Feature Based Machining Process Planning Modeling and Integration for Life Cycle Engineering

Machining process data is the core of computer aided process planning application systems.It is also provides essen- tial content for product life cycle engineering.The character of CAPP that supports product LCE and virtual manufacturing is an- alyzed.The structure and content of machining process data concerning green manufacturing is also examined.A logic model of Machining Process Data has been built based on an object oriented approach,using UML technology and a physical model of machin- ing process data that utilizes XML technology.To realize the integration of design and process,an approach based on graph-based volume decomposition was apposed.Instead,to solve the problem of generation in the machining process,case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning have been applied synthetically.Finally,the integration framework and interface that deal with the CAPP integration with CAD,CAM,PDM,and ERP are discussed.

IFC implementation in lifecycle costing

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is always a major concern in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. This paper presents the implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in the development of a lifecycle cost-estimating tool. The IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) model as an interoperable building information model has been adopted as the central data repository to deliver the integrated information of building designs from CAD design systems into the lifecycle-costing database. In this paper, the conceptions and relevant factors, which could affect the LCC estimation, have been introduced. The problems of current LCC applications have been identified as the lack of LCC data and the complexity of LCC exercises. The software application of IFC models and relevant auxiliary are depicted as a solution of the problem identified. The lifecycle costing tool is a part of the nD Modeling tool and as such is based on its integrated interface prototype toolkit and is able to holistically present an IFC model into a 3D virtual reality view, a tree-view and a list of element properties. The functions and some technical points are also detailed in the paper. Through the research, it demonstrates the potential and possibility of implementing BIM methods and techniques, particularly IFCs to enhance the computer applications in the processes of building construction and facility management.

Improvement of the Life Cycle Costing Method in DesignStage Using KBIMS Library

With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution,the construction industry has undergone a paradigm shift.The smart construction technology market is expected to grow 12%annually in developed countries due to advanced technology investments.It is expected that businesses requiring highly sophisticated technology,for instance companies that need their old facilities upgraded,will become the main focus of the market.As building information modeling(BIM)design is becoming mandatory,such as in the Korea Public Procurement Service,researches regarding building automation,construction,and operation integration management systems based on BIM are conducted.In addition,for construction projects of over 10 billion won,design value engineering(Design VE)implementation,including life cycle cost(LCC)analysis,is mandatory at the design stage to improve quality and reduce the lifetime costs of buildings.In this study,we propose an improvement plan for LCC analysis at the design stage using the KBIMS library,which is an open BIM library developed by the Korean government and research groups.We analyze the existing LCC method,KBIMS library,and attribute information,and model the process that is applied in the LCC analysis system.This is expected to complement the LCC analysis system and improve work productivity.

A Building Information Modeling-Life Cycle Cost Analysis Integrated Model to Enhance Decisions Related to the Selection of Construction Methods at the Conceptual Design Stage of Buildings

Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) provides a systematic approach to assess the total cost associated with owning, operating, and maintaining assets throughout their entire life. BIM empowers architects and designers to perform real-time evaluations to explore various design options. However, when integrated with LCCA, BIM provides a comprehensive economic perspective that helps stakeholders understand the long-term financial implications of design decisions. This study presents a methodology for developing a model that seamlessly integrates BIM and LCCA during the conceptual design stage of buildings. This integration allows for a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the design process, ensuring that the development aligns with the principles of low carbon emissions by employing modular construction, 3D concrete printing methods, and different building design alternatives. The model considers the initial construction costs in addition to all the long-term operational, maintenance, and salvage values. It combines various tools and data through different modules, including energy analysis, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) to execute a comprehensive assessment of the financial implications of a specific design option throughout the lifecycle of building projects. The development of the said model and its implementation involves the creation of a new plug-in for the BIM tool (i.e., Autodesk Revit) to enhance its functionalities and capabilities in forecasting the life-cycle costs of buildings in addition to generating associated cash flows, creating scenarios, and sensitivity analyses in an automatic manner. This model empowers designers to evaluate and justify their initial investments while designing and selecting potential construction methods for buildings, and enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions by assessing different design alternatives based on long-term financial considerations during the early stages of design.

Reliability-Based Full-Life Cycle Optimum Design of Offshore Jacket Platform

Based on the consideration of operation environment and structural property, an optimum design model of offshore jacket platform is developed in this paper, namely, the reliability-based full-life cycle optimum design model. In this model, the time-dependent reliability assessment method for structural members is established by combination of the decrease of sectional size and performance deterioration of material. The initial investment, maintenance cost and failure loss cost are assembled into the model. The total cost of the platform structure system in its full service period is chosen as the objective function, and the initial reliabilities of the layer elements partitioned in advance are taken as the design variables. Different models are obtained, depending on whether the system reliability constraint is considered or not. This optimum design model can result in the lowest full-life cost and the optimal initial layer reliability of an offshore jacket platform in the design of marine structures. The feasibility of this model is illustrated with an actual jacket platform in the Liaodong Gulf as an example.

基于改进GM(1,1)模型的变电站检修运维费用预测

针对变电站因设备的缺陷而引起的全寿命周期成本(life cycle cost,LCC)中检修运维费用拨付波动现象,分别采用传统的灰色GM(1,1)模型和组合改进的灰色GM(1,1)模型,对未来3年地市A的变电站检修运维费用进行预测,优化现有的成本拨付策略。结果表明,2种模型的预测精度等级均为一级,但改进后模型的平均相对误差及后验差比值均低于传统模型,说明改进模型比传统模型具有更高的预测精度,能够更好地预测变电站的检修运维费用。最后,利用改进的预测模型对某地市A的2019—2021年变电站检修运维费用进行预测。

基于InfoWorks ICM模型的城市小区LID组合方案成本效益研究

针对低影响开发(LID)雨水系统建设中存在成本与效益难以平衡的问题,选取甘肃省天水市某居住小区为研究对象,构建InfoWorks ICM一、二维耦合模型,以不同LID组合方案在不同降雨重现期下的径流总量控制率、径流峰值削减率、积水面积削减率、积水量削减率、固体悬浮物(SS)削减率、化学需氧量(COD)削减率为效益表征量,结合LID设施的生命周期成本定量分析成本效益。结果表明:包含绿色屋顶的LID组合方案成本效益偏低,但对于高重现期降雨具有较强的适应能力,更适用于暴雨频发地区;LID组合方案对于积水面积削减率与积水量削减率的成本效益较高,能有效缓解内涝积水,对于COD削减率的成本效益较低,需进一步优化;雨水桶+生物滞留设施+透水铺装作为总成本效益最高的方案,更适用于研究区域LID雨水系统的建设。研究成果对LID雨水系统的优化设计具有重要参考意义。

基于绿色建筑全寿命周期的增量成本与收益模型研究

基于绿色建筑全寿命周期理论,以现有绿色建筑评价标准为基础,分析绿色建筑全寿命周期内增量成本与增量收益,构建经济性评价模型,并对某绿色建筑项目进行评估与分析,打破绿色建筑“高消费”的固有模式,推动绿色建筑市场化、普及化,促进绿色建筑发展,加速低碳经济转型。

基于全寿命期的建设工程项目集成化管理模式研究

建设工程项目管理趋向于集成化,是解决传统管理中的不足和改善原有项目管理的重要方式。本文主要分析了建设工程项目的全寿命周期、集成化管理的基本情况,分析了建设工程项目集成化管理的优缺点和优化条件,以及集成化管理模式的具体优化方法,希望能够为建设工程项目集成化管理模式的顺利开展提供有效借鉴。

考虑改造扩建和安全效能成本的光储一体化充电站规划方法

在电动汽车的用户的持续增长的背景下,研究高效、经济的光储一体化充电站规划方法具有重要意义。从电网整体的角度出发,将设备改造扩建作为决策手段纳入到规划模型之中,考虑规划周期内新老设备交错、更替的影响以精确计算其资金时间价值,以安全效能成本(safety efficiency cost,SEC)为优化目标,提出了一种光储充一体化充电站的规划方法。首先,考虑各个种类设备的寿命周期和投运时间的不同,提出一种资金时间价值归算方法;然后基于电网整体角度,构建以光储一体化充电站新建、老式充电站改造和光储设备扩建为决策变量的SEC评价指标,并建立相应的规划模型;最后采用向量序优化算法对模型进行求解。基于仿真算例的结果表明,所提方法有效提升了光储充一体化充电站规划方案的综合效益及有效性。

Study on Influencing Factors and Planning Model of Mining Quantity about Mineral Resources in Open Pit

According to the particularity of the open pit, the main influencing factors of mining quantity about mineral resources have been summarized systematically in life cycle and the structured hierarchical relation of its influencing factors has been constructed. In the light of the production process of open pit, the functional relationships between investment, mining cost and mining quantity have been defined based on the process of mining and loading so that the relation of the life cycle cost and mining quantity can be set up. And what’s more, in order to obtain the maximum economic profit of mining enterprises in life cycle, the planning model of mining quantity has been established based on the life cycle cost. The rational distribution of mining quantity will have been found on the condition of obtaining optimal solution about the planning model so as to determine scientifically the production scale of mining enterprises from the point of view of the sustainable development.

油气企业研发项目全生命周期成本管理模式构建

油气企业研发项目全生命周期成本管理是当下我国科技管理创新中的热点和难点问题,也是石油行业科技创新的关注点。油气企业构建研发项目全生命周期成本管理模式,遵循合规性、一体化、协调化、数字化4个主要原则,对选题、立项、研究开发、验收结题、成果推广应用的全过程全要素进行综合管理。管理系统由研发项目需求与实施系统、全成本预算管理系统、全成本核算管理系统、成本绩效管理系统、成本管理与研发费用加计扣除支撑系统构成。模式运行需要从加强立项管理、完善费用预算与核算管理、强化成本管理评价与考核、推动费用合规加计扣除、建立项目管理信息平台5个方面做好保障措施,为支撑油气企业研发投入持续提升、推进高水平科技自立自强提供理论参考和管理依据。

基于风功率波动平抑的复合储能两次功率分配容量配置方法研究

针对风功率波动平抑场景,提出了一种锂电池-超级电容复合储能容量配置新方法,将容量配置划分为复合储能总功率分配和内部功率解耦两个过程。首先采用自适应时间窗小波包方法平滑风电功率,可根据风波动情况自适应规划滤波时间窗,在时间窗内自适应确定小波包分解层数,兼顾整体风功率平滑和局部风电功率跟踪,减小了复合储能系统总功率;然后基于多项式拟合滤波(Savitzky-Golay,SG)解耦内部功率,在此基础上构建以寿命周期净效益最大为目标的复合储能容量配置模型,并提出一种改进哈里斯鹰算法(improved elite Harris hawks optimizer,IEHHO)求解模型。该算法通过引入精英等级策略加强优势个体的信息共享,并提出非线性能量函数和高斯随机游走策略平衡各阶段搜索能力,避免限于局部最优。最后,基于实际风电场数据验证了所提策略的有效性、所提算法的高效性及配置方案的合理性。

降低火电调频损耗的混合储能系统容量优化配置双层模型

针对如何在降低火电机组调频损耗,提高系统调频性能的同时减小储能全寿命周期成本,提出了一种混合储能辅助火电机组参与自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)的双层优化配置模型。上层模型由基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)的火电–混合储能间AGC指令分配策略和计及全寿命周期内成本收益之差、AGC综合评判指标Kp的多目标优化配置模型组成,为底层模型提供AGC初步分解指令和功率、容量约束;底层模型由计及储能荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)恢复的混合储能控制策略和火电–混合储能调频响应模型组成,将经过EMD初步分解的AGC指令再次分配给各调频资源,并向上层模型提供各调频资源出力响应曲线和SOC变化曲线;采用基于优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)的多目标粒子群算法求解该双层模型,避免了传统多目标粒子群算法在Pareto解集中确定全局最优解的偶然性。基于华北某电厂运行数据开展仿真分析,结果表明混合储能双层优化配置模型可以有效降低火电机组调频损耗,显著提高火储联合调频系统经济性,为混合储能辅助传统调频电源提供配置方案参考。

抽水蓄能机组全生命周期成本建模、估算与系统开发

抽水蓄能机组作为电网资源密集型设备,存在着运维模式难以满足相应经济性和可靠性要求,管理方案缺乏科学先进的理论方法指导等问题。文章提出基于全生命周期成本理论的抽水蓄能机组全生命周期成本参数建模方法,研究抽水蓄能机组运行年限内成本架构,挖掘机组成本数据特征,分析成本计算模型在实际企业运营成本工作中的应用。结合实际数据、运用智能算法,对设备全生命周期成本模型进行参数修正与趋势分析,获得较优精度全生命周期成本估算结果。该结果对设备运维工作进行经济优化,为电力企业运营工作提供参考方案。

铁路信息系统全生命周期质量与风险评估体系研究

随着我国铁路业务的不断增长,铁路网络安全和信息化建设发展迅速。铁路信息系统种类繁多、数量庞大,为保证“十四五”时期铁路信息系统有序开展统型、升级、改造,必须对其进行全生命周期的质量控制,识别从立项到废止的全过程中产生的各类安全风险,从而保障铁路业务平稳运营。文章结合能力成熟度整合模型(CMMI,Capability Maturity Model Integration)和全生命周期,从生命周期、质量和风险评估过程这3个维度,构建了铁路信息系统质量与风险评估体系,分析提出铁路信息系统质量风险识别清单,可协助快速定位其安全风险点。

杭州某近零能耗居住建筑空调形式对比

暖通空调系统能耗约占建筑总能耗的50%,相比照明等其他建筑能耗具有较大的节能潜力。本文以杭州某近零能耗居住建筑为基础,运用DesignBuilder建立了3种适用于居住建筑的空调系统模型——分体空调+独立新风系统、多联机+独立新风系统及热泵型新风环境控制一体机系统,对比分析了其全年空调运行能耗。选取热泵型新风环境控制一体机系统进行了能耗实测对比,验证了模型的准确性。同时以全寿命周期成本为经济性指标,比较了3种空调系统的经济效益,为夏热冬冷地区近零能耗居住建筑空调系统形式的选择提供参考。

支持无人机设计的全寿命周期成本建模技术研究

在无人机设计阶段对相关成本进行分析评估,引入按费用设计理念,对于控制无人机装备指标参数与复杂程度、鉴别高费用设计、修正设计进程、提高标准化程度,进而降低全寿命周期费用,实现技术与经济的最佳匹配,达到最优效费比,将起到极其重要的作用。本文分析了一种无人机全寿命周期成本估算框架,研究了无人机全寿命周期成本体系架构,提出了无人机飞机平台全寿命周期成本估算模型,将该模型在某型无人机上进行验证,可以用于无人机研制过程中的设计方案权衡分析和基于成本的设计优化。

考虑碳排放的孤岛综合能源系统多目标规划优化

针对孤岛依赖传统化石能源供能引起的污染及碳排放高的问题,提出了一种考虑碳排放的孤岛综合能源系统多目标规划优化方法。在构建设备模型的基础上,考虑气候参数波动对可再生能源出力的影响,逐时模拟系统全年运行情况,以系统的生命周期成本及生命周期二氧化碳排放为优化目标,结合非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ构建了孤岛综合能源系统多目标规划优化模型,采用加权平均算子对优化结果决策;以烟台某孤岛为例,分析了以典型日和全年逐时数据作为模型输入对规划结果的影响,探究了可再生能源设备投资变化和天然气价格以及风光装机和蓄电池容量对优化目标的影响,获得了不同目标权重下各设备的最优容量。结果表明,配置可再生能源及蓄电池可使生命周期二氧化碳排放降低26.95%~55.96%,但当生命周期二氧化碳排放权重由0.6增至1.0时,主要依赖增加蓄电池装机容量降低碳排放,生命周期成本增加210.13%,而生命周期二氧化碳排放仅降低8.59%。该孤岛综合能源系统规划方法为决策者在孤岛规划综合能源系统时权衡低碳成本和能源供应经济性提供了参考。