、35.68%、443.73%、54.39%,并且差异达到显著或极显著水平。经小麦根系分泌物处理后,提高了苦瓜根际土壤中的细菌和放线菌数量和丰富度,降低了真菌数量及丰富度,主要降低了有致病潜力的镰刀菌属的相对丰度。综上所述,小麦根系分泌物可以提高土壤中酶活性,改善土壤生物学环境,促进苦瓜植株的生长,从而改变苦瓜连作产生的不良生态影响。

孕穗期渍水对小麦花后根系形态、抗氧化酶活性及籽粒产量的影响

为明确孕穗期土壤渍水对花后不同土层小麦生长发育和产量的影响,本研究以扬麦18和烟农19为供试品种,采用管栽方式,在小麦孕穗期进行渍水5 d、10 d和15 d处理,以无渍水处理为对照(CK),分析孕穗期不同渍水持续时间对花后不同土层小麦根系形态、抗氧化酶活性和产量及构成要素的影响。结果表明:孕穗期渍水能显著影响小麦花后根系形态、抗氧化酶活性和产量。随孕穗期渍水持续时间的延长,花后6 d和18 d,不同土层小麦根系累计根长、累计根表面积、累计根体积及根平均直径均呈减少趋势;各渍水持续时间处理下,根系累计根长、累计根表面积、累计根体积、根平均直径与CK的相对值变化不大。随孕穗期渍水持续时间的延长,花后18 d不同土层根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性都呈减少趋势,而丙二醛(MDA)含量呈增加趋势;小麦成熟期茎叶的干物质分配指数呈增加趋势,而籽粒的干物质分配指数呈减少趋势。孕穗期渍水通过影响穗粒数及千粒质量使籽粒产量降低。花后18 d 20.1~60.0 cm土层的累计根长、累计根表面积、累计根体积及根系SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量及产量之间的相关性极显著。

基于深度学习的小麦抗旱相关根系表型原位测量与分析

根系是植物吸收水分的主要通道,根系表型与植物抗旱能力息息相关。为了快速准确地获取小麦根系表型指标,利用土培根盒法进行了小麦干旱胁迫实验,共采集18个时间点的根系时序图像。设计了一套基于深度学习的根系图像处理与分析流程,针对土壤遮蔽引起的断根问题,提出了一种融合目标检测网络和沙漏注意力网络的检测-修复两阶段断根修复方法,以修复根系断裂区域,并通过多尺度训练和自适应迭代法提高修复精度和鲁棒性。提取了小麦在干旱胁迫和对照处理下的根面积、总根长、根宽、根深、根宽深比、根密度6个表型性状,分析了小麦根系对干旱胁迫的表型响应。结果显示,干旱胁迫下,小麦会有更低的根系生物量、更深的根系扎根深度及更分散的根系构型。同时计算了小麦根系干旱胁迫耐受性指数,结合主成分分析法,对小麦品种的抗旱能力进行了描述和排序。

海藻酸磷铵对小麦幼苗生长发育及根系指标的影响

为探究海藻酸磷铵对小麦幼苗生长发育及根系指标的影响,选取‘济麦22’为试验材料,设置57%海藻酸磷铵(T_(1))、57%海藻酸磷铵减量20%(T_(2))、57%普通磷铵(T_(3))及64%普通磷铵(T_(4))4个试验处理,每个试验处理设置1:300(F_(1))、1:600(F_(2))、1:900(F_(3))3个浓度,研究不同肥料对小麦幼苗生长、养分吸收及根系指标的影响。结果表明,在F_(2)条件下,其种子发芽势、发芽率、株高、干重、平均根系数量、平均根系长度、总根系面积、总根系表面、茎叶及根系氮磷含量、根系活力、根系分泌物含量等指标均高于其他处理;在任何浓度条件下,T_(1)各项指标与T_(3)差异显著,T_(2)处理的部分指标与T_(3)差异显著,但总体上高于T_(3)处理,其部分指标效果优于T_(4)。综上,海藻酸磷铵可显著促进小麦种子及幼苗的生长发育、对养分的吸收,其效果优于高含量磷铵,在减少施用量20%的情况下,海藻酸磷铵的效果仍优于同含量磷铵。

小麦根系构型及抗旱性研究进展

小麦是全球最重要的粮食作物之一,干旱是影响其生长发育最重要的非生物胁迫因子。根系作为作物获取水分和养分的重要器官,直接决定了作物对土壤水分的利用效率。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,根系构型在植物干旱胁迫响应中发挥了重要功能。本文综述了目前根系构型在调控小麦抗旱性方面的研究进展。首先概述了根向性生长,特别是根向重力性生长对植物根系结构的塑造作用,重点总结了目前挖掘到参与根系向重力性生长的相关基因及其分子调控机制,并阐述了根向性生长调控的根系构型是如何介导小麦对干旱胁迫的适应。除了根向性生长,根系的发育过程也参与了对植物根系构型的调控,并决定植物对干旱胁迫的适应能力,因此,本文进一步综述了在干旱胁迫条件下小麦如何通过调控根系发育来改变根系形态,包括增加根长、调控侧根数量和根毛密度等,来增强小麦对土壤水分的吸收和对干旱环境的适应;同时,系统总结了干旱胁迫条件下参与调控作物(尤其是小麦)根系发育的相关基因。此外,根系作为植物地下部分,其构型的解析一直是本领域研究难点,阻碍了对根系结构与植物耐旱性关系的进一步解析,因此,本文也归纳了目前可用于小麦根系二维结构和三维结构表型分析的技术。这些技术可测量和分析小麦根系的长度、密度、生长方向和形态等参数,为深入理解根系构型与小麦抗旱性关系提供技术支撑。最后,展望了改良根系结构在小麦抗旱育种中的应用前景,并对如何挖掘更多潜在的小麦根系构型调控基因,及解析相关基因的调控机理进行了讨论。综上所述,小麦根系结构与小麦抗旱性关系密切,随着测序和分析技术的不断发展,以及小麦根系结构调控机制研究的不断深入,为未来培育抗旱小麦新品种提供了新的手段和策略。