Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient,relatively cheap,and environmentally ...Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient,relatively cheap,and environmentally friendly.However,this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling establishment.To address this problem,we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels(B1,B2,B3,B4,and B5=100,190,280,370,and 460 seedlings m-2,respectively) and clarify the physiological basis of yield formation.We selected a representative high-quality rice variety and a multifunctional seeder that used in a typical rice–wheat rotation area in 2016 and 2018.The proportion of main stem panicle increased with increasing seedling density.There was a parabolic relationship between yield and seedling density,and the maximum yield(9.34-9.47 t ha-1) was obtained under B3.The maximum yield was associated with a higher total spikelet number m-2 and greater biomass accumulation from heading to maturity.The higher total spikelet number m-2 under B3 was attributed to an increase in panicle number m-2 compared with B1 and B2.Although the panicle numbers also increased under B4 and B5,these increases were insufficient to compensate for the reduced spikelet numbers per panicle.Lower biomass,smaller leaf area,and lower N uptake per plant from the stem elongation stage to the heading stage were partially responsible for the smaller panicle size at higher seedling density levels such as B5.The higher biomass accumulation under B3 was ascribed to the increases in the photosynthetic rate of the top three leaves m-2 of land,crop growth rate,net assimilation rate,and leaf area index.Furthermore,the B3 rice population was marked by a higher grain–leaf ratio,as well as a lower export ratio and transport ratio of biomass per stem-sheath.A quadratic function predicted that 260-290 seedlings m-2 is the optimum seedling density for achieving maximum yield.Together,these results suggested that appropriately increasing the seedling density,and thereby increasing the proportion of panicles formed by the main stem,is an effective approach for obtaining a higher yield in DDR sown using a multifunctional seeder in a rice–wheat rotation system.展开更多
六倍体小黑麦是普通小麦品种遗传改良的重要基因资源,可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础。本研究以六倍体小黑麦为供体向普通小麦转移黑麦染色质,以探明六倍体小黑麦×六倍体小麦杂交、回交后代的染色体遗传特性,为小黑麦种质材料的后续研究...六倍体小黑麦是普通小麦品种遗传改良的重要基因资源,可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础。本研究以六倍体小黑麦为供体向普通小麦转移黑麦染色质,以探明六倍体小黑麦×六倍体小麦杂交、回交后代的染色体遗传特性,为小黑麦种质材料的后续研究和利用奠定基础。以六倍体小黑麦16引171为母本,六倍体小麦川麦62为父本配制杂交及回交组合,利用非变性荧光原位杂交技术(non-denaturing florescence in situ hybridization,ND-FISH)对F1、BC1F1和BC1F2植株进行细胞学跟踪鉴定。结果表明,杂种F1回交结实率为2.61%;BC1F1植株2R染色体传递频率最高;BC1F2植株中黑麦染色体在后代的传递率为6R>4R>2R,小麦背景中5B-7B相互易位染色体在BC1F2植株中表现出严重偏分离。在BC1F1和BC1F2植株中观察到24种结构变异染色体,包括染色体片段、等臂易位染色体、易位染色体以及双着丝粒染色体,且部分BC1F2植株的种子表现粒长和千粒重均优于六倍体小麦亲本川麦62。因此,在利用六倍体小黑麦作为桥梁向普通小麦导入黑麦遗传物质时,应尽量采取多次回交的方式,使D组染色体迅速恢复,保证后代育性的恢复,同时关注染色体结构变异材料的潜在应用价值。展开更多
基金the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund, China (CX(20)1012)the Jiangsu Demonstration Project of Modern Agricultural Machinery Equipment and Technology, China (NJ2020-58)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Technical System of Rice Industry, China (JATS[2020]432)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300503)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01-27)the Yangzhou University Scientific Research and Innovation Program, China (XKYCX20_022)。
文摘Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient,relatively cheap,and environmentally friendly.However,this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling establishment.To address this problem,we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels(B1,B2,B3,B4,and B5=100,190,280,370,and 460 seedlings m-2,respectively) and clarify the physiological basis of yield formation.We selected a representative high-quality rice variety and a multifunctional seeder that used in a typical rice–wheat rotation area in 2016 and 2018.The proportion of main stem panicle increased with increasing seedling density.There was a parabolic relationship between yield and seedling density,and the maximum yield(9.34-9.47 t ha-1) was obtained under B3.The maximum yield was associated with a higher total spikelet number m-2 and greater biomass accumulation from heading to maturity.The higher total spikelet number m-2 under B3 was attributed to an increase in panicle number m-2 compared with B1 and B2.Although the panicle numbers also increased under B4 and B5,these increases were insufficient to compensate for the reduced spikelet numbers per panicle.Lower biomass,smaller leaf area,and lower N uptake per plant from the stem elongation stage to the heading stage were partially responsible for the smaller panicle size at higher seedling density levels such as B5.The higher biomass accumulation under B3 was ascribed to the increases in the photosynthetic rate of the top three leaves m-2 of land,crop growth rate,net assimilation rate,and leaf area index.Furthermore,the B3 rice population was marked by a higher grain–leaf ratio,as well as a lower export ratio and transport ratio of biomass per stem-sheath.A quadratic function predicted that 260-290 seedlings m-2 is the optimum seedling density for achieving maximum yield.Together,these results suggested that appropriately increasing the seedling density,and thereby increasing the proportion of panicles formed by the main stem,is an effective approach for obtaining a higher yield in DDR sown using a multifunctional seeder in a rice–wheat rotation system.
文摘六倍体小黑麦是普通小麦品种遗传改良的重要基因资源,可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础。本研究以六倍体小黑麦为供体向普通小麦转移黑麦染色质,以探明六倍体小黑麦×六倍体小麦杂交、回交后代的染色体遗传特性,为小黑麦种质材料的后续研究和利用奠定基础。以六倍体小黑麦16引171为母本,六倍体小麦川麦62为父本配制杂交及回交组合,利用非变性荧光原位杂交技术(non-denaturing florescence in situ hybridization,ND-FISH)对F1、BC1F1和BC1F2植株进行细胞学跟踪鉴定。结果表明,杂种F1回交结实率为2.61%;BC1F1植株2R染色体传递频率最高;BC1F2植株中黑麦染色体在后代的传递率为6R>4R>2R,小麦背景中5B-7B相互易位染色体在BC1F2植株中表现出严重偏分离。在BC1F1和BC1F2植株中观察到24种结构变异染色体,包括染色体片段、等臂易位染色体、易位染色体以及双着丝粒染色体,且部分BC1F2植株的种子表现粒长和千粒重均优于六倍体小麦亲本川麦62。因此,在利用六倍体小黑麦作为桥梁向普通小麦导入黑麦遗传物质时,应尽量采取多次回交的方式,使D组染色体迅速恢复,保证后代育性的恢复,同时关注染色体结构变异材料的潜在应用价值。
