Broken and cracked eggshells cause major economic losses to the egg production industry. An F2 population of 262 hens obtained by crossing a strong egg shell line with a weak egg shell line of the White Leghorn breed ...Broken and cracked eggshells cause major economic losses to the egg production industry. An F2 population of 262 hens obtained by crossing a strong egg shell line with a weak egg shell line of the White Leghorn breed was used for detecting the quantitative trait loci （QTL） affecting eggshell quality. The 2 lines were developed from the same founder population by two-way selection for egg shell strength with nondestructive deformation. Of the 1 014 microsatellite markers tested, 35 were mapped on 10 autosomal linkage groups. There was no informative marker on chromosome Z. The QTLs associated with 7 traits, i.e., body weight, short length of egg, long length of egg, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness （EST）, eggshell weight （ESW）, and egg weight （EW）, were identified. Highly significant （P〈0.01） QTLs associated with EST and ESW and a significant （P〈 0.05） QTL associated with EW were mapped to a region flanking ABR0545 and ABR0362 on chromosome 9. These QTLs are good candidates to be employed in the development of strategies for reducing the number of broken and cracked eggs in commercial layer houses by employing marker assisted selection.展开更多
The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the color, texture and sensory characteristics of whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) surimi and mechanically separated chicken meat (MDCM) surimi-like material...The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the color, texture and sensory characteristics of whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) surimi and mechanically separated chicken meat (MDCM) surimi-like material (SLM). The whiteness of the MDCM-SLM was higher (P > 0.05) than that from the surimi. Higher breaking force (P < 0.05) and gel strength (P < 0.05) were also observed for the MDCM-SLM when compared to the surimi. The deformation did not vary significantly for these two products (P > 0.05). The MDCM-SLM was more accepted by the panelists (P < 0.05). The mean scores of overall desirability for MDCM-SLM was similar to that observed for walleye Pollack surimi that is the parameter of quality. The differences in the acceptability of poultry and fish food products are probably due to peoples’ eating habits.展开更多
[ Objective] To explore the possibility of treating livestock manure with white-rot fungi. [Method] The wood powder-chicken manure mixture was respectively composted by three kinds of white-rot fungi, the weight of li...[ Objective] To explore the possibility of treating livestock manure with white-rot fungi. [Method] The wood powder-chicken manure mixture was respectively composted by three kinds of white-rot fungi, the weight of lignin, cellulose, protein, fat, ash and crude polysaccharide as well as the mycelial growth was determined during this process. [ Result] The mixture was better composted with white-rot fungi than the control. The best effect was achieved in P. ostreatus composting group. In this group, the rate of weight reduction, lignin degradation and cellulose degradation were respectively 15.68% （6.79 times as great as that of the control group）, 39.92% （6.54 times as great as that of the control group） and 32.26% （2.77 times as great as that of the control group）. The weight of protein and fat were increased by 31.68% and 146.58%, respectively. The content of crude polysaccharide was 2.43%. No crude polysaccharide was detected, and the weight of protein and fat decreased by 21.96% and 70.99%, respectively. [ Conclusion] It is feasible to compost livestock and poultry manure with white-rot fungi.展开更多
【目的】克隆白来航鸡干扰素基因刺激因子基因(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)CDS区序列并进行生物信息学和组织表达分析,为阐明STING基因在抗病毒免疫应答中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR扩增并克隆白来航鸡STING基因CDS区...【目的】克隆白来航鸡干扰素基因刺激因子基因(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)CDS区序列并进行生物信息学和组织表达分析,为阐明STING基因在抗病毒免疫应答中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR扩增并克隆白来航鸡STING基因CDS区,测序后对其编码氨基酸序列进行相似性比对及系统进化树构建,利用生物信息学预测STING蛋白的理化特性及结构功能,并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测STING基因在鸡心脏、肝脏等14个组织中的表达情况。【结果】白来航鸡STING基因CDS区序列全长1140 bp,编码379个氨基酸。相似性比对和系统进化树分析结果表明,白来航鸡STING基因与原鸡的相似性最高(99.7%),亲缘关系最近,与冠小嘴乌鸦亲缘关系最远。STING蛋白为酸性、亲水性蛋白,分子质量为42.625 ku,等电点(pI)为6.67,不稳定系数为69.26,脂肪系数为105.01。该蛋白大部分在线粒体和内质网上合成,含有跨膜结构,不含信号肽。STING蛋白二级结构包括α-螺旋(54.62%)、延伸链(10.29%)、β-转角(3.43%)及无规则卷曲(31.66%)。蛋白互作分析表明,白来航鸡STING蛋白与NFKB1、DDX41、cGAS、TBK1等蛋白存在相互作用。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,STING基因在白来航鸡组织中广泛表达,其中在肺脏中表达量最高,且显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);在胸肌中表达量最低。【结论】本研究成功克隆了白来航鸡STING基因,其CDS区序列全长1140 bp,编码379个氨基酸。白来航鸡STING蛋白为酸性、亲水性蛋白,含有跨膜结构。STING基因在白来航鸡肺脏中表达量最高。研究结果为深入探究白来航鸡STING基因编码蛋白功能提供了材料。展开更多
旨在通过分析白来航(White Leghorn,WL)和雪域白鸡(Xueyu White chicken,XYW)在低氧条件下孵化时胚胎心脏组织的基因表达差异,挖掘鸡胚低氧适应候选基因。本研究在高海拔环境孵化雪域白鸡和白来航鸡种蛋,采集孵化第16天胚胎心脏组织,提...旨在通过分析白来航(White Leghorn,WL)和雪域白鸡(Xueyu White chicken,XYW)在低氧条件下孵化时胚胎心脏组织的基因表达差异,挖掘鸡胚低氧适应候选基因。本研究在高海拔环境孵化雪域白鸡和白来航鸡种蛋,采集孵化第16天胚胎心脏组织,提取RNA,进行转录组测序(RNA-seq),筛选差异表达基因(DEGs),并对其进行荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)验证、功能富集分析和构建转录因子-靶基因调控网络,鉴定与雪域白鸡低氧适应相关的候选基因。在雪域白鸡和白来航鸡的心脏组织之间筛选到253个DEGs,随机选择5个DEGs进行qRT-PCR验证,表达趋势与测序结果一致。功能富集分析表明,DEGs主要涉及心血管发育和心脏功能相关的生物学过程和信号通路。将DEGs和已知的鸡转录因子对比,筛选到FOXP2和HOXA2,参与调控血管生成、心肌收缩等,对雪域白鸡胚胎低氧适应起关键作用。本研究通过鸡胚心脏组织转录组数据分析,鉴定到TENM2、NOG、SMOC1、CCBE1等鸡胚高原低氧适应候选基因,为解析雪域白鸡高原低氧适应分子机制提供理论依据。展开更多
基金Supported by the National lqatural Science Foundation of China （21036005, 20876145）, the Science and Technology Cooperation Project between China-Europe Country＇s Governments from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （1017） and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial （Y4080326）.
文摘Broken and cracked eggshells cause major economic losses to the egg production industry. An F2 population of 262 hens obtained by crossing a strong egg shell line with a weak egg shell line of the White Leghorn breed was used for detecting the quantitative trait loci （QTL） affecting eggshell quality. The 2 lines were developed from the same founder population by two-way selection for egg shell strength with nondestructive deformation. Of the 1 014 microsatellite markers tested, 35 were mapped on 10 autosomal linkage groups. There was no informative marker on chromosome Z. The QTLs associated with 7 traits, i.e., body weight, short length of egg, long length of egg, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness （EST）, eggshell weight （ESW）, and egg weight （EW）, were identified. Highly significant （P〈0.01） QTLs associated with EST and ESW and a significant （P〈 0.05） QTL associated with EW were mapped to a region flanking ABR0545 and ABR0362 on chromosome 9. These QTLs are good candidates to be employed in the development of strategies for reducing the number of broken and cracked eggs in commercial layer houses by employing marker assisted selection.
文摘The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the color, texture and sensory characteristics of whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) surimi and mechanically separated chicken meat (MDCM) surimi-like material (SLM). The whiteness of the MDCM-SLM was higher (P > 0.05) than that from the surimi. Higher breaking force (P < 0.05) and gel strength (P < 0.05) were also observed for the MDCM-SLM when compared to the surimi. The deformation did not vary significantly for these two products (P > 0.05). The MDCM-SLM was more accepted by the panelists (P < 0.05). The mean scores of overall desirability for MDCM-SLM was similar to that observed for walleye Pollack surimi that is the parameter of quality. The differences in the acceptability of poultry and fish food products are probably due to peoples’ eating habits.
基金supported by Qianjiang Talent Program of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2007R10039)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2005CB724204)2008 University Students Science and Technology Innovation Project of Zhejiang Province
文摘[ Objective] To explore the possibility of treating livestock manure with white-rot fungi. [Method] The wood powder-chicken manure mixture was respectively composted by three kinds of white-rot fungi, the weight of lignin, cellulose, protein, fat, ash and crude polysaccharide as well as the mycelial growth was determined during this process. [ Result] The mixture was better composted with white-rot fungi than the control. The best effect was achieved in P. ostreatus composting group. In this group, the rate of weight reduction, lignin degradation and cellulose degradation were respectively 15.68% （6.79 times as great as that of the control group）, 39.92% （6.54 times as great as that of the control group） and 32.26% （2.77 times as great as that of the control group）. The weight of protein and fat were increased by 31.68% and 146.58%, respectively. The content of crude polysaccharide was 2.43%. No crude polysaccharide was detected, and the weight of protein and fat decreased by 21.96% and 70.99%, respectively. [ Conclusion] It is feasible to compost livestock and poultry manure with white-rot fungi.
文摘旨在通过分析白来航(White Leghorn,WL)和雪域白鸡(Xueyu White chicken,XYW)在低氧条件下孵化时胚胎心脏组织的基因表达差异,挖掘鸡胚低氧适应候选基因。本研究在高海拔环境孵化雪域白鸡和白来航鸡种蛋,采集孵化第16天胚胎心脏组织,提取RNA,进行转录组测序(RNA-seq),筛选差异表达基因(DEGs),并对其进行荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)验证、功能富集分析和构建转录因子-靶基因调控网络,鉴定与雪域白鸡低氧适应相关的候选基因。在雪域白鸡和白来航鸡的心脏组织之间筛选到253个DEGs,随机选择5个DEGs进行qRT-PCR验证,表达趋势与测序结果一致。功能富集分析表明,DEGs主要涉及心血管发育和心脏功能相关的生物学过程和信号通路。将DEGs和已知的鸡转录因子对比,筛选到FOXP2和HOXA2,参与调控血管生成、心肌收缩等,对雪域白鸡胚胎低氧适应起关键作用。本研究通过鸡胚心脏组织转录组数据分析,鉴定到TENM2、NOG、SMOC1、CCBE1等鸡胚高原低氧适应候选基因,为解析雪域白鸡高原低氧适应分子机制提供理论依据。
