Heterosis and heritability estimates for the survival of the Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) under the commercial scale ponds

The aim of the present study is to detect the potential of the base population from diallel crosses of eight introduced strains of the Pacific white shrimp（Litopenaeus vannamei） for improving the yield. Heterosis and heritability were estimated for pond survival at commercial farm conditions for the base population that included 207 full-sib families from a nested mating design by artificial insemination. Among all the hybrids,the heterosis ranged from –11.37%（UA1×UA2） to 20.53%（UA3×SIN） with an average of 0.953%. The results showed that more than half of the hybrids（51.85%） have negative heterosis for survival rate, but most of the hybrids with positive heterosis have high estimates. The high proportion of negative heterosis for survival rate reminders us that the survival trait also should be considered in the crossbreeding program to avoid yield decrease. However, high positive heterosis manifested in most of the hybrids for survival indicates the usefulness of these hybrids for improving the survival to obtain higher yield by crossbreeding in this breeding program. The heritability estimate for pond survival was 0.092±0.043 when genetic groups were included in the pedigree, and it was significantly different from zero（P〈0.05）. The results from this study also indicated that significant improvement for survival is possible through selection in L. vannamei.

Optimal content and ratio of lysine to arginine in the diet of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

The optimal quantity of dietary lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg), and the optimal ratio of dietary Lys to Arg for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. Coated Lys and Arg were added to a basal diet (37.99% crude protein and 7.28% crude lipid) to provide graded levels of Lys and Arg. The experimental diets contained three Lys levels (2.51%, 2.11%, and 1.70% of total diet), and three Arg levels (1.41%, 1.80%, and 2.21% of total diet) and all combinations of these levels were tested. Pacific white shrimp, with a mean weight of 3.62±0.1 g, were randomly distributed in 36 fiberglass tanks with 30 shrimp per tank and reared on the experimental diets for 50 days. After the feeding trial, the growth performance, survival, feed conversion rate (FCR), body composition and protease and lipase activities in the hepatopancreases of the experimental shrimps were determined. The results show that weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), FCR, body protein, body Lys and Arg content were significantly affected by dietary Lys and Arg (P<0.05) and improved when dietary Lys and Arg levels were 2.11% 2.51% and 1.80% 2.21%, respectively. Protease and lipase activities in the hepatopancreases of the shrimps appeared higher when dietary Lys and Arg quantities were 2.11% 2.51% and 1.80% 2.21%, although the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Therefore, according to our results, the optimal Lys and Arg quantities in the diet of Pacific white shrimp, L. vannamei, were considered to be 2.11%-2.51% and 1.80%- 2.21%, respectively, and the optimal ratio to be 1:0.88-1:1.05.

Selection for growth performance of tank-reared Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Seven growth-related traits were measured to assess the selection response and genetic parameters of the growth of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, which had been domesticated in tanks for more than four generations. Phenotypic and genetic parameters were evaluated and fitted to an animal model. Realized response was measured from the difference between the mean growth rates of selected and control families. Realized heritability was determined from the ratio of the selection responses and selection differentials. The animal model heritability estimate over generations was 0.44±0.09 for body weight (BW), and ranged from 0.21±0.08 to 0.37±0.06 for size traits. Genetic correlations of phenotypic traits were more variable (0.51-0.97), although correlations among various traits were high (>0.83). Across generations, BW and size traits increased, while selection response and heritability gradually decreased. Selection responses were 12.28%-23.35% for harvest weight and 3.58%-13.53% for size traits. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.34±0.09 to 0.48±0.15 for harvest weight and 0.17±0.01-0.38±0.11 for size traits. All phenotypic and genetic parameters differed between various treatments. To conclude, the results demonstrated a potential for mass selection of growth traits in L. vannamei. A breeding scheme could use this information to integrate the effectiveness constituent traits into an index to achieve genetic progress.

Effects of dietary supplementation with tropical microfungi Mucor circinelloides and Trichoderma harzianum powder on growth performance,bacterial communities,and the biomass nutritional profile of white shrimp grow-out culture(Litopenaeus vannamei)

Microfungi have been explored further as supplement constituents in shrimp culture due to their rich protein,lipid,essential amino acids,fatty acids,and various bioactive compounds.The researchers have evaluated the effects of two microfungi powders(Mucor circinelloides and Trichoderma harzianum)as feed supplements on growth performance,bacterial communities,and the biomass nutritional profile of white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei).The results showed that commercial/artificial feed(Feng-Li)with supplementation microfungi powder had a different effect on white shrimp growth performance than control after 62 days of the grow-out period.Supplementation with 1.5%M.circinelloides powder(M-2)could improve the growth performance of white shrimp,especially the survival rate(81.33%),final body weight(5.21 g),and shrimp biomass(211.35 g).In contrast,supplementation with 1.5%T.harzianum powder(T-2)did not improve the growth performance of white shrimp compared to control(p>0.05).Furthermore,it also affected the profile of the bacterial community in culture water as well as in shrimp intestines.Supplementation with both microfungi could reduce the total number of bacteria in culture water at the end of the experiment,where the lowest number was obtained in treatment T-2(3.9×10^(5)CFU/mL),followed by M-2(9.9×10^(5)CFU/mL)and control(4.4×10^(6)CFU/mL).In the culture water,20 isolates of culturable bacteria were found during the trial,with the dominant bacteria in M-2:Bacillus cereus,Bacillus velezensis,Gordonia polyisoprenivorans,T-2:Acinetobacter sp.,Gordonia polyisoprenivorans,Micrococcus luteus.Based on average well colour development(AWCD),the highest bacterial activity was in the M-2(0.297-0.707),followed by T-2(0.226-0.717)and control(0.094-0.694).The highest substrate group utilised in M-2 and T-2 were polymers(0.896 and 1.348)and control:amines(0.100).The highest Shannon diversity index was obtained in the M-2(2.508),followed by control(2.286)and the T-2(2.157).As many as 11 isolates of culturable bacteria were found in the shrimp intestine,with dominant bacteria in M-2:Bacillus velezensis,Micrococcus luteus,Bacillus cereus,T-2:Bacillus velezensis,Micrococcus sp.2,Demequina activiva.The highest bacterial activity was in M-2(2.259),followed by control(2.020)and T-2(0.050).The highest substrate group utilisation was in M-2:polymers(2.564),T-2:carbohydrates(0.094),and control:polymers(2.185).The highest Shannon diversity index was in the M-2(3.234),followed by control(3.230)and the T-2(0.751).In addition,1.5%M.circinelloides and T.harzianum supplementation increased white shrimp muscle protein content up to 79.21%and 80.40%,respectively,compared to control(76.73%).In conclusion,using Mucor circinelloides powder as a feed supplement can improve the growth performance of white shrimp,increase the functional/probiotic bacteria:B.cereus and B.velezensis in cultur and shrimp’s intestine,and increase the protein content in shrimp muscle tissue.However,more in-depth research is needed,especially on anti-nutritional compounds from fungi that affect shrimp growth.

Dietary choline activates the Ampk/Srebp signaling pathway and decreases lipid levels in Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted in Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)to evaluate the effects of dietary choline supplementation on choline transport and metabolism,hepatopancreas histological structure and fatty acid profile,and regulation of lipid metabolism.Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different choline levels of 2.91(basal diet),3.85,4.67,6.55,10.70 and 18.90 g/kg,respectively.A total of 960 shrimp(initial weight,1.38±0.01 g)were distributed randomly into twenty-four 250-L cylindrical fiber-glass tanks,with each diet assigned randomly to 4replicate tanks.The results indicated that dietary choline significantly promoted the deposition of choline,betaine and carnitine(P<0.05).The diameters and areas of R cells,total lipid and triglyceride contents in hepatopancreas,and triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid contents in hemolymph were negatively correlated with dietary choline level.The contents of functional fatty acids in hepatopancreas,the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(Acc),and the mRNA expression of fas,srebp and acc were highest in shrimp fed the diet containing 4.67 g/kg choline,and significantly higher than those fed the diet containing 2.91 g/kg,the lowest level of choline(P<0.05).The number of R cells,content of very lowdensity lipoprotein(VLDL),activities of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase(Cpt1),lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase,and the mRNA expression levels of cpt1,fabp,fatp,ldlr,and ampk in hepatopancreas increased significantly as dietary choline increased(P<0.05).In addition,hepatopancreas m RNA expression levels of ctl1,ctl2,oct1,badh,bhmt,ck,cept,and cct were generally up-regulated as dietary choline level increased(P<0.01).In conclusion,dietary choline promoted the deposition of choline and its metabolites by up-regulating genes related to choline transport and metabolism.Moreover,appropriate dietary choline level promoted the development of hepatopancreas R cells and maintained the normal accumulation of lipids required for development,while high dietary choline not only promoted hepatopancreas lipid export by enhancing VLDL synthesis,but also promoted fatty acidβ-oxidation and inhibited de novo fatty acid synthesis by activating the Ampk/Srebp signaling pathway.These findings provided further insight and understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary choline regulated lipid metabolism in L.vannamei.

Effect of quercetin-containing preservatives and modified atmospheric packaging on the production of biogenic amines in Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

To investigate the productions of biogenic amines(BAs)in Pacific white shrimp treated by compound preservatives(P,0.05 g/L quercetin,0.025 g/L 4-hexylresorcinol,and 0.025 g/L cinnamic acid)in combination with modified atmosphere packaging(M,80% CO_(2)/10% O_(2)/10% N_(2)),four groups of samples treated with or without preservatives and alone or in combination with modified atmosphere packaging(A,A+P,M,M+P)during storage at 4℃for 12 days were analyzed.Most BAs increased in all samples,especially,putrescine and cadaverine.MAP inhibited the increase of most BAs(except for tyramine)and psychrotrophic bacterial counts.The inhibitory effect of the compound preservatives on bacterial growth and BAs was limited in aerobically-and MAP-stored samples,but they retarded the production of tyramine,which accumulated more rapidly in MAP.Lowest total BAs and bacterial counts were found in sample M+P(78.3 mg/kg and 5.82 log cfu/g,day 12),indicating that the combined treatment of the preservatives and MAP could reduce the risk of disorders caused by BAs.

Development and application of antibody microarray for white spot syndrome virus detection in shrimp

Detecting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp in high efficiency and veracity is important for disease prevention in aquaculture. Antibody-based microarray is a novel proteomic technology that can meet the requirements. In this study, we developed an antibody microarray for WSSV-detection in a specific and parallel way at multiple samples. First, seven slides each with different modifications were characterized by atomic force microscope, and were compared in the efficiency of immobilizing proteins. Of the seven, 3-dimensional structured agarose gel-modified slides were chosen appropriate for the microarray for having higher signal value and superior spot size. A purified rabbit anti-WSSV antibody was arrayed as the capture antibody of the microarray on the agarose gel-modified slides, and then the microarray slides were incubated in the tissue homogenate of sampled shrimp and the antibody-antigen complex was detected by Cy3-conjugated anti-WSSV monoclonal antibody. The results were measured by a laser chipscanner and analyzed with software. To obtain satisfied fluorescence signal intensity, optimal conditions were searched. The detection limit of the antibody microarray for WSSV is 0.62 μg/mL, with a proven long shelf life for 6 months at 4°C or 8 months at -20°C. Furthermore, concordance between antibody microarray and traditional indirect ELISA reached 100% for WSSV detection. These results suggest that the antibody microarray could be served as an effective tool for diagnostic and epidemiological studies of WSSV.

黄绿卷毛菇胞外多糖对南美白对虾冷藏期间品质的影响

真菌胞外多糖具有丰富的生物活性,其应用是天然多糖开发研究的热点。因此,该文以黄绿卷毛菇胞外多糖(Floccularia luteovirens exopolysaccharides,FEPS)为研究对象,测定其最低抑菌浓度与酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力,并探究复合溶液中真菌多糖浓度对南美白对虾4℃下冷藏品质的影响。结果表明:黄绿卷毛菇胞外多糖对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)为2.00 g/L,胞外多糖对酪氨酸酶活性具有一定的抑制作用,在1.5 g/L时对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和双酚酶的抑制率达到(47.67±0.49)%和(44.04±0.21)%。在南美白对虾贮藏中后期(3~12 d),1.0 g/L多糖复合液处理组在黑变程度、色泽、感官评分、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)含量、2-硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)值和菌落总数等方面,均优于其他处理组。综上,黄绿卷毛菇胞外多糖和普鲁兰多糖对南美白对虾保鲜具有协同作用,1.0 g/L多糖复合液可有效延缓南美白对虾品质的劣变速率,可将保质期延长至9 d。

海鲜菇对虾滑制品品质特性的影响

为研发出最佳的海鲜菇虾滑配方,根据海鲜菇虾滑制作的主要原料,以色差、质构、感官评分作为品质指标,探讨不同颗粒度、不同海鲜菇、淀粉、蛋清添加量对海鲜菇虾糜凝胶、虾滑的影响,制作出品质优良的海鲜菇虾滑。结果表明:匀浆颗粒的海鲜菇和虾滑可以较好融合,其虾滑白度较高;海鲜菇添加量为7%,虾糜凝胶及虾滑的a*值、凝胶强度、破裂力等达到最大值;淀粉添加量为5%,虾滑白度达到最大值,淀粉添加量过多有明显粉感,感官评分骤降;蛋清添加量为3%,虾滑白度、a*、凝胶强度均达到最大。正交试验优化得到最佳的海鲜菇虾滑配方为:7%海鲜菇匀浆、7.5%淀粉、3%蛋清。经营养成分分析,相比未添加海鲜菇的虾滑,此配方下海鲜菇虾滑的还原糖、膳食纤维、钠含量得到了显著提升(P<0.05)。

WSSV、IHHNV、EHP和NHPB四重荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

本研究以对虾白斑综合症病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV)的VP664基因、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(Infectious Subcutaneous and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus,IHHNV)的NSP2基因、虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei,EHP)的ssr RNA基因以及坏死性肝胰腺炎细菌(Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis Bacteria,NHPB)的16Sr RNA基因为检测对象,建立了WSSV、IHHNV、EHP和NHPB的四重荧光定量PCR方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏性进行了研究。结果表明,建立的四重荧光定量PCR方法特异性良好,对WSSV、IHHNV、EHP和NHPB的最低检测限为4.05 copies·μL^(-1)、6.53 copies·μL^(-1)、5.85 copies·μL^(-1)和6.18 copies·μL^(-1),本实验建立的方法具有较好的应用前景。

Shrimp arginine kinase being a binding protein of WSSV envelope protein VP31

Viral entry into the host is the earliest stage of infection in the viral life cycle in which attachment proteins play a key role. VP31(WSV340/WSSV396), an envelope protein of white spot syndrome virus(WSSV), contains an Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD) peptide domain known as a cellular attachment site. At present, the process of VP31 interacting with shrimp host cells has not been explored. Therefore, the VP31 gene was cloned into p ET30a(+), expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 and purifi ed with immobilized metal ion affi nity chromatography. Four gill cellular proteins of shrimp( Fenneropenaeus c hinensis) were pulled down by an affi nity column coupled with recombinant VP31(r VP31), and the amino acid sequences were identifi ed with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Hemocyanin, beta-actin, arginine kinase(AK), and an unknown protein were suggested as the putative VP31 receptor proteins. SDS-PAGE showed that AK is the predominant binding protein of VP31. An i n vitro binding activity experiment indicated that recombinant AK's(r AK) binding activity with r VP31 is comparable to that with the same amount of WSSV. These results suggested that AK, as a member of the phosphagen kinase family, plays a role in WSSV infection. This is the fi rst evidence showing that AK is a binding protein of VP31. Further studies on this topic will elucidate WSSV infection mechanism in the future.

实用饲料中棉籽浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和肌肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探究实用饲料中棉籽浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和肌肉品质的影响。在鱼粉含量为200 g/kg的基础饲料中,分别以0、52、104、156、208 g/kg棉籽浓缩蛋白等蛋白质替代基础饲料中0、25%、50%、75%、100%的鱼粉,制成5种等氮等脂试验饲料(FM20、FM15、FM10、FM5和FM0),并补充主要限制性氨基酸和胆固醇,饲喂初始体重为(1.20±0.05)g的凡纳滨对虾56 d。结果显示:与对照组(FM20组)相比,FM15、FM10组的生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05),FM5、FM0组的增重率分别下降13.3%、16.2%(P<0.05),饲料系数分别升高0.11、0.13(P<0.05);FM10、FM5、FM0组的出肉率显著降低(P<0.05)。在肌肉品质方面,各鱼粉替代组的体色以及肌肉质构特性(硬度、弹性、黏聚性、咀嚼性、剪切力)、常规成分与氨基酸(异亮氨酸和酪氨酸除外)含量和游离氨基酸、游离鲜味氨基酸总量与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05);各组在肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和胶原蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)、游离棉酚含量上也无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上可知,在鱼粉含量为200 g/kg的实用饲料中,在补充主要限制性氨基酸和胆固醇的条件下,棉籽浓缩蛋白可以替代100 g/kg(50%)的鱼粉而对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和肌肉品质没有显著影响。

膨化制粒和环模制粒工艺对饲料制粒加工质量和凡纳滨对虾生长性能的影响

研究比较了膨化制粒和环模制粒工艺对饲料制粒加工质量和凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用、肝胰腺和肠道组织学的影响。设计鱼粉质量分数为20%的基础饲料,分别采用环模制粒和膨化制粒的方式,生产硬颗粒饲料和沉性膨化颗粒饲料,在检测饲料制粒加工质量指标后,饲喂初质量为7.72 g的凡纳滨对虾6周。和硬颗粒饲料相比,沉性膨化颗粒饲料的容重、耐久性指数和淀粉糊化度显著增加(P<0.05),硬度和含粉率显著降低(P<0.05),但二者在溶失率上没有显著差异(P>0.05)。经过6周养殖后,沉性膨化颗粒饲料组的饲料系数显著低于硬颗粒饲料组(P<0.05),虾体增重率在数值上高于硬颗粒饲料组(P>0.05);二者在摄食量、成活率、含肉率、全虾组成和肝胰腺消化酶、糖代谢相关酶活性方面均无显著差异(P>0.05);在肝胰腺和肠道组织学方面,摄食沉性膨化颗粒饲料和硬颗粒饲料的凡纳滨对虾均表现为组织结构清晰完整,未见明显的损伤。沉性膨化颗粒饲料较硬颗粒饲料具有更优的加工性能和更高的饲料利用效率(更低的饲料系数),二者对于凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺消化酶、糖代谢相关酶活性和肝胰腺、肠道组织学方面具有基本一致的影响。

饲料中添加L-肉碱对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、消化能力及非特异性免疫力的影响

本试验旨在探究饲料中添加L-肉碱对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、消化能力及非特异性免疫力的影响。选择初始体重为(0.40±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾虾苗480尾,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复40尾虾。对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组饲喂L-肉碱添加水平分别为0.02%和0.04%的试验饲料。试验期8周。结果表明:1)0.04%L-肉碱组增重率和特定生长率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.04%L-肉碱组饲料系数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各组之间凡纳滨对虾存活率无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)0.02%L-肉碱组和0.04%L-肉碱组虾体水分含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各组之间凡纳滨对虾虾体粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)0.02%L-肉碱组肠道肌层厚度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各组之间凡纳滨对虾肠道绒毛高度无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)0.04%L-肉碱组肠道蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各组之间凡纳滨对虾肠道淀粉酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)0.04%L-肉碱组肝胰腺酸性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.02%L-肉碱组和0.04%L-肉碱组肝胰腺碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲料中添加适宜水平的L-肉碱可以改善凡纳滨对虾生长性能和饲料利用效率,提高对虾消化能力和非特异性免疫力。在本试验条件下,凡纳滨对虾饲料中L-肉碱的适宜添加水平为0.04%。

基于质构特性对复合虾糜凝胶性能的优化

目的:促进南极磷虾的精深加工,丰富虾糜制品的种类。方法:以南极磷虾肉与南美白对虾肉为主要原料,添加蜡质玉米乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯、蛋清粉、大豆分离蛋白、谷氨酰胺转氨酶等辅料,通过单因素试验以及响应面试验,得出虾丸的最佳制作配比。结果:虾丸的最佳制作配比:蜡质玉米乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯添加量为6.00%,蛋清粉添加量为5.00%,大豆分离蛋白添加量为5.00%,谷氨酰胺转氨酶添加量为0.50%,魔芋胶添加量为0.20%。结论:采用二段式加热的方式制作复合虾糜凝胶,通过添加外源添加剂,在改良复合虾糜凝胶质构特性的同时可以保证营养价值。

天津市海水南美白对虾养殖产业高质量发展评价

海水南美白对虾养殖是天津市海水养殖的主导产业,也是天津渔业经济高质量转型升级的重要组成部分。论文基于2016-2022年天津市海水南美白对虾养殖产业发展现状,构建了包含生产规模及条件、生产效率、科技创新支持、相关产业支持等4个维度的海水南美白对虾养殖产业高质量发展评价指标体系,运用熵值法对天津市海水南美白对虾养殖产业高质量发展水平进行评价,揭示了天津市南美白对虾养殖产业高质量发展的特征,并从养殖模式、养殖专业人员、产业发展和苗种培育等四个方面,提出了有利于产业高质量发展的对策建议,推动天津市海水南美白对虾产业优化升级。

3种对虾病毒囊膜蛋白对假型昆虫杆状病毒的包装与对虾组织亲嗜性的影响

为探究对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)3种囊膜蛋白VP19、VP24和VP28对其假型昆虫杆状病毒的包装与对虾组织亲嗜性的影响,本研究首先分析了过表达的上述3种囊膜蛋白在包装细胞(Sf9)中的亚细胞定位,然后通过共转染的方法分别构建了其假型杆状病毒:Bacmid-GUS/VP19、Bacmid-GUS/VP24和Bacmid-GUS/VP28,比较了上述3种假型杆状病毒的包装效率及其在感染对虾组织上的特异性。结果表明,过表达的VP19、VP24和VP28均可定位于包装细胞的细胞膜上,均能促进假型病毒的包装效率,并分别提高了14.1%、11.5%和11.7%,且携带不同囊膜蛋白的假型病毒在感染对虾成体时具有不同的最低感染剂量和不同的组织特异性。其中,假型病毒Bacmid-GUS/VP19和Bacmid-GUS/VP24仅能感染对虾成体的心脏和肌肉组织,且在单个对虾肌肉组织中两者的最低感染剂量分别为1×1011、1×108个具有生物活性的病毒颗粒数。而假型病毒Bacmid-GUS/VP28不仅能感染对虾的心脏和肌肉组织,还能感染对虾的鳃组织,且其在单个对虾鳃组织中的最低感染剂量为1×108个转导单位,在单个对虾肌肉组织中的最低感染剂量为1×109个转导单位。病毒感染对虾的成体组织的电镜分析结果提示,同哺乳动物细胞中的感染结果相似,假型昆虫杆状病毒在对虾成体组织中的感染也是复制缺陷的。本研究成果拓展了人们对于对虾WSSV病毒囊膜蛋白的生物学功能的认知,为假型昆虫杆状病毒介导的基因转移与表达系统的构建及其在对虾活体基因转移中的应用提供指导。

白斑综合征病毒PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

引起白斑综合征(White spot syndrome,WSS)的白斑综合征病毒(White spot syndrome virus,WSSV)是一种传播速度快、致死率高的对虾病毒,对全球对虾养殖业构成了严重威胁。为及早诊断WSS,防止WSS的传播和暴发,有必要开发一种适用于对虾养殖场所的高灵敏度WSSV检测方法。该文针对保守区VP28序列设计和优化了一种可以特异地扩增WSSV的聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测方法。WSSV扩增产物在凝胶电泳图上可观察到清晰且单一的目的条带,而非靶标病毒则没有对应扩增产物出现,最低检测限可以达到50拷贝/反应;利用该PCR方法检测杭州地区采集的112份对虾混样样品,WSSV阳性率为15.7%。该特异和灵敏的PCR方法可被应用于WSS流行早期监控。

当代虾题材青花艺术创作研究

当代虾题材青花艺术创作的兴起受到齐白石画虾、适宜的工艺技法、文化价值的挖掘、审美观念的变化等各种因素的影响。当代虾题材青花艺术创作方法主要包括素材的收集与构思、画面的构图、色调的变化、形态的塑造和整体的把握等。当代虾题材青花艺术创作具有重要的审美价值、工艺价值和自然价值。