White Fungus Soup

Ingredients: two pieces of white fungus, a handful of Chinese wolfberry fruit, dates, dried longan, lotus seeds and peanuts. Directions: 1. Soak the dried fungus in water, remove the roots and then cook. 2. Steep the Chinese wolfberry fruit, dates, dried longan, lotus seeds and peanuts in water for a while.

Decolorization of reactive brilliant red K-2BP by white rot fungus under sterile and non-sterile conditions

Almost all the studies both domestic and international using white rot fungus for dye wastewater treatment are performed under sterile conditions. However, it is obviously unpractical that wastewater with dyes is treated under sterile conditions. A feasible study was made for using white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade reactive brilliant red K-2BP dye under non-sterile conditions. The results showed that there was no decolorizing effect under non-sterile condition if white rot fungus was incubated under non-sterile condition, and the decolorization was always near to 0% during decolorizing test for 3 d; in the meantime, a lot of yeast funguses were found in liquid medium when white rot fungus was incubated under non-sterile conditions; however, if white rot fungus was incubated under sterile condition firstly, its decolorization was above 90% under non-sterile condition, which was similar to that of sterile condition. So we point out that the treating process for wastewater with dyes should be divided into two stages. The first stage is that white rot fungus should be incubated under sterile conditions, and the second stage is that reactive brilliant red K-2BP is decolorized under non-sterile conditions. The method not only save the operation cost which decolorizing reactive brilliant red K-2BP under sterile condition, but also provide the feasibility for using white rot fungus to degrade wastewater with dyes under non-sterile conditions.

Releasing nitrogen from ammoniated lignin by white rot fungus cometabolizes environmental pollutants

The nitrogen modified lignocelluloses(NML) produced under oxic ammoniation was metabolized by white rot fungus, NH + 4 N was released, NO - 3 N concentration was decreased and total nitrogen loss was blocked within incubation period. During releasing nitrogen from the metabolism of NML, white rot fungus cometabolized recalcitrant environmental pollutants and showed higher degradation capability. Results indicated that this NML complex colonized by white rot fungus might be effective with economic feasibility when they are applied into the vast field ecosystem, it might stabilize NH + 4 nitrogen flux and bioremediate the polluted environmental sites.

Cometabolic degradation of veratryl alcohol and biphenyl by white rot fungus under nitrogen nutrition-rich condition

In this paper, changes of enzymes involved in the degradation of recalcitrant aromatic pollutants from white rot fungus Phlebia radiata I 5 6 and cometabolism of biphenyl and varatryl alcohol by this fungus under nitrogen nutrition rich were studied. Results from the experiment showed that C/N concentration ratio in the culture media played an important role on the activity of LiP. Under the condition of high concentration ratio of C/N or N/C, activity of LiP was higher, but higher activity of MnP only followed the low concentration of glucose or tartrate ammonium concentration in the media, when concentration of glucose or tartrate ammonium was more than 0 01 mol/L, the activity of MnP dropped down quickly. Veratryl alcohol increased the activity of LiP and MnP as well as the amount of ·OH radical free under different concentration of nitrogen or carbon source; ascorbic acid, a scavenger of ·OH radical free, brought the opposite effect to that of the veratryl alcohol on the LiP and MnP activity. Under nitrogen nutrition rich condition removal percentage of biphenyl was lower, however, under cometabolic condition of veratryl alcohol and biphenyl, the degradation was enhanced obviously, moreover, intermediate products accumulated in the media during the cometabolic degradation process of biphenyl and veratryl alcohol was different from these which was found in the process of separate degradation of biphenyl or veratryl alcohol.

Effects of laccase incubated from white rot fungi on the mechanical properties of fiberboard

White rot fungi were optimized to cultivate highly active laccase. The characteristics of laccase incubated by continuous culture were compared with those of direct culture. The enzyme activity of laccase incubated by continuous culture technology reached a higher value on the fifth day of the growth. The optimization incubation time of high activity laccase was the eleventh day. A large amount of highly active laccase can be obtained in a relatively short time by continuous culture to replace traditional laccase. After laccase treatment, the lignin composition of wood fibers were oxidation-catalyzed by laccase. The number of chemical-bonding points between the wood fibers was increased. The wood fibers treated by laccase were fabricated into boards and their mechanical properties improved with the laccase-incubation times. Compared with the fiberboards made from fibers that were pre-treated by laccase of incubation 5 days, the static bending strength of those that were pre-treated by laccase of incubation 11 days was increased by 18.95%, the elastic modulus was increased by 35.49%, and the internal bond strength was increased by 44.11%.

Effect of nitrogen concentration in culture mediums on growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Effect of different nitrogen concentration in the mediums on growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied when glucose concentration was 10 g/L. The results showed that the medium contained 0.8 g/L ammonium tartrate is the best. It not only supply abundant nutrients for the growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, which make mycelia the best grow compared with the other medium, but also produce higher manganese-dependent peroxidase(Mnp) and laccase(Lac) activity. In addition, it is observed that the variation of mycelia surface is related to ligninolytic enzyme secreted by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. When the surface of mycelium pellets appeared burs, it predicts secondary metabolism begin. This experimentation demonstrated that when the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in nitrogen limited medium is equal to 100∶8, growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is the best, it could achieve the maximum Mnp and Lac activity.

γ-Fe_2O_3 nanoparticle-facilitated bisphenol A degradation by white rot fungus

The effect of γ-Fe_2O_3 nanoparticles on bisphenol A(BPA)biodegradation by white rot fungus(Pleurotus ostreatus)was investigated.Interestingly,the addition of γ-Fe_2O_3 nanoparticles enhanced BPA degradation efficiency by as much as 32% after 3 d in the presence of an environmentally relevant concentration of H_2O_2.The γ-Fe_2O_3-induced BPA degradation enhancement was not due to a commonly assumed Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by γ-Fe_2O_3 or dissolved Fe^(3+) ions.However,γ-Fe_2O_3was bioreduced to Fe_3O_4,which was more efficient at catalyzing the Fenton reaction,producing a highly active hydroxyl radical.The bioreduction of γ-Fe_2O_3 was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis.This study elucidates the potential biotransformation of nanoparticles in the environment and broadens the application of iron oxide nanoparticles for improved pollutant control.

Enzymatic Degradation of Organochlorine Insecticide Chlordane by Phlebia brevispora

[ Objective ] This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of enzymatic degradation of organochlorine insecticide chlordane by the white rot fungus Pldebia brevispora. [ Method ] The degradation characteristics of chlordane were determined by the crude enzyme extracted from P. brevispora strain by pure culture, ultrasonic fragmentation and centrifuge separation. [ Result] About 33.2% and 10.4% of chlordane were degraded respectively by intracellular enzyme and extracellular enzyme within 20 min. At pH 5.0 and 3℃, the crude enzyme showed the greatest degradation activity （49.9%）, with its Michaelis-Mentn＇s constant （Km ） and maximum degradation rate （ Vmax ） of 3.49 and 8.38 ttmol/min, respectively. [ Conclusion] Extracellular enzyme can degrade chlordane through dehydrogenation or dehydrochlorination. Intracellular enzyme plays a major role in chlordane degradation. It can transform chlordane to some hydroxylated metabolites through hydroxylation or substitution of chlorine atom by hydroxyl group.