Clothing Needs for Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Literature Review

The aim of this study was to identify the clothing needs of wheelchair users using relevant literatures in a global scale and to design a method to classify the clothing needs into a unified system, in order to generate a map of wheelchair users’ clothing needs with the information from multiple resources. The paper reviewed the previous studies about clothing needs and preference of wheelchair users. A three-tier screening was designed to extract main findings from the relevant literature. Content analysis and statistical analysis were used to integrate the information and identify implications. Information was categorized to represent the attributes of the clothing needs. The paper provides comprehensive insights about the specific barriers and abstract demands about the clothing needs of wheelchair users regarding their preference for apparel products. Eight essential attributes relating to the clothing needs of wheelchair users were identified: functional needs, fit attribute fabric and fiber, safety issue, aesthetic needs, expressive needs, quality of life, and extrinsic attributes. The attributes were classified into two general domains, reflecting the physical challenges and psychological desires of wheelchair users.

Office Furniture Design for Wheelchair User

There are an estimated 1.19 million wheelchair users in Spain. People use wheelchairs for a variety of reasons, the most common one is paralysis from spinal cord injuries. Current estimates indicate there are around 504,000 people alive in Spain with spinal cord injuries. Among other reasons for using wheelchairs are： fatigue from multiple sclerosis, muscle weakness from muscular dystrophy, lower limb spasticity from cerebral palsy, and missing limbs due to amputation. People who use wheelchairs may encounter a variety of obstacles at their workstations depending on their limitations. Some possible accommodations could be adjustable height desk or table for a person who cannot work comfortably at an existing desk, accessible filing system or office supplies, and frequently used materials on most accessible shelves or drawers for a person who cannot reach upper and lower shelves and drawers. This paper presents the graphical design of a workstation for wheelchair users, in this case, technical, anthropometric, ergonomic, aesthetics and scientists aspects have been analyzed. The design of composite structure conduct to explicit safety constraints applied to office furniture requirements kept continuously current and updated as part of innovation. Finally, results are showed in a three-dimensional model.

Research on Travel Preferences of Wheelchair Users in Barrier-Free Environments and Improvement Strategies for Adaptive Urban Roads

The construction of a barrier-free environment is an important measure that guarantees the safety,right-of-way,and interests of the disabled,the elderly,and other mobility disadvantaged groups.It is also an indispensable part of the low-carbon urban transportation and a necessary way to protect the rights of mobility disadvantaged groups in green travel.In this paper,the researchers conducted life log surveys on the travels of 10 wheelchair users residing in Beijing with IoT Inspector,a self-developed,wheelchairmountable intelligent sensing device.Wheelchair users’travel preferences and reasons were then analyzed using the image and textual data from the surveys.Combined with a mapping workshop,a comparative analysis was performed on the bumpiness of sidewalk paving materials.The study found that wheelchair travelers’preferred non-motor lanes over sidewalks;substandard curb ramps,unleveled tree pools,limited access widths,and bumpy pavement were the main problems faced by wheelchair users in sidewalk accessibility.In addition,the study explores the inclusive needs and challenges of non-motorized right-of-way for new transportation means at urban planning and traffic management levels.Based on multi-sourced data,this paper discusses the possibility of assessing urban barrier-free environment and representing a narrative of the needs of mobility disadvantaged groups,so as to provide practical experience and technical support to the improvement strategies of adaptive roads.

Study on Characteristics of the Wheelchair-User Combination

To summarize the characteristics of wheelchair-user combination, this paper studied wheelchairs, wheelchair users, nursing staffs and interaction relationship between them. Firstly, the findings of some research on wheelchairs and wheelchair users were investigated, and the studies in four aspects of wheelchairs and their accessories, wheelchair users, wheelchairs and wheelchair users (man-machine system), and skills training for the performance of wheelchair were reviewed. Then “wheelchair-user combination” was put forward based on the relationship between wheelchairs and wheelchair users in real life, and the “wheelchair-user combination” was divided into “WUs-Ws system” and “WUs-Ws-NSs system” according to whether the nursing staffs were needed. Finally, this paper analytically studied the characteristics of wheelchair users, characteristics in use of wheelchair and characteristics of nursing staffs, as well as put forward the characteristics of the wheelchair-user combination.

Wanting a Life in Decency!—A Qualitative Study from Experienced Electric Wheelchairs Users’ perspective

Background: The functionality and the safety of the electric wheelchairs were essential for users’ everyday life. Some evidence indicated that the wheelchair Per Se highly influenced users’ occupational life, their personal identity and social life;further, the wheelchair became an extension of the body and more than a technical device. Besides, there was still both environmental and self-efficacy or/and mental health factors obstacles for full social participation. Even so, there was to some extent stigma related to being a wheelchair user. There was a need to reflect users’ perspective on being depended on electric wheelchair. The aim, accordingly, was to describe and to get a deeper insight into electric wheelchairs users’ perspective and experiences of utilizing this device;a qualitative design with an inductive approach was used. Method: Qualitative latent and interpretative content analysis [1] [2] was used after repeated face-to-face semi-structured interviews with three experienced Swedish electric wheelchair users during the autumn 2017. Findings: The findings showed a high degree of dependability of the assistants that supported the users, and of the quality of that working relationship. The findings were formulated, abstracted and interpreted in several steps. It showed one theme of meaning: “Living in a space shifting between potential violation of or respect for human dignity”. Conclusion: The study showed that electric wheelchair users were relatively content with their lives as well as with their devices in turns of mobility and accessibility, but the meaning of their narrations showed a life at constant risk of having the respect of human rights and human respect violated. Besides, the importance of having access to good and high quality devices, good staffing, and environmental support, all in concordance with human rights, the clinical and practical implications of this study narrows down to a question of encountering the other person as a whole and worthy individual.

备灾教育培训对轮椅使用者备灾行为改变的效果

目的 探索针对轮椅使用者的备灾教育干预对其备灾行为的影响,旨在提升这一特殊群体在灾害发生时的应对能力。方法 采用自身前后对照试验设计,通过便利抽样选择四川省绵竹市残疾人中心的轮椅使用者作为研究对象。通过现场讲授、案例分析、图片展示、观看录像、互动提问等教学方法,提供总共120 min的针对性备灾教育培训。结果 经过备灾教育干预后,轮椅使用者的备灾行为得分从干预前的(3.60±1.93)分显著提升至干预1个月后的(8.60±2.89)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。具体来说,干预后,不同特征的轮椅使用者在备灾行为上均显示出改善。例如,在干预前,几乎没有研究对象制作并携带避难卡,而一个月后的随访显示,这一比例显著提升至65%。其他关键备灾行为,如准备满足三天需求的备灾包和定期检查急救药品及灭火器具的过期情况,也显示出类似的积极变化。结论 备灾教育干预能有效改善轮椅使用者的备灾行为,可为日后轮椅使用者的备灾教育研究和实践提供了有价值的参考。

基于CLO-3D虚拟试衣的轮椅使用者裤装修正效果研究

结合CLO-3D虚拟试衣系统,针对女性轮椅使用者裤装板型合体性问题,利用省道与分割线设计方法进行坐姿状态板型修正。在静态直立板型的基础上建立轮椅使用者无障碍裤装坐姿板型基样,根据三维人体测量数据生成虚拟试衣模特,利用CLO-3D虚拟试衣软件中压力图、透视图、接触点和变形率这4个服装效果评价指标,对虚拟缝合后的立姿与坐姿裤装板型进行修正效果评价。最后,将样衣真实试穿效果与CLO-3D虚拟试衣效果进行对比,模拟效果与真实试穿效果基本一致。研究可为无障碍服装结构研究提供借鉴。

老年轮椅使用者对养老机构室外环境的感知评价研究

随着老龄化的加剧,目前社会上已衍生出多种养老方式,例如居家养老、社区养老、机构养老等。研究以机构养老环境下的老年轮椅使用者为目标人群,通过建立感知评价体系的方式,探究老年轮椅使用者对养老机构户外环境的需求。研究认为应通过控制各项视觉景观要素的占比营造户外环境;结合周边环境要素,满足对安全性的需求;通过增加植物要素营造私密空间;通过放置休憩设施、增加硬质铺装促进社会交往。该研究可以为养老机构完善老年轮椅适用性的建设和改善提供参考。

针对轮椅类残障人士的无障碍家具设计研究

为减少轮椅类残障人士在家具使用交互过程中的障碍,使他们更好地与轮椅等辅具配合使用家具。通过实际调研了解国内外无障碍家具的市场现状,并通过访谈调研和观察法总结分析轮椅类残障人士实际生活中的障碍。总结分析针对轮椅类残障人士无障碍家具设计的方法和要点。为轮椅类残障人士的无障碍家具设计提供参考。

面向用户体验的机场公共轮椅设计

为解决目前机场公共轮椅使用体验上的不足,通过分析残障人士身体机能特点与心理诉求,获取残障人士的潜在需求,并结合机场公共轮椅使用场景中存在的问题和残障人士不同层次的体验需求,提出面向用户体验的机场公共轮椅设计原则,进而指导方案原型设计,对机场公共轮椅结构、材质、造型等进行设计改进。通过样机模型的制作与产品测试,验证其设计方案的可行性,为助残设备的设计研发提供新思路。

高龄女子轮椅使用者裤装研究

针对高龄女子轮椅使用者难以找到适体裤装的问题,选取了下肢无器质性病变,长距离才需乘坐轮椅的这部分高龄群体为代表进行研究。在人体测量的基础上,运用SPSS软件对测体数据进行数理统计分析,把握高龄女子轮椅使用者的体型特征与关键尺寸。然后结合特体补正知识,通过分割线与省道的设计,以及纸样的切展与折叠,在立姿裤装的基础上,设计并制作出舒适性、合体性、实用性方面满足穿着要求的坐姿轮椅裤装。

老年人电动康复轮椅创新设计

为更好地满足老年人出行和下肢康复的用户需求,将用户行为分析方法运用到老年人电动康复轮椅的设计中。在设计过程中,采用用户观察试验和用户访谈试验等方法对老年人康复训练过程进行研究,通过对调研数据进行量化分析和转化挖掘用户的潜在需求,制订基于用户行为的设计策略,从提升用户体验角度寻求新的解决方案。针对老年人在使用轮椅时出现的问题,采用水平仪控制方案将康复功能与轮椅相结合进行创新设计,并运用ADAMS软件对设计方案进行仿真分析,进一步验证了水平仪控制方案的可行性,为电动康复轮椅结构的进一步优化提供参考。

教育干预对轮椅使用者备灾知识培训效果的研究

目的探讨备灾教育对轮椅使用者备灾知识的影响。方法自行设计问卷,对绵竹市某轮椅使用者残疾小组进行备灾教育干预,在干预前、干预后及干预后一个月进行问卷测试,比较研究对象的备灾知识变化。结果备灾教育干预后及干预后一个月研究对象的备灾知识均高于备灾教育前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对轮椅使用者进行备灾教育,能有效提高研究对象的备灾知识水平,具有可行性。

“轮椅族”无障碍服装设计研究

无障碍服装设计专为消除老年人、残疾人等功能障碍人群在服装穿着与使用中的困难与障碍,其理想目标是为使用者提供健康舒适、方便快捷的穿衣方式,帮助其解决穿脱衣物方面存在的困难,满足其心理和生理需要。无障碍服装设计以人为本,将美观与实用功能相融合,通过服装结构、材料及辅助配件的合理设计,使服装具备特殊的辅助功能,为使用者提供最大限度的方便,改变以往"人随衣"的穿衣状态,变为合理的"衣随人"的穿着方式,一定程度上能消除"轮椅族"身心障碍,提升其生活质量。无障碍服装设计未来将有广阔的市场发展。

Review on Development of Pressure Injury Prevention Fabric

Pressure injury is a common postoperative complication of wheelchair users. It has a high incidence rate and can induce sepsis and even death. The fabrics that touch patients’ skin directly have a profound impact on their skin surfaces. This review summarizes the research in the last five years on the relationship between pressure injuries and fabrics. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA) statement, a systematic literature search is conducted in nine databases, including SCI(Web of Science), IEEE, ASTM, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, Wiley, SpringerLink, PubMed and SAGE. The research objects, experimental equipment and survey results are investigated in this review, in which twenty-four different textiles and seven different test methodologies are involved. The test methodologies include five kinds of performance tests and two kinds of observational studies. Two studies showed that the particular fabric was helpful to reduce the pressure on the skin surface, and twelve studies revealed that the multi-layer fabric with good air permeability, heat dissipation and moisture dissipation was helpful to prevent pressure injury. This review confirms the correlation between the fabric properties and the occurrence of postoperative pressure injury in wheelchair users. Further experiments are needed to reasonably integrate the fabric characteristics of pressure injury prevention into the mass-produced pressure injury prevention clothes for wheelchair users.

一种基于POMDP用户意图建模的智能轮椅导航控制方法

通过部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程(POMDP)模型对用户意图进行建模,提出了一种基于POMDP用户意图建模的智能轮椅导航控制方法.该方法考虑了动作的不确定性和状态的部分可观测性,对用户意图、智能轮椅导航控制的动作空间进行建模,通过状态预测进而选择行为的最优规划,实现用户期望总值的最大化.首先介绍了POMDP的原理及模型,然后提出了基于POMDP用户意图的智能轮椅控制状态空间、动作空间、观察值集合、奖赏值和概率分布,进而提出了一种基于概率密度函数的用户意图求解方法.最后,对基于POMDP用户意图建模的智能轮椅导航控制进行了试验,并对试验结果进行了分析,从而验证了所提方法的实时性和有效性.

机器人轮椅用户行为与自主导航动态共享控制方法

机器人轮椅人机交互研究表明长时间采用单一模式交互容易导致用户操作意图误判且稳定性会变差,完全自主模式亦会因用户缺乏控制体验而产生沮丧情绪。针对当前基于人机协作的机器人轮椅交互存在模式间硬切换与缺乏对环境变化的动态调整能力的问题,本文以手势交互控制轮椅为基础,提出一种基于用户行为与自主导航相结合的机器人轮椅动态共享控制方法。首先基于Leap Motion传感器追踪用户掌心坐标,生成用户手势速度指令;其次,基于RPLIDAR A1激光雷达传感器并结合自主导航算法,生成自主导航控制指令;最后基于距离、疲劳及误差等多种约束条件实时更新人-机控制指令权重,实现对机器人轮椅的动态共享控制。实验结果表明,本文所提动态共享控制方法能根据轮椅运行环境与用户操作性能动态调整不同模式间的角色分配,避免了不同模式间的直接硬切换,具有较好的用户体验。

老年女性轮椅使用者裤装功能设计与着装舒适性研究

文章针对老年女性轮椅使用者,设计制作了一款新型外出裤和一款新型家居裤,并制作了一款普通梭织裤和一款普通针织裤进行对比实验,通过动作分解分析法、着装压力测量法及主观评价法研究了四款裤装的穿着性能。研究发现:对于穿上和脱下裆部的动作,新型外出裤自主完成度最高,分别为0.75和1.00,其穿脱便利性和如厕便利性也最高,分别为0.93和0.87;在60°、90°和120°三种坐姿角度下,两款新型裤装腹部的着装压力均小于0.4 N。与对应的普通裤装相比,两款新型裤装在着装压力方面与对应的普通裤装无明显差异,两款新型裤装的接触舒适感和热舒适感均优于其对应的普通裤装。

基于轮椅使用者的地铁导向标志可达性研究

为提升轮椅使用者的地铁出行效率,对当前北京地铁导向标志系统的指引可达性进行了研究。实验选取了影响指引可达性的路线复杂度和无障碍导向标志可用性作为自变量,寻路中的中断、迷茫、用时作为因变量,通过AHP层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process)和定量分析选择实验路线,招募参试者实地测试使用轮椅出行的效率。结果表明,复杂度对中断、迷茫和用时有显著影响;可用性对迷茫和用时有显著影响;岔路口是制约轮椅使用者寻路的关键位置。可见降低路线复杂度,提升特定岔路口处无障碍导向标志的可用性,均能提高轮椅使用者的寻路绩效。根据实验结果,建议复杂度和可用性在所给参考范围内,有利于轮椅使用者的出行保持较高效率。

转移评估量表3.0版汉化及信度和效度研究

目的:探讨中文版转移评估量表(transfer assessment instrument,TAI)3.0评定轮椅使用者转移功能的信度及效度,为该量表的临床使用提供客观依据。方法:经原量表作者同意,对TAI3.0进行汉化,过程遵循目前国际通行的翻译、逆向翻译、文化调适、预试验的程序,译制及修订量表。本研究纳入30例受试者,进行TAI3.0、VAS的评估,并在一周后完成第二次TAI3.0的评定。收集的数据使用Excel软件建立数据库,经核查后使用SPSS23.0统计软件进行分析,通过采用Pearson相关分析、可靠性分析、描述性统计分析和探索性分析。结果:TAI3.0的内部一致性Cronbach α系数为0.709,95%置信区间在0.615-0.789(P<0.01)。TAI3.0的重测信度组内相关系数(ICC)为0.777,95%置信区间在0.536-0.894(P<0.01),评估者间ICC为0.917,95%置信区间在0.766-0.965(P<0.01);TAI3.0与VAS的标准效度为r=0.604。13.33%的受试者得分落在最高分,3.33%的受试者得分落在最低分。结论:中文版TAI3.0具有较好的信效度,无地板或天花板效应,适用于以中文为母语的治疗师评估轮椅使用者的转移能力。