Several Cotton Rotation and Intercropping Systems in Cotton Planting Area of Eastern Henan Province

In recent years,the area dedicated to cotton cultivation in eastern Henan Province has experienced a continuous decline.Developing efficient multi-cropping systems for cotton and increasing the multiple cropping index represent effective strategies to stabilize the cotton planting area and enhance the income of cotton farmers.This paper presents an overview of intercropping systems and the benefits associated with cotton rotation and intercropping practices.Specifically,it discusses the"early maturing cotton-wheat"rotation system,the"cotton-watermelon"intercropping system,the"cotton-Dutch bean"intercropping system,and the"early maturing cotton-peanut-garlic"intercropping system.

Yield performance and optimal nitrogen and phosphorus application rates in wheat and faba bean intercropping

Yield performance in cereal and legume intercropping is related to nutrient management,however,the yield response of companion crops to nitrogen(N)input is inconclusive and only limited efforts have focused on rationed phosphorous(P)fertilization.In this study,two multi-year field experiments were implemented from 2014-2019 under identical conditions.Two factors in a randomized complete block design were adopted in both experiments.In field experiment 1,the two factors included three planting patterns(mono-cropped wheat(MW),mono-cropped faba bean(MF),and wheat and faba bean intercropping(W//F))and four N application rates(N0,0 kg N ha^(-1);N1,90 and 45 kg N ha^(-1) for wheat and faba beans,respectively;N2,180 and 90 kg N ha^(-1) for wheat and faba beans,respectively;and N3,270 and 135 kg N ha^(-1) for wheat and faba beans,respectively).In field experiment 2,the two factors included three P application rates(P0,0 kg P_(2)O_(5) ha^(-1);P1,45 kg P_(2)O_(5) ha^(-1);and P2,90 kg P_(2)O_(5) ha^(-1))and the same three planting patterns(MW,MF,and W//F).The yield performances of inter-and mono-cropped wheat and faba beans under different N and P application rates were analyzed and the optimal N and P rates for intercropped wheat(IW)and MW were estimated.The results revealed that intercropping favored wheat yield and was adverse to faba bean yield.Wheat yield increased by 18-26%,but faba bean yield decreased by 5-21% in W//F compared to MW and MF,respectively.The stimulated IW yield drove the yield advantage in W//F with an average land equivalent ratio(LER)of 1.12.N and P fertilization benefited IW yield,but reduced intercropped faba bean(IF)yield.Nevertheless,the partial LER of wheat(pLER_(wheat))decreased with increasing N application rates,and the partial LER of faba bean(pLER_(faba bean))decreased with increasing P application rates.Thus,LER decreased as N input increased and tended to decline as P rates increased.IW maintained a similar yield as MW,even under reduced 40-50% N fertilizer and 30-40% P fertilizer conditions.The estimated optimum N application rates for IW and MW were 150 and 168 kg ha^(-1),respectively,and 63 and 62 kg ha^(-1) for P_(2)O_(5),respectively.In conclusion,W//F exhibited yield advantages due to stimulated IW yield,but the intercropping yield benefit decreased as N and P inputs increased.Thus,it was concluded that modulated N and P rates could maximize the economic and ecological functions of intercropping.Based on the results,rates of 150 kg N ha^(-1) and 60 kg P_(2)O_(5) ha^(-1) are recommended for IW production in southwestern China and places with similar conditions.

Effects of Different Intercropping Patterns on Population Yield and Benefit of Fresh Maize and Mung Bean

In order to find the best intercropping pattern of fresh maize and mung bean, five planting patterns, namely fresh maize monocropping, mung bean monocropping, fresh maize and mung bean intercropping at row ratios of 2∶4, 3∶3 and 4∶2 were set up, and the yields and economic benefits of these planting patterns were analyzed. The results showed that the LERs of the three intercropping patterns were all above 1, and the economic benefits of 2∶4, 3∶3 and 4∶2 fresh maize and mung bean intercropping patterns were seen an increase of 2.85%, 17.64% and 14.26% respectively compared with fresh maize monocropping and an increase of 52.06%, 73.92% and 68.93% respectively compared with mung bean monocropping.Among the three intercropping patterns, the intercropping pattern with row ratio 3∶3showed the best effect, which also derived the highest LER with greatest economic benefit.

Competitive Relationships and Yield Advantage of Intercropping Faba Bean with Sugar Beet under Bio-Organic Additives and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates

A field experiment was conducted at El-Serw Agricultural Research Station, Damietta Governorate, Egypt during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons to reduce mineral N inputs of sugar beet with increased land use efficiency and profitability under intercropping conditions. Seven treatments included five treatments (90 kg nitrogen “N” + 30 m3 farm yard manure “FYM”/fad, 80 kg N +30 m3 FYM/fad, 70 kg N +30 m3 FYM/fad and 400 g of Cerealine + 30 m3 FYM/fad for intercropping faba bean cultivar Spanish with sugar beet cultivar Gloria) and two treatments (90 and 20 kg N/fad for solid culture of sugar beet and faba bean, respectively, as recommended mineral N fertilizer rate) were compared in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Solid culture of sugar beet with the application of recommended rate (90 kg N/fad) gave the highest top, root and sugar yields/fad, as well as the percentage of purity compared with the other treatments in both seasons. Intercropping faba bean with sugar beet plants with application of 90 kg N + 30 m3 FYM/fad gave the highest number of leaves/plant, leaf area/plant, root length, root diameter and root weight/plant followed by intercropped sugar beet plants that fertilized with 80 kg N + 30 m3 FYM/fad compared with the other treatments in both seasons. On the other hand, intercropped sugar beet that received 400 g of Cerealine + 30 m3 FYM/fad had the highest percentages of T.S.S. and sucrose followed by 70 kg N + 30 m3 FYM/fad compared with the other treatments in both seasons. Solid culture of faba bean with the application of 20 kg N/fad gave the highest plant height, number of seeds/pod and seed yield/fad, meanwhile the highest number of branches/plant and pod length were achieved by intercropping faba bean with sugar beet with application of 90 kg N + 30 m3 FYM/fad followed by intercropped faba bean plants that fertilized with 80 kg N + 30 m3 FYM/fad compared with the other treatments in both seasons. However, intercropped faba bean plants that fertilized with 70 kg N + 30 m3 FYM/fad gave the highest number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed index and seed yield per plant compared with the other treatments in both seasons. Land equivalent ratio (LER), land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and relative crowding coefficient (RCC) were high by intercropping faba bean with sugar beet with the application of 80 kg N + 30 m3 FYM/fad indicating yield advantage was achieved. The value of aggressivity (Agg) of sugar beet was negative for all combinations indicating that sugar beet is dominated component in the present study. Intercropping faba bean with sugar beet with the application of 80 kg N + 30 m3 FYM/fad achieved higher total income and monetary advantage index (MAI) than the other treatments. Growing sugar beet plants in both sides of beds (1.2 m width) with one faba bean row in middle of sugar beet beds with the application of 80 kg N + 30 m3 FYM/fad decreased mineral N fertilizer rate by 10.00% of the recommended sugar beet mineral N fertilizer rate, as well as increased land usage and profitability for Egyptian farmers compared with sugar beet solid culture.

Effects of Intercropping Systems of Castor Bean, Maize and Common Bean on Their Growth and Seed Yield in the Soudano Guinea Zone of Cameroon

Field trial was carried out in the Soudano-Guinean zone of Cameroon to investigate the effect of intercropping systems of castor bean with common bean and maize on their growth and yield. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used and five treatments： castor bean in monoculture or in association with common beans or maize, common bean in monoculture and in association with castor bean, maize in monoculture and in association with castor bean. The growth parameters and seed yield were evaluated. Castor beans associated with either maize or common bean grew faster compared to the monoculture system. In addition common bean exhibited fast growth and high seed yield when associated to castor bean, while, no significant difference was observed for maize. In conclusion, the culture of castor bean in association with common bean or maize is advantageous for the peasants in the Adamawa Cameroon region.

豆/禾牧草间作下混合青贮品质的研究

为解决紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和禾本科牧草单独青贮营养不均衡的难题,本研究将紫花苜蓿分别和小黑麦(Triticosecale Wittmack)、燕麦(Avena sativa)、玉米(Zea mays)及甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)进行间作种植并青贮,对青贮前后4种禾本科牧草叶显微结构、营养品质、感官品质、发酵品质及体外消化效果进行研究。结果表明:青贮后牧草叶片表面出现大量褶皱,叶片表皮细胞排列凌乱,细胞边界不清晰;与鲜草相比,青贮处理经体外消化会产生大量破碎结构,从而使其被瘤胃微生物降解的程度更高。4种混贮处理的粗蛋白含量与相对饲用价值比禾本科牧草单贮增加了23.79%~50.07%和9.44%~15.97%;而可溶性碳水化合物和乳酸含量比紫花苜蓿单贮增加了5.38%~84.41%和38.14%~93.95%。4种混贮处理中,紫花苜蓿+甜高粱混贮的发酵品质和感官品质评分均为最高。综上,紫花苜蓿和甜高粱间作种植后进行混合青贮,既能均衡并保留营养成分,还可改善发酵品质。

套作蚕豆对梨园土壤肥力和微生物群落结构的影响

为探讨套作蚕豆对梨园土壤肥力及微生物的影响,本研究于蚕豆的苗期、开花期和成熟期,分别采集不套作(对照,CK)、套作苏蚕3号(CT1)、套作苏蚕4号(CT2)和套作慈蚕1号(CT3,本地品种)处理土壤,对土壤理化性质和微生物活性及群落结构变化进行研究。结果表明:套作蚕豆后苗期土壤硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)和有效磷(OlsenP)含量有所增加,开花期土壤电导率、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、可溶性有机氮(DON)和NO_(3)^(-)-N含量显著增加,pH和OlsenP含量显著降低;套作蚕豆增加了土壤微生物量碳(MBC),成熟期CT1和CT2土壤MBC含量分别较CK显著增加36%和51%(P<0.05);套作蚕豆还降低了与碳氮磷降解相关的水解酶活性。此外,套作蚕豆增加了细菌微生物丰富度指数和香农指数,其中增加了浮霉菌门(1.5~1.7个百分点)、厚壁菌门(0.9~3.4个百分点)、芽单胞菌门(0.7~1.1个百分点)和疣微菌门(0.3~0.5个百分点)细菌相对丰度,降低了变形菌门(1.3~2.7个百分点)、放线菌门(1.9~2.8个百分点)和酸杆菌门(0.1~1.1个百分点)细菌相对丰度。Mantel和CCA分析结果显示,pH和NO_(3)^(-)-N是微生物活性的重要驱动因子,MBC是影响细菌群落结构的重要因子。研究表明,套作蚕豆有助于提高土壤微生物量及其群落结构多样性,对维持土壤微生态多样性具有重要的保育作用。

“果-豆”套种模式下蚕豆种植密度和播期对其产质量的影响

【目的】探明不同种植密度和播期对橘园套种蚕豆的生长、产量及籽粒品质的影响,明确橘园套种蚕豆适宜的栽培模式,为籽粒饲用蚕豆栽培技术优化提供理论依据。【方法】以蚕豆品种成胡15为材料,以4个播期(10月18日、10月28日、11月7日、11月17日)为主因素,3个种植密度(15万株/hm^(2)、12万株/hm^(2)、9万株/hm^(2))为副因素,进行双因素随机区组试验,分析不同播期和种植密度对蚕豆植株形态、分枝特性、产量及籽粒品质的影响。【结果】随播期推迟,蚕豆植株有效分枝数逐渐降低,单株粒重、产量及籽粒淀粉、脂肪和可溶性蛋白含量先增后降,在播期10月28日播种表现最佳;随密度增加,蚕豆植株株高逐渐增加,分枝总数、结荚总数、产量及籽粒淀粉、脂肪和可溶性蛋白含量先增后降,在种植密度12万株/hm^(2)时表现最佳。【结论】播期、密度及其交互作用显著影响橘园套种蚕豆的生长、产量和籽粒品质,以种植密度12万株/hm^(2)、播期10月28日的处理组合表现最优,其蚕豆产量最高,达227.33 kg/667m^(2);植株形态最优,蚕豆籽粒可溶性蛋白、脂肪和淀粉含量适宜,可作为四川地区橘园套种蚕豆推荐栽培模式。

大城县大豆玉米带状复合种植技术

推广大豆玉米带状复合种植,力争玉米单产与清种基本相当,尽可能增加大豆产量,集成创新适合大城县的大豆玉米带状复合种植技术模式,实现作物带间轮作,改良土壤结构,减少病虫发生,降低化肥农药使用量。

高寒区燕麦蚕豆间作比例对光合特性及地上生物量的影响

为探究高寒地区燕麦(Avena sativa L.)和蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)间作比例对作物光合特性及地上生物量的影响,本研究以燕麦单作、蚕豆单作为参照,设置燕麦-蚕豆间作1∶1(YD11)、2∶1(YD21)、2∶2(YD22)、3∶1(YD31)、3∶2(YD32)共7种种植模式,对两种作物的生长指标、光合特性及地上生物量进行研究。结果表明,间作促进了燕麦的生长发育,但在一定程度上限制的蚕豆的生长。间作改善了燕麦的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO 2浓度,并显著增加了燕麦的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽和地上生物量,而间作蚕豆除株高外,其生长指标、光合指标和地上生物量总体上低于单作蚕豆。灰色关联度分析表明,YD11处理表现较好,在燕麦开花期加权关联度位次第一,燕麦乳熟期加权关联度位次第二,因此,高寒地区宜推广燕麦-蚕豆间作体系行比为1∶1。

灌溉模式对河西灌区禾-豆间作系统饲草产量、品质和水分利用的影响

2019-2020年,在甘肃河西地区设置玉米单作(C)、玉米-秣食豆间作(CM)和玉米-拉巴豆间作(CL)3个种植方式,每个种植方式设置重度亏水(T_(1))、后期亏水(T_(2))、交替亏水(T_(3))、后期轻度亏水(T_(4))、前期轻度亏水(T_(5))和充分灌溉(T6)6种灌溉模式,研究灌溉模式对禾-豆间作系统饲草产量、品质和水分利用的影响。结果表明,两年CM和CL处理的群体干草产量显著高于C,2019年较C分别增加6.48%和9.47%,2020年分别增加9.09%和13.11%。两年CM和CL处理的群体酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著低于C,而群体粗蛋白含量、粗灰分含量及相对饲用价值(RFV)显著高于C,2019年CM和CL处理的RFV较C分别增加10.73%和13.06%,2020年分别增加7.39%和10.59%。两年CL处理的水分利用效率(WUE)和灌水相对生产效率(IPE)显著高于C,2019年较C分别增加7.77%和11.41%,2020年分别增加8.76%和15.11%。两年T_(5)、T6的群体干草产量无明显差异,而T_(5)处理的群体粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量较高,ADF和NDF含量较低,且T_(5)处理的WUE和IPE显著高于T6,2019年较T6分别提高22.14%和48.34%,2020年分别提高25.18%和45.51%。因此,玉米-拉巴豆间作(CL)在前期轻度亏水(T_(5))条件下能够提高群体饲草产量、品质和水分利用效率,是一种适宜河西灌区饲草作物高产优质栽培和水分高效利用的管理模式。

单间作小麦响应白粉病菌侵染的差异代谢物及代谢通路

为了解单作、间作小麦响应白粉病侵染的代谢差异,揭示间作提高小麦抗白粉病的生理机制,本文通过盆栽试验设置75 mg·kg^(-1)(N1)、150 mg·kg^(-1)(N2)、225 mg·kg^(-1)(N3)3个施氮水平,研究接种白粉病病原菌后,小麦单一种植和小麦蚕豆间作下白粉病的发病情况,并通过广泛靶向代谢组学分析单作、间作小麦响应白粉病菌侵染的差异。结果表明:氮水平和氮水平×种植模式显著影响小麦白粉病发病率和病情指数;在3个氮水平下,间作降低白粉病发病率25.54%~38.81%、降低病情指数20.11%~21.97%,其中低氮水平控制效果较好。白粉病菌侵染后,单作、间作小麦叶片中共检测到822种代谢产物,N1、N2和N3水平下分别发现差异代谢物69种、52种和88种。KEGG代谢通路分析发现单间作小麦差异代谢物主要富集在氨基酸的生物合成、代谢途径和次生代谢物的生物合成。其中N1和N2水平下,差异代谢物富集在代谢途径,N1和N3水平下差异代谢物富集于氨基酸的生物合成。进一步对上调、下调差异倍数前10的代谢物分析发现,与单作相比,N1水平间作上调了谷胱甘肽还原型、L-色氨酸、L-天冬酰胺和L-谷氨酰胺,N3水平间作上调了L-天冬酰胺、L-高甲硫氨酸和L-色氨酸。除此之外,少数生物碱类、酚酸类和有机酸类等代谢物质在氮胁迫下也呈现不同程度的变化。总之,单作和间作小麦响应白粉病病菌侵染的应答过程受氮水平调控。在白粉病病菌侵染中,间作调控差异代谢物如氨基酸及其衍生物类、生物碱类、酚酸类和有机酸类等在植物体内的变化,可能是间作提高小麦白粉病抗性的机制之一。其中,氮胁迫条件下间作调控氨基酸及其衍生物与小麦白粉病抗性提高密切相关。

不同覆膜形式对旱地玉米—拉巴豆间作栽培饲料产量及青贮品质的影响

文章旨在研究不同覆膜形式的旱地玉米—拉巴豆间作栽培对青贮饲料品质的影响。试验采用单因素方差设计,玉米和拉巴豆间作栽培使用随机区组设计,设4个处理,分别为T0组(露地,对照组)、T1组(降解膜)、T2组(半膜)、T3组(全膜),每个处理3个重复,共12个小区。结果表明,(1)各试验组折算亩产量显著高于对照组,且T3组产量显著高于对照组和T1、T2组。(2)T1组粗蛋白质含量显著低于对照组和T3组(P <0.05),T3组粗蛋白质含量与对照组无显著差异(P> 0.05)。T1组酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于T2组(P <0.05),但与对照组和T3组无显著差异(P> 0.05)。(3)T3组氨含量显著高于对照组和T1组(P <0.05)。T3组乳酸含量显著高于T1组(P <0.05),但与T2组差异不显著(P> 0.05),T2组与对照组乳酸浓度差异不显著(P> 0.05)。综合考虑,结合西北旱地农业实际,T3组即全膜的覆膜形式可推荐为最佳覆膜形式。

The role of maize root size in phosphorus uptake and productivity of maize/faba bean and maize/wheat intercropping systems

Interspecific root/rhizosphere interactions affect phosphorus (P) uptake and the productivity of maize/faba bean and maize/wheat intercropping systems. The aim of these experiments was to determine whether manipulation of maize root growth could improve the productivity of the two intercropping systems. Two near isogenic maize hybrids (the larger-rooted T149 and smaller-rooted T222) were intercropped with faba bean and wheat, under conditions of high- and low-P availability. The larger-rooted T149 showed greater competitive ability than the smaller-rooted T222 in both maize/faba bean and maize/wheat intercropping systems. The higher competitive ability of T149 improved the productivity of the maize/faba bean intercropping system in P-sufficient conditions. In maize/wheat intercropping systems, root growth, shoot biomass, and P uptake of maize were inhibited by wheat, regardless of the P-supply. Compared with T222, the larger-rooted T149 suffered less in the intercropping systems. The total biomass of the maize/wheat intercropping system was higher for wheat/T149 than for wheat/T222 under low-P conditions. These data suggested that genetic improvement of maize root size could enhance maize growth and its ability to compete for P resources in maize/faba bean and maize/wheat intercropping systems. In addition, depending on the P availability, larger maize roots could increase the productivity of intercropping systems.

施氮对蚕豆/玉米间作系统蚕豆农艺性状及结瘤特性的影响

【目的】旨在探明施氮对蚕豆/玉米间作体系蚕豆农艺性状和结瘤特性的影响,为河西走廊灌区豆科/禾本科间作体系氮素管理和高产高效提供科学依据。【方法】于2006-2007年在甘肃省农科院白云试验站分别采用裂区设计和原位根系行分隔法设计了蚕豆/玉米间作体系的氮梯度试验和根系分隔微区试验,研究不同氮水平下蚕豆/玉米种间互作对蚕豆农艺性状和结瘤特性的影响。【结果】施氮对蚕豆地上部生长和产量性状均无显著影响,但显著地抑制了蚕豆结瘤,产生了"氮阻遏"效应,且随着施氮量增加和蚕豆生长,"氮阻遏"效应愈加明显。随着蚕豆与玉米两种作物生长发育,作物根系相互促进作用逐渐增强,显著地促进了根瘤发育,且产生了"减缓效应",平均为14.4%;根系互作相对于无根系互作处理蚕豆结瘤平均增加10.2%。【结论】蚕豆/玉米种间根系相互作用促进了蚕豆结瘤,减缓了"氮阻遏"效应,显著提高了蚕豆产量性状而实现了蚕豆增产。

间作缓解蚕豆连作障碍的根际微生态效应

通过田间小区试验,研究了3个品种蚕豆(92-24、云豆324、凤豆6号)与小麦间作对蚕豆产量、枯萎病病情指数、根际镰刀菌数量、根际真菌代谢功能多样性和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:与单作蚕豆相比,云豆324与小麦间作(YD324/W)和凤豆6号与小麦间作(FD6/W)处理均显著提高了蚕豆地上部干重、籽粒产量和百粒重。YD324/W和FD6/W处理使蚕豆枯萎病发病初期病情指数分别降低57.14%和41.67%,镰刀菌数量分别降低32.06%和29.88%,而92-24与小麦间作(92-24/W)处理蚕豆产量、枯萎病病情指数和镰刀菌数量与单作蚕豆均无显著差异。YD324/W和FD6/W处理显著提高了蚕豆根际真菌的多样性指数和丰富度指数,并使蚕豆根际真菌的AWCD值分别比单作蚕豆提高了61.75%和46.49%;YD324/W和FD6/W处理明显改变了蚕豆根际真菌的群落结构。而92-24/W处理对蚕豆根际真菌的多样性指数、丰富度指数和AWCD值均无显著影响,也未明显改变真菌的群落结构。不同发病时期,YD324/W和FD6/W处理均显著提高了蚕豆根际土壤的蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性;而92-24/W处理蚕豆根际蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性与单作蚕豆均无显著差异。总之,小麦与不同品种蚕豆间作改变了蚕豆根际的真菌群落结构,提高了蚕豆根际真菌的活性、多样性和丰富度,提高土壤酶活性并改善蚕豆生长,增加了蚕豆产量。表明小麦与蚕豆间作改善了根际土壤的微生态环境,降低了镰刀菌的数量,缓解了蚕豆连作障碍,但蚕豆品种的差异影响间作控病效果。

小麦//蚕豆间作中的种间氮营养差异比较研究

通过根系分隔和15N标记土壤的盆栽试验,研究间作蚕豆和小麦对不同氮素来源利用的差异。结果表明,根系不分隔的处理小麦生长改善,其生物量、吸氮量都高于其它2种分隔方式;蚕豆的生长则表现被抑制,其生物量在根系不分隔时生物量和吸氮量皆最低。在尼龙网分隔的处理中,小麦植株体内15N%丰度高于其它2种分隔方式,而蚕豆则表现为根系未分隔的处理15N%丰度最低。表明小麦竞争肥料氮的能力强于蚕豆,小麦的竞争促进了蚕豆固定更多的空气氮。

大麦/蚕豆间作条件下供氮水平对作物产量和大麦氮吸收累积的影响

为给云南地区非豆科/豆科作物合理间作种植提供理论依据,通过田间小区试验,研究了N0、N112.5、N225和N337.54个施氮水平（0、112.5、225和337.5 kg N.hm-2）下大麦/蚕豆间作作物产量及氮素养分吸收累积的特点及差异。结果表明,大麦/蚕豆间作具有间作产量优势,4个施氮水平中N225的土地当量比最高,达到1.13。不同施氮水平下间作大麦产量表现出第一行〉第二行〉第三行的趋势。与单作相比,间作大麦地上部和地下部氮含量平均提高5.8%~35.8%,地上部氮素累积吸收量及吸收速率提高7%~32.1%。在N0、N112.5、N225水平下,氮含量、氮素累积吸收量及吸收速率均呈间作第一行〉间作第三行〉单作的趋势。单作大麦氮素累积吸收量和吸收速率以N337.5水平最高,分别为95.46 kg.hm-2和1.736 kg.hm-2.d-1,而间作大麦则以N225水平最高,分别为105.03 kg.hm-2和1.910 kg.hm-2.d-1。

小麦-蚕豆间作条件下氮肥施用量对根际微生物区系的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了小麦/蚕豆间作条件下4种施氮水平(0、90、180和270kg·hm-2)对根际微生物区系和多样性的影响.结果表明:在整个生育期,微生物数量有一定的波动,但均以开花期数量最高.与单作相比,间作显著增加了小麦和蚕豆根际的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和微生物总量,而显著降低了开花期和成熟期蚕豆根际的微生物多样性.在不施氮(N0)和低氮(N90)水平下,间作与单作在微生物数量上的差异较大.间作对土壤微生物数量的促进效应在分蘖期和开花期最大,成熟期显著降低.小麦根际的微生物数量随施氮量的增加先增加后降低,以常规施氮处理(N180)的微生物数量最多,氮肥用量对单作小麦的影响大于间作小麦.施氮量对蚕豆根际细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和微生物多样性无显著影响,但降低了间作蚕豆根际微生物总量.适量施用氮肥能有效调节根际微生物区系,间作系统地上部植物多样性与地下部微生物区系间存在紧密联系.

小麦蚕豆间作对作物根系活力、蚕豆根瘤生长的影响

通过田间试验研究了小麦、蚕豆间作条件下不同施氮水平对小麦、蚕豆根系活力和蚕豆根瘤生长状况的影响,结果表明:氮肥施用对作物根系活力、蚕豆根瘤生长及作物产量均有显著影响,在同样氮素水平下间作小麦的根系活力均比单作小麦高,如孕穗期在N0,N90,N180,N270分别增加了0.91%,3.5%,3.0%,2.4%;而间作蚕豆的根系活力均低于单作蚕豆:如开花期在N0,N90,N180,N270分别降低了1.3%,28.1%,13.7%,5.7%;间作蚕豆根瘤数均高于单作蚕豆,如结荚期在N0,N90,N180,N270分别提高了13.6%,31.4%,5.4%,30.6%,随施氮量的增加,根瘤数均呈减少的趋势。间作蚕豆产量结果是N180>N90>N0>N270,间作小麦产量结果是N180>N270>N90>N0。