The existing research on dynamics and slip ratio of wheeled mobile robot (WMR) are derived without considering the effect of height, and the existing models can not be used to analyze the dynamics performance of the...The existing research on dynamics and slip ratio of wheeled mobile robot (WMR) are derived without considering the effect of height, and the existing models can not be used to analyze the dynamics performance of the robot with variable height while moving such as NOROS- Ⅱ. The existing method of dynamics modeling is improved by adding the constraint equation between perpendicular displacement of body and horizontal displacement of wheel into the constraint conditions. The dynamic model of NOROS- Ⅱ in wheel motion is built by the Lagrange method under nonholonomic constraints. The inverse dynamics is calculated in three different paths based on this model, and the results demonstrate that torques of hip pitching joints are inversely proportional to the height of robot. The relative error of calculated torques is less than 2% compared with that of ADAMS simulation, by which the validity of dynamic model is verified, Moreover, the relative horizontal motion between fore/hind wheels and body is produced when the height is changed, and thus the accurate slip ratio can not be obtained by the traditional equation. The improved slip ratio equations with the parameter of the vertical velocity of body are introduced for fore wheels and hind wheels respectively. Numerical simulations of slip ratios are conducted to reveal the effect of varied height on slip ratios of different wheels. The result shows that the slip ratios of fore/hind wheels become larger/smaller respectively as the height increases, and as the height is reduced, the reverse applies. The proposed research of dynamic model and slip ratio based on the robot height provides the effective method to analyze the dynamics of WMRs with varying height.展开更多
The independent driving wheel system, which is composed of in-wheel permanent magnet synchronous motor(I-PMSM) and tire, is more convenient to estimate the slip ratio because the rotary speed of the rotor can be acc...The independent driving wheel system, which is composed of in-wheel permanent magnet synchronous motor(I-PMSM) and tire, is more convenient to estimate the slip ratio because the rotary speed of the rotor can be accurately measured. However, the ring speed of the tire ring doesn’t equal to the rotor speed considering the tire deformation. For this reason, a deformable tire and a detailed I-PMSM are modeled by using Matlab/Simulink. Moreover, the tire/road contact interface(a slippery road) is accurately described by the non-linear relaxation length-based model and the Magic Formula pragmatic model. Based on the relatively accurate model, the error of slip ratio estimated by the rotor rotary speed is analyzed in both time and frequency domains when a quarter car is started by the I-PMSM with a definite target torque input curve. In addition, the natural frequencies(NFs) of the driving wheel system with variable parameters are illustrated to present the relationship between the slip ratio estimation error and the NF. According to this relationship, a low-pass filter, whose cut-off frequency corresponds to the NF, is proposed to eliminate the error in the estimated slip ratio. The analysis, concerning the effect of the driving wheel parameters and road conditions on slip ratio estimation, shows that the peak estimation error can be reduced up to 75% when the LPF is adopted. The robustness and effectiveness of the LPF are therefore validated. This paper builds up the deformable tire model and the detailed I-PMSM models, and analyzes the effect of the driving wheel parameters and road conditions on slip ratio estimation.展开更多
Due to quick response and large quantity of electric motor torque,the traction wheels of battery electric vehicle are easy to slip during the initial phase of starting.In this paper,a sliding mode control approach of ...Due to quick response and large quantity of electric motor torque,the traction wheels of battery electric vehicle are easy to slip during the initial phase of starting.In this paper,a sliding mode control approach of acceleration slip regulation is designed to prevent the slip of the traction wheels.The wheel slip ratio is used as the state variable for the formulation of system dynamics model.The fuzzy algorithm is utilized to adjust the switch function of sliding mode controller.After stability and robustness analysis,the sliding mode control law is transferred into C code and downloaded into vehicle control unit,which is validated under wet and dry road conditions.The experimental results with a small overshoot and a quick response during starting indicate that the sliding mode controller has good control efect on the slip ratio regulation.This article proposes an acceleration slip regulation method that improves the safety during acceleration for battery electric vehicle.展开更多
The wheel-rail adhesion control for regenerative braking systems of high speed electric multiple unit trains is crucial to maintaining the stability,improving the adhesion utilization,and achieving deep energy recover...The wheel-rail adhesion control for regenerative braking systems of high speed electric multiple unit trains is crucial to maintaining the stability,improving the adhesion utilization,and achieving deep energy recovery.There remain technical challenges mainly because of the nonlinear,uncertain,and varying features of wheel-rail contact conditions.This research analyzes the torque transmitting behavior during regenerative braking,and proposes a novel methodology to detect the wheel-rail adhesion stability.Then,applications to the wheel slip prevention during braking are investigated,and the optimal slip ratio control scheme is proposed,which is based on a novel optimal reference generation of the slip ratio and a robust sliding mode control.The proposed methodology achieves the optimal braking performancewithoutthewheel-railcontactinformation.Numerical simulation results for uncertain slippery rails verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.展开更多
建立了四轮驱动汽车加速过程的数学模型,以滑转率为调节对象,提出一种基于模糊P ID控制的驱动防滑控制A SR算法。设计了以发动机油门为控制对象的模糊-P ID控制器并讨论了控制器切换参数的选取,并针对均一低附着路面以及分离路面在S im ...建立了四轮驱动汽车加速过程的数学模型,以滑转率为调节对象,提出一种基于模糊P ID控制的驱动防滑控制A SR算法。设计了以发动机油门为控制对象的模糊-P ID控制器并讨论了控制器切换参数的选取,并针对均一低附着路面以及分离路面在S im u link仿真环境下进行了动态仿真。对比仿真结果,表明模糊P ID控制性能优于单一的模糊控制。展开更多
基金supported by National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51125020)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2006AA04Z207)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China
文摘The existing research on dynamics and slip ratio of wheeled mobile robot (WMR) are derived without considering the effect of height, and the existing models can not be used to analyze the dynamics performance of the robot with variable height while moving such as NOROS- Ⅱ. The existing method of dynamics modeling is improved by adding the constraint equation between perpendicular displacement of body and horizontal displacement of wheel into the constraint conditions. The dynamic model of NOROS- Ⅱ in wheel motion is built by the Lagrange method under nonholonomic constraints. The inverse dynamics is calculated in three different paths based on this model, and the results demonstrate that torques of hip pitching joints are inversely proportional to the height of robot. The relative error of calculated torques is less than 2% compared with that of ADAMS simulation, by which the validity of dynamic model is verified, Moreover, the relative horizontal motion between fore/hind wheels and body is produced when the height is changed, and thus the accurate slip ratio can not be obtained by the traditional equation. The improved slip ratio equations with the parameter of the vertical velocity of body are introduced for fore wheels and hind wheels respectively. Numerical simulations of slip ratios are conducted to reveal the effect of varied height on slip ratios of different wheels. The result shows that the slip ratios of fore/hind wheels become larger/smaller respectively as the height increases, and as the height is reduced, the reverse applies. The proposed research of dynamic model and slip ratio based on the robot height provides the effective method to analyze the dynamics of WMRs with varying height.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51275264,51275265)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2012DFA81190)
文摘The independent driving wheel system, which is composed of in-wheel permanent magnet synchronous motor(I-PMSM) and tire, is more convenient to estimate the slip ratio because the rotary speed of the rotor can be accurately measured. However, the ring speed of the tire ring doesn’t equal to the rotor speed considering the tire deformation. For this reason, a deformable tire and a detailed I-PMSM are modeled by using Matlab/Simulink. Moreover, the tire/road contact interface(a slippery road) is accurately described by the non-linear relaxation length-based model and the Magic Formula pragmatic model. Based on the relatively accurate model, the error of slip ratio estimated by the rotor rotary speed is analyzed in both time and frequency domains when a quarter car is started by the I-PMSM with a definite target torque input curve. In addition, the natural frequencies(NFs) of the driving wheel system with variable parameters are illustrated to present the relationship between the slip ratio estimation error and the NF. According to this relationship, a low-pass filter, whose cut-off frequency corresponds to the NF, is proposed to eliminate the error in the estimated slip ratio. The analysis, concerning the effect of the driving wheel parameters and road conditions on slip ratio estimation, shows that the peak estimation error can be reduced up to 75% when the LPF is adopted. The robustness and effectiveness of the LPF are therefore validated. This paper builds up the deformable tire model and the detailed I-PMSM models, and analyzes the effect of the driving wheel parameters and road conditions on slip ratio estimation.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BE2021006-2)University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province of China(Grant No.GXXT-2020-076)Innovation Project of New Energy Vehicle and Intelligent Connected Vehicle of Anhui Province of China,and Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control of China(Grant No.20201107).
文摘Due to quick response and large quantity of electric motor torque,the traction wheels of battery electric vehicle are easy to slip during the initial phase of starting.In this paper,a sliding mode control approach of acceleration slip regulation is designed to prevent the slip of the traction wheels.The wheel slip ratio is used as the state variable for the formulation of system dynamics model.The fuzzy algorithm is utilized to adjust the switch function of sliding mode controller.After stability and robustness analysis,the sliding mode control law is transferred into C code and downloaded into vehicle control unit,which is validated under wet and dry road conditions.The experimental results with a small overshoot and a quick response during starting indicate that the sliding mode controller has good control efect on the slip ratio regulation.This article proposes an acceleration slip regulation method that improves the safety during acceleration for battery electric vehicle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 51305437)Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program of China(Grant201001D0104648280)
文摘The wheel-rail adhesion control for regenerative braking systems of high speed electric multiple unit trains is crucial to maintaining the stability,improving the adhesion utilization,and achieving deep energy recovery.There remain technical challenges mainly because of the nonlinear,uncertain,and varying features of wheel-rail contact conditions.This research analyzes the torque transmitting behavior during regenerative braking,and proposes a novel methodology to detect the wheel-rail adhesion stability.Then,applications to the wheel slip prevention during braking are investigated,and the optimal slip ratio control scheme is proposed,which is based on a novel optimal reference generation of the slip ratio and a robust sliding mode control.The proposed methodology achieves the optimal braking performancewithoutthewheel-railcontactinformation.Numerical simulation results for uncertain slippery rails verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
文摘建立了四轮驱动汽车加速过程的数学模型,以滑转率为调节对象,提出一种基于模糊P ID控制的驱动防滑控制A SR算法。设计了以发动机油门为控制对象的模糊-P ID控制器并讨论了控制器切换参数的选取,并针对均一低附着路面以及分离路面在S im u link仿真环境下进行了动态仿真。对比仿真结果,表明模糊P ID控制性能优于单一的模糊控制。