Analysis of impact pressure,rock-breaking effect,and ground vibration induced by the disposable CO_(2)fracturing tube

The technology of expansion fracturing with liquid CO_(2)(EFLCO_(2))has attracted increasing attention due to reduced vibration and damage.The disposable fracturing tube has been developed and is gradually replacing the Cardox tube.However,there is a lack of impact pressure testing of disposable tubes under real working conditions,selection of gas explosion design parameters,and systematic analysis of blasting vibration.This limitation has constrained the widespread application of disposable fracturing tubes in engineering.A joint monitoring of the pressure-time curves in the disposable tubes and boreholes was conducted.The rock-breaking effect of varying hole spacing parameters in the EFLCO_(2)design was analyzed,and a systematic study was carried out on the vibration peak value,frequency,and energy characteristics.The results show that(1)the pressure distribution characteristics,stress peak value,and duration in the disposable tubes are different from those of Cardox tubes,which show multi-peak distribution,low-pressure peak value,and short duration.The correlation between the pressure in the disposable tube,filling pressure,and liquid CO_(2)weight is established,and a theoretical calculation method for the borehole wall pressure is proposed;(2)The hole spacing in rocks of different hardness is suggested;and(3)At the same scale distance,the peak particle velocity(PPV)caused by EFLCO_(2)(PPVCO_(2))is significantly smaller than that caused by blasting(PPVexplosive).The ratio of PPVexplosive to PPVCO_(2)is a power function related to scale distance,and a distance-related zonality exist in this relationship.The frequency composition of the vibration signal caused by EFLCO_(2)is relatively simple with a narrow frequency band.Its PPV and energy are mainly concentrated in the low-frequency band.This research contributes to the optimization of disposable fracturing tubes,gas explosion design,and vibration hazard control.

Dynamic Response Impact of Vehicle Braking on Simply Supported Beam Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs Based on Vehicle-Bridge Coupled Vibration Analysis

A novel approach for analyzing coupled vibrations between vehicles and bridges is presented,taking into account spatiotemporal effects and mechanical phenomena resulting fromvehicle braking.Efficient modeling and solution of bridge vibrations induced by vehicle deceleration are realized using this method.The method’s validity and reliability are substantiated through numerical examples.A simply supported beam bridge with a corrugated steel web is taken as an example and the effects of parameters such as the initial vehicle speed,braking acceleration,braking location,and road surface roughness on the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge are analyzed.The results show that vehicle braking significantly amplifies mid-span displacement and impact factor responses in comparison to uniform vehicular motion across the bridge.Notably,the influence of wheelto-bridge friction forces is of particular significance and cannot be overlooked.When the vehicle initiates braking near the middle of the span,both the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge exhibit substantial increases,further escalating with higher braking acceleration.Under favorable road surface conditions,the midspan displacement and the impact factor during vehicle braking may exceed the design values stipulated by codes.It is important to note that road surface roughness exerts a more pronounced effect on the impact factor of the bridge in comparison to the effects of vehicle braking.

Study on Electromagnetic Force and Vibration of Turbogenerator End Windings under Impact Load(Ⅱ): Analysis of Vibration of End Windings under Impact Load

On the basis of the study of transient eddy current field in the end region of turbogenerator and electromagnetic force of end region winding, this paper analyzes the electromagnetic vibration of the turbogenerator roundly. A 320 MW turbogenerator is taken as an example to specify the electromagnetic force of end region winding and therefore the vibration in the case that the generator is affected by impact load. Some conclusions are drawn on the basis of the specification. Vibration of windings under imaginary faults is simulated, so that the vibration law of the end winding of turbogenerator can be studied further. On the basis of this, the countermeasure against winding vibration can be advanced.

Study on Electromagnetic Force and Vibration of Turbogenerator End Windings under Impact Load(Ⅰ): Analysis of Electromagnetic Force of End Windings under Impact Load

In this paper, the boundary value problem (BVP) of 3 D transient eddy current field in the end region in the case that the generator is affected by impact load is specified. Besides, ways to implement discrete methods in both time domain and space domain during the solution of the problem are investigated. The Crank Nicolson scheme is utilized to attain the iterative format of time differential, after taking factors that can ensure both computation precision and stability into consideration. In this paper, the magnetic distribution in the end region of a turbogenerator in the case that the generator is affected by impact load is specified. As a result, it provides foundation for further study of electromagnetic force and electromagnetic vibration in the end region of the turbogenerator.

Reliability Design for Impact Vibration of Hydraulic Pressure Pipeline Systems

The research of reliability design for impact vibration of hydraulic pressure pipeline systems is still in the primary stage,and the research of quantitative reliability of hydraulic components and system is still incomplete.On the condition of having obtained the numerical characteristics of basic random parameters,several techniques and methods including the probability statistical theory,hydraulic technique and stochastic perturbation method are employed to carry out the reliability design for impact vibration of the hydraulic pressure system.Considering the instantaneous pressure pulse of hydraulic impact in pipeline,the reliability analysis model of hydraulic pipeline system is established,and the reliability-based optimization design method is presented.The proposed method can reflect the inherent reliability of hydraulic pipe system exactly,and the desired result is obtained.The reliability design of hydraulic pipeline system is achieved by computer programs and the reliability design information of hydraulic pipeline system is obtained.This research proposes a reliability design method,which can solve the problem of the reliability-based optimization design for the hydraulic pressure system with impact vibration practically and effectively,and enhance the quantitative research on the reliability design of hydraulic pipeline system.The proposed method has generality for the reliability optimization design of hydraulic pipeline system.

Influence of railway wheel tread damage on wheel-rail impact loads and the durability of wheelsets

Dynamic wheel-rail contact forces induced by a severe form of wheel tread damage have been measured by a wheel impact load detector during full-scale field tests at different vehicle speeds.Based on laser scanning,the measured three-dimensional damage geometry is employed in simulations of dynamic vehicle-track interaction to calibrate and verify a simulation model.The relation between the magnitude of the impact load and various operational parameters,such as vehicle speed,lateral position of wheel-rail contact,track stiffness and position of impact within a sleeper bay,is investigated.The calibrated model is later employed in simulations featuring other forms of tread damage;their effects on impact load and subsequent fatigue impact on bearings,wheel webs and subsurface initiated rolling contact fatigue of the wheel tread are assessed.The results quantify the effects of wheel tread defects and are valuable in a shift towards condition-based maintenance of running gear,and for general assessment of the severity of different types of railway wheel tread damage.

Dynamics analysis of vibration process in Particle Impact Noise Detection

Particle Impact Noise Detection (PIND) test is a reliability screening technique for hermetic device that is prescribed by MIL-PRF-39016E. Some test conditions are specified, although MIL-PRF-39016E did not specify how to obtain these condi- tions. This paper establishes the dynamics model of vibration process based on first order mass-spring system. The corresponding Simulink model is also established to simulate vibration process in optional input excitations. The response equations are derived in sinusoidal excitations and the required electromagnetic force waves are computed in order to obtain a given vibration and shock accelerations. Last, some simulation results are given.

Impact vibration properties of locally resonant fluid-conveying pipes

Fluid-conveying pipe systems are widely used in various equipments to transport matter and energy.Due to the fluid–structure interaction effect,the fluid acting on the pipe wall is easy to produce strong vibration and noise,which have a serious influence on the safety and concealment of the equipment.Based on the theory of phononic crystals,this paper studies the vibration transfer properties of a locally resonant(LR)pipe under the condition of fluid–structure interaction.The band structure and the vibration transfer properties of a finite periodic pipe are obtained by the transfer matrix method.Further,the different impact excitation and fluid–structure interaction effect on the frequency range of vibration attenuation properties of the LR pipe are mainly considered and calculated by the finite element model.The results show that the existence of a low-frequency vibration bandgap in the LR pipe can effectively suppress the vibration propagation under external impact and fluid impact excitation,and the vibration reduction frequency range is near the bandgap under the fluid–structure interaction effect.Finally,the pipe impact experiment was performed to verify the effective attenuation of the LR structure to the impact excitation,and to validate the finite element model.The research results provide a technical reference for the vibration control of the fluid-conveying pipe systems that need to consider blast load and fluid impact.

Characteristics of wheel-rail vibration of the vertical section in high-speed railways

In order to analyze the characteristics of wheel-rail vibration of the vertical section in a high-speed railway, a vehicle-line dynamics model is established using the dynamics software SIMPACK. Through this model, the paper analyzes the influence of vertical section parameters, including vertical section slope and vertical curve radius, on wheel-rail dynamics interaction and the acting region of wheel-rail vibration. In addition, the characteristics of wheel- rail vibration of the vertical section under different velocities are investigated. The results show that the variation of wheel load is not sensitive to the vertical section slope but is greatly affected by the vertical curve radius. It was also observed that the smaller the vertical curve radius is, the more severe the interaction between the wheel and rail be- comes. Furthermore, the acting region of wheel-rail vibration expands with the vertical curve radius increasing. On another note, it is necessary to match the slope and vertical curve radius reasonably, on account of the influence of operation speed on the characteristics of wheel-rail vibration. This is especially important at the design stage of vertical sec- tions for lines of different grades.

Railway Traffic Vibration Impact Analysis on Surrounding Buildings by FEM—Case Study: TER (Regional Express Train) Dakar—AIBD

The vibrations induced by railway traffic can affect the stability of structures, buildings and buried structures. To evaluate this impact, this study was carried out considering the case of the Regional Express Train which will connect Dakar to Blaise Diagne International Airport. For that, the modeling software Plaxis dynamic [1], able to generate harmonic loads, is used and permitted to have a dynamic analysis and comparison between static and dynamic load for one passage of the train for 2.56 s. In the modeling, two behavior laws were used those of Mohr Coulomb for the layers of soil, embankments and the form layer, and then the linear elastic model for the rest of the elements. The results obtained showed extreme vertical displacements 40.18 mm for the building and when no load is applied on the track, there was 40.24 mm for a static load, and 40.17 mm for a dynamic load. Also, it was observed for the track a displacement of 33.73 mm for a static load and 19.83 mm for a dynamic load. However, further studies are necessary to take into account the permanent deformation after an accurate cycle of train passage in order to better evaluate the railway traffic impact.

Impact of Vibration Models on Heat Capacities of HF Molecular System

Based on the analysis of completeness and finiteness of HF molecular vibrational levels, HF systemic vibrational heat capacity is studied with quantum statistical and full set of vibrational energy level determined AM (algebraic method). The results show that correct vibrational description and vibrational energy level set of HF system are key factors in calculating heat capacity, HF heat capacity data determined by AM energy spectra {Eυ} are much superior to the ones of harmonic oscillator model, AM results are agreement with experiment data.

Design and analysis of a two-dimensional vibration control mechanism based on vibro-impact damping

The robotic drilling always generates the axial vibration along the drill bit and the torsional vibration around the drill bit,which will adversely affect the drilling precision.A vibration control mechanism fixed between the end-effector and the robot is proposed,which can suppress the axial and torsional vibrations based on the principle of vibro-impact(VI)damping.The energy dissipation of the system by vibro-impact damping is analyzed.Then,the influence of the structure parameters on the vibration attenuation effect is studied,and a semi-active vibration control method of variable collision clearance is presented.The simulation results show that the control method has effective vibration control performance.

Ground-borne vibrations induced by impact pile driving: experimental assessment and mitigation measures

Impact pile driving is an interesting technique for the construction of deep foundations from a practical and economical point of view.However,the generalization of this technique can be restricted due to the excessive vibration levels that can be generated,which can be especially problematic in residential areas.However,different mitigation measures can be applied to prevent excessive vibration levels inside buildings located near construction sites.To compare its efficiency through a numerical prediction tool,two experimental test sites are first presented and characterized.From the results obtained,it was found that the construction of an open trench near the impact source can be used as an efficient mitigation measure to reduce the maximum vibration levels evaluated in this study.

Influence of equipment excitation on flexible carbody vibration of EMU

To study the vibration transmission character istics of a flexible carbody and its suspended equipment, a vertical mathematical model of highspeed electric multiple unit was established with equipment excitation considered. And the dynamic unbalance and impact turbulence excita tion from equipment were taken into account in a single stage and twostage vibration isolation system, respectively. Results show that the excitation transferred to carbody increases with suspension stiffness but decreases with the equipment mass increasing; the vibration transmission can be reduced by increasing the equipment mass or reduce the suspension stiffness. To avoid vibration resonance, the dynamic unbalance frequency of equipment should be out of the possible range of the carbody flexible modes, and a small stiffness should be applied to reduce the impact tur bulence. A small stiffness, however, would result in a large movement of the equipment which is limited by the static deflection requirement, while a great stiffness will transfer high frequency vibration. Therefore, a preferred stiffness should make the suspension frequency of equipment a bit greater than the first bending mode of carbody. Additionally, a 3D rigidflexible coupled dynamics model was built to verify the mathematical analysis, and they show good agreements. Results show that a twostage isolation could reduce the excitation transmission and make the vibration of carbody and equipment acceptable.

Field measurement and evaluation of vibration in different areas of a metro depot

This paper presents a study of the characteristics of a railway vibration at three key sections containing different track structures in a metro depot.The results show that the vertical and horizontal vibration acceleration levels are proportional to train speed.The Z-weighted vertical acceleration levels obtained showed that the vibration source strengths at the ballast foot of the testing line and the throat area were very close.The vibration attenuation at the repair line was larger than that of the testing line.In the throat area,the peak frequency of vibration obtained at the ballast foot(2.5 m)could be shifted to a lower frequency band by using polyurethane sleepers instead of standard concrete sleepers.Polyurethane sleepers can help to reduce vertical vibration in a frequency band of 0-10 Hz.The vibration levels would satisfy the limits given in the ISO2631-2-2003(2013)for any location more than 5 m away from the source at the testing line and 2.5 m away from the source at the repair line and throat area.

MOTION TYPES AND CHAOS OF MULTI-BODY SYSTEMS VIBRATING WITH IMPACTS

In this paper,the limit sets theory for an autonomous dynamical system is generalized to a multi-body system vibrating with impacts.We discover that if every motion of the system is bounded,it has only four different types:periodic motion 7 t,non-periodic recurrent motion γ2,and non-Poisson stable mo- tions γ3 and γ4 approaching γ1 and γ2, respectively.γ2 is the source of chaos.It is very interesting that cha- otic motions seem stochastic but possess the character of recurrence.By way of example,we discuss chaotic motions of a small ball bouncing vertically on a massive vibrating table.The result obtained by us is different from that obtained by Holmes.

Investigation into rail corrugation in high-speed railway tracks from the viewpoint of the frictional self-excited vibration of a wheel–rail system

A finite element vibration model of a multiple wheel-rail system which consists of four wheels, one rail, and a series of sleepers is established to address the problem of rail corrugation in high-speed tracks. In the model, the creep forces between the wheels and rail are considered to be saturated and equal to the normal contact forces times the friction coefficient. The oscillation of the rail is coupled with that of wheels in the action of the saturated creep forces. When the coupling is strong, self- excited oscillation of the wheel-rail system occurs. The self-excited vibration propensity of the model is analyzed using the complex eigenvalue method. Results show that there are strong propensities of unstable self-excited vibrations whose frequencies are less than 1,200 Hz under some conditions. Preventing wheels from slipping on rails is an effective method for suppressing rail corrugation in high-speed tracks.

The Anti-Vibrating-Impact Research of the Piezoelectric Resonator Force Sensor

Based on the analysis of one-dimension inertial accelerometer movement model,from which the resolution of the accelerometer inertial mass displacement equation was derived,the response of the sensor sensing element to vibration and impact of various frequencies was studied.The theoretical and experimental results show that a reasonable configuration among the sensing element inherent frequency,environmental exciting frequency and the damp factors of the sensor is the key to prevent the sensor from damage.The sensor has good anti-vibrating impact ability when the relative damp factor is 0.7,and the environmental interferential vibrating frequency is less than 0.35 times of the inherent frequency of the sensing element.

Vibrating-Sliding Motion of Caisson Breakwaters Under Various Breaking Wave Impact Forces

Sliding is one of the principal failure types of caisson breakwaters and is an essential content of stability examination in caisson breakwater design. Herein, the mass-spring-dashpot model of caisson-base system is used to simulate the vibrating-sliding motion of the caisson under various types of breaking wave impact forces, i.e., single peak impact force, double peak impact force, and shock-damping oscillation impact force. The effects of various breaking wave impacts and the sliding motion on the dynamic response behaviors of caisson breakwaters are investigated and the calculation of relevant system parameters is discussed. It is shown that the dynamic responses of the caisson are significantly different under different types of breaking wave impact forces even when the amplitudes of impact forces are equal. The amplitude of dynamic response of the caisson is lower under single peak impact excitation than that under double peak impact or shock-damping oscillation impact excitation. Though the displacement of the caisson is large due to sliding, the rotation, the sliding force and the overturning moment of the caisson are significantly reduced.

CODIMENSION TWO BIFURCATIONS AND HOPF BIFURCATIONS OF AN IMPACTING VIBRATING SYSTEM

Bifurcation problems of a spring-mass system vibrating against an infinite large plane are studied in this paper. It is shown that there exist phenomena of codimension two bifurcations when the ratios of frequencies are in the neigborhood of the same special values and the coefficient of restitution approach unity. By theory of normal forms, we reduce Poincare maps to normal forms.and find flip bifurcations, Hopf bifurcations of fixed points and that of period two points The theoretical solutions are verified by numerical computations.