Review of Power Supply and Distribution Construction Technology for Highway Electromechanical Engineering

In recent years,China has made significant progress in the construction of highways,resulting in an improved highway network that has provided robust support for economic and social development.However,the rapid expansion of highway construction,power supply,and distribution has led to several challenges in mechanical and electrical engineering technology.Ensuring the safe,stable,and cost-effective operation of the power supply and distribution system to meet the diverse requirements of highway operations has become a pressing issue.This article takes an example of a highway electromechanical engineering power supply and distribution construction project to provide insight into the construction process of highway electromechanical engineering power supply and distribution technology.

Daily rolling estimation of carbon emission cost of coal-fired units considering long-cycle interactive operation simulation of carbon-electricity market

The high overlap of participants in the carbon emissions trading and electricity markets couples the operations of the two markets.The carbon emission cost(CEC)of coal-fired units becomes part of the power generation cost through market coupling.The accuracy of CEC calculation affects the clearing capacity of coal-fired units in the electric power market.Study of carbon–electricity market interaction and CEC calculations is still in its initial stages.This study analyzes the impact of carbon emissions trading and compliance on the operation of the electric power market and defines the cost transmission mode between the carbon emissions trading and electric power markets.A long-period interactive operation simulation mechanism for the carbon–electricity market is established,and operation and trading models of the carbon emissions trading market and electric power market are established.A daily rolling estimation method for the CEC of coal-fired units is proposed,along with the CEC per unit electric quantity of the coal-fired units.The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through an example simulation,and the factors influencing the CEC are analyzed.

Annual Report of SGCC on Transactions of Electric Power Market in 2009

Market construction Overview In 2009, the electric power market expanded continuously. New installed capacity put into production within the coverage of the State Grid Corporation

Analysis on the Mode and Competitive Strategy of Electricity Sales in the Background of Electric Power System Reform

A new round of reform of the power system conforms to the national development of the energy revolution and the reform of the electricity market system. As an important promoter of the energy revolution and power reform, a new round of power system reform has brought profound changes to the energy industry and the power industry and the electricity market system has changed dramatically. With the release of the electricity market, market competition intensified. This paper analyzes the competition strategy of electricity sales market, analyzes the characteristics of market participants such as power generation enterprises, power grid enterprises, electricity sales companies and users, and puts forward the corresponding coping strategies to help the market participants to deal with the opportunities and challenges brought by power system reform, provide guidance and reference for the market participants.

Effect of Market Power in Electricity Markets

The main objective of this paper is to show an overview analysis of market power issues.Market power reflects the scarcity of power supply.It is the ability of a particular seller or group of sellers to maintain prices profitably above competitive levels for a significant period of time.Because the electric power system has its own characteristics that are different to other economic systems,both physical factors and economic factors of power system are key elements on this definition.We study some cases here,including different line limit levels,load levels and bid strategy through a market model based on OPF (optimal power flow) with a decommitment algorithm.

Risk and applied research of Chinese electricity power market futures

Electric power market is the lifeblood of business survival, electric power is the power of marketing the company＇ s core business and it is related to the survival and development of the electricity business. Power supply enterprises are to strengthen management, improve efficiency, and reduce costs, we must establish a customer-oriented new concept ＂big marketing, big market, big serve,＂ through the analysis of the current electricity market environment, we can develop appropriate marketing power strategy to effectively open up the electricity market and improve power enterprises in the market economy ＇ s competitiveness.

Profit-Based Optimal Operation of a Head-Dependent Hydroelectric Power Station in the Bilateral Market

Deregulation and liberalization of electric power industry, among other things, has created new requirements for the market participants. The power system engineer, operator, and, in general, the market participants are being faced with requirements for which they do not have adequate training and the proper software tools. In this framework, among others, a pure hydro-generation company has to operate its hydro units, throughout the operating day, trying to fulfill the market clearing schedule or a bilateral contract, and modify the program in the intra-day energy markets if necessary （or more suitable） as real-time operation is getting closer. In this scenario the objective is to maximize the hydroelectric power plant profit from selling energy in the spot market or by means of bilateral contracts. In this paper the optimal operation of a head-dependent hydroelectric power station in bilateral market-short-term hourly hydro resource scheduling for energy is obtained.

Status and Perspective of Demand Resource Market in Korea＇s Electric Power Industry

This paper calls attention to the demand resource market in Korea which opened in 2008 to reduce customers＇ consumption at critical times and, at the same time, secure the load that can be shut down. In Korea, the demand resource market is operated by either forward market or spot market. The discussion here is limited to the operations of the demand resource spot market. As the demand response program has matured in the smart grid environment, KPX （Korea Power Exchange） will shortly complete the development of the real-time demand resource trading system, taking into account an integrated dispatch system.

Power-Gas-Power可再生能源氢电耦合系统核心工艺设计

绿色、低碳是人类能源利用方式转变的发展趋势,但可再生能源的随机性、间歇性和波动性与电网在时间-空间维度的不协调限制了其充分利用。氢能是高效、绿色可持续的二次能源,电解水制氢技术是目前绿氢的主要来源。Power-Gas-Power氢电耦合系统是以氢储能为媒介,调节能量的储存和转化,是缓解弃风、弃光等问题的有效手段。系统总结了Power-Gas-Power可再生能源氢电耦合系统四个核心工艺的设计过程,包括可再生能源发电系统、绿氢制取系统、绿氢储存系统和燃料电池发电系统,最后指出了可再生能源氢电耦合应用过程面临的问题和相关对策。

Study on Electromagnetic Transient Condition of EMU Passing by Phase-separation with Electric Load in High-speed Railway

Aiming at the complex electromagnetic transient process of EMU passing by phase-separation with electric load in high-speed railway, mechanism of overvoltage caused by switching off, overvoltage caused by switching on and impact current is analyzed systematically in this article. π-type equivalent circuit of feeding section is put forward in the analysis of overvoltage mechanism. Overvoltage and overcurrent model of passing by phase-separation with electric load are also built. Correctness of mechanism was validated by simulation. In addition, the methods to solve the influence on substations, transformers and protection devices in this process are put forward, which provides a new idea on passing by phase-separation with electric load technology.

Experiences of the Electricity System Operator Incentive Scheme in Great Britain

National Grid is the electricity system operator in Great Britain and has an unique feature in so far as it is one of the world’s few for-profit system operators. In addition, the commercially orientation of the British market rules means that nearly every action taken by National Grid to operate the system has a cost associated to it. Based on those factors and in order to encourage National Grid to seek continuous improvements and drive for efficient and economic system operation, the regulator (Ofgem) offers an incentive scheme, whereby a target is agreed annually and any savings in relation to this target are shared between consumers and National Grid in the form of a profit. It is in National Grid’s best interest to have mechanisms to mitigate the impacts of volatility in the costs it faces as system operator so that it can implement cost saving actions without the risk of windfall losses (or gains) arising from sudden changes in uncontrollable drivers. The purpose of this paper is to share the experiences of National Grid in the operation of Great Britain's electricity system, with a special interest on the mechanisms created to manage the associated costs in response to the incentive scheme. It does so by describing the market operation in Great Britain and the costs drivers impacting National Grid’s system operation and illustrating the steps recently taken by National Grid to propose volatility mitigation mechanisms. It concludes with the rationale and expected results from the latest proposals as consulted with the industry for introduction in the incentive scheme starting on 1st April 2011. It is worth noting that with this work, the authors wish to both share the experience with other system operators and regulators in the world, as well as give British market participants an insight on the inner workings of National Grid.

The Security Correction of Large Consumers Long-Term Direct Power Trading Based on DC Power Transfer Distribution Factor

The experiments of large consumers direct power trading is conducting in china nationwide, and it’s important to the reform of electricity market. To compensated efficiencies in security correction of large consumers direct power trading, a novel security correction method based on DC power transfer distribution factor was proposed. Using the presented method to comply security correction, all the transactions that satisfy the specific requirements of maximizing social welfare are able to enter security correction process, and when the power of transmission line is out of limit, this method avoid the transaction which causes this problem is abandoned directly by introducing supplement transactions. The simulation has shown that the proposed security correction method of large consumers direct power trading based on DC power transfer distribution factor is effective.

The Research about the Trans-provincial Centralized Bidding Trading Market of East China Power Grid --II:Model Analysis

In this paper a novel cost function based on the relationship between operation cost of unit and generation load rate is employed in an agent-based model of Trans-provincial Centralized Bidding Trading Market of East China Grid. Simulation results are compared to real data to prove that the model is correct. Further analysis on simulation results point out the way to achieve an all-win game for power market members: generation companies improve their average load rates of the units by selling their electricity in the market, which makes units' cost drop and settlement price stay lower than benchmark price. Consequently electricity-demand provinces saved expenses, and units increase their profits. In conclusion, the trans-provincial electricity market of East China Power Grid is a successive case which improves the efficiency of the electricity industry by market-oriented measures.

Optimal Control and Bidding Strategy of Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Generation

A Virtual Power Plant (VPP), aggregating the capacities of distributed energy resources (DER) as a single profile, provides presence of DERs in the electricity market. In this paper, a stochastic bidding model is proposed for the VPP to optimise the bids in the day-ahead and balancing market, with the objective to maximise its expected economic profit. The performance of proposed strategy has been assessed in a modified commercial VPP (CVPP) system with wind generation installed, and also the results are compared with the ones achieved from other commonly-used strategies to verify its feasibility.

A Practical Framework for Pricing of Backup Reserve and Wheeling in Power System

This paper presents a practical pricing model for backup reserve and wheeling, which attains a balanced strategy that ensures perceived benefits to both the buyer and the seller. The model and the associated computerized algorithm deal collectively with diverse issues, including： （1） fulfilling local firm real （and reactive） power demand requirements, （2） fulfilling local power reserve requirements, （3） buying firm real （and reactive） power from the grid, （4） buying reserve power from the grid, （5） exporting firm real （and reactive） power demand to remote load centers via the grid, （6） exporting reserve power via the grid, （7） wheeling of firm power demand to remote owned sites using the grid, and （8） wheeling reserve power to remote owned sites using grid. Practical implementation features of the computerized algorithms are also discussed with an illustrative case example.

计及光伏和储能接入的牵引供电系统能量管理策略

近年来,为实现电气化铁路“双碳”目标,多项铁路用能优化举措投入实施并取得一定成效,然而,单靠能耗优化治标不治本。为根治电气化铁路碳排放问题,在保证系统稳定运行的基础上,基于智能电网理念,提出计及光伏和储能接入的牵引供电系统能量管理策略。首先,构建计及光伏和储能接入的牵引供电系统;然后,基于电力市场电价及新能源出力,采用日前联合调控、日内滚动调节和实时优化控制铁路用能,并通过分层分级优化,打破各“源”端相对独立、各自为政的壁垒,实现多能互补;最后,通过共享储能模式,降低储能装置闲置率并提高新能源利用率。仿真结果表明,该能量管理策略可在保障系统运行稳定和安全的基础上有效地降低系统的运行成本,同时保持良好的电能质量。

不同碳减排政策交互影响下发电企业交易策略

在双碳目标和电力系统转型背景下,发电企业的交易策略会发生重要转变。基于可再生能源配额制的实施,综合考虑碳排放权市场和绿证市场,探究了发电企业参与电力市场的最优决策。首先搭建了在多政策情形下市场主体参与交易的市场架构,理清各市场中的供求关系。随后建立发电企业利润函数,以发电企业利润最大化为目标,并分别在非合作博弈和合作博弈两种情况下,建立发电企业的最优生产交易模型。最后通过算例分析检验该交易模型,为发电企业在多种政策影响下参加电力市场交易提供依据。

适应新型电力系统的电力互替品市场——(一)理念与构想

新型电力系统重塑了能源生产消费结构,电力市场机制也需随之改变。首先,分析指出提升系统调节能力是新型电力系统下市场机制设计的首要目标;围绕该目标给出了市场机制应具备的特点,包括利于激发调节动力、释放调节能力、接纳各种新型调节资源等。其次,对世界各国现货市场普遍采用的分时交易机制进行了分析,指出其与新型电力系统存在诸多不适应之处,包括市场主体调节贡献无法被量化表征,市场主体连续运行特性与分时交易机制相矛盾、调节能力难以完全释放,以及难以满足海量柔性资源直接参与电力市场的需求等。为此,文中舍弃分时交易的方式,转而提出整体交易机制与电力互替品概念,介绍了形成与交易电力互替品的主要思路,并以电力互替品为核心构想了新型市场机制。该机制可通过调节责任划分量化各主体调节贡献,激发市场主体的调节动力;同时,也能促进市场主体主动优化自身运行方式,释放调节能力;具有易于扩展的优势,可轻松接纳新型电力系统下层出不穷的各类新型主体。