AIM:To compare the performance of three commercially available anti-human epidermalgrowth factor receptor 2(HER2)antibodies in whole-tissue sections and tissue microarrays(TMAs)of a series of gastric tumors.METHODS:We...AIM:To compare the performance of three commercially available anti-human epidermalgrowth factor receptor 2(HER2)antibodies in whole-tissue sections and tissue microarrays(TMAs)of a series of gastric tumors.METHODS:We present a comparative analysis of three anti-HER2 antibodies(HercepTest,4B5 and SP3)using TMA and whole-tissue sections prepared from the same paraffin blocks of 199 gastric adenocarcinomas operated upon between January 2004 and December2008 at a Brazilian cancer hospital.The data on the patients’age,sex,the anatomical location of the tumor and the Lauren’s histological classification were collected from clinical and pathological records.The immunohistochemical(IHC)results were examined by two pathologists and the cases were classified as positive(3+),equivocal(2+)and negative(0 or 1+),according to the criteria of the IHC scoring system of gastric cancer.TMAs and whole-tissue sections were evaluated separately and independently.All cases yielding discordant IHC results and/or scored as 2+were subjected to dual-color in situ hybridization in order to determine the final HER2 status.Besides determining the sensitivity and predictive value for HER2-positive status,we measured the accuracy of each antibody by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The agreement between the results obtained using the TMAs and those obtained using the whole-tissue sections was assessed by means of Kappa coefficient.RESULTS:Intratumoral heterogeneity of HER2 expression was observed with all antibodies.HER2-positive expression(3+)in the whole-tissue sections was observed in 23 cases(11.6%)using the 4B5 antibody,in 18 cases(9.1%)using the SP3 antibody and in 10 cases(5.1%)using the HercepTest antibody.In the TMAs,11 positive cases(5.6%)were identified using SP3 antibody,9(4.6%)using the 4B5 antibody and 6(3%)using the HercepTest antibody.The sensitivity using whole-tissue sections and TMA,respectively,was 95.2%and 42.9%with 4B5,90.5%and 66.7%with SP3 and 47.6%and42.9%with HercepTest.The accuracy,calculated from the area under the ROC curve,using whole-tissue sections and TMA,respectively,was 0.91 and 0.79 by 4B5,0.86 and 0.80 by SP3 and 0.73 and 0.71 by HercepTest.The concordance of the results obtained using wholetissue sections and TMA was 97.4%(Kappa 0.75)using HercepTest,85.6%(Kappa 0.56)using SP3 and 84.1%(Kappa 0.38)using 4B5.CONCLUSION:The use of the 4B5 antibody on wholetissue sections was the most accurate IHC method for evaluating HER2 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma.展开更多
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze chemical elements—major, trace and rare earth elements (REE) concentrations, augmented with quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and ...Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze chemical elements—major, trace and rare earth elements (REE) concentrations, augmented with quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thin-section petrography for mineralogical characterization of the Triassic Montney Formation in northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Results from this study indicate that integration of chemical elements with mineralogy shows affinity to the host lithologies. Evidently, chemical elements are the building blocks for minerals, thus, their significances in the interpretation of geological systems are unambiguous. Herein, major elements concentration such as Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, Mn in the samples analyzed from the Montney Formation are interpreted as: 1) indication of dolomitization and diagenesis;2) trace elements—Rb, Th, U, and Cs are related to the organic matter—kerogen in the clay component of the Montney Formation source rock;and 3) transition metals—Sc, V, Co, Cr, Zn show strong affinity with diagenesis in the study interval.展开更多
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)<span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span></span><s...Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)<span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">was used to analyze </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'}', serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">chemical elements—</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">major, trace and rare earth elements</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">(REE) concentrations, </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:" color:#222222;"=""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">augmented with quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thin-section petrography for</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'}', serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">mineralogical characterization of the Triassic Montney Formation in northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Basin (WCSB). Results from this study indicate</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">that integration of chemical elements with mineralogy shows affinity to the host lithologies. Evidently, chemical elements are the building blocks for minerals, thus, their significances</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">in the interpretation of geological systems are unambiguous. Herein, major elements concentration such as Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, Mn in the samples analyzed from the Montney Formation are interpreted as: 1) indication of dolomitization and diagenesis;2) trace elements—Rb, Th, U, and Cs are related to the organic matter—kerogen in the clay component of the Montney Formation source rock;and 3) transition metals—Sc, V, Co, Cr, Zn show strong affinity with diagenesis in the study interval.</span></span>展开更多
文摘AIM:To compare the performance of three commercially available anti-human epidermalgrowth factor receptor 2(HER2)antibodies in whole-tissue sections and tissue microarrays(TMAs)of a series of gastric tumors.METHODS:We present a comparative analysis of three anti-HER2 antibodies(HercepTest,4B5 and SP3)using TMA and whole-tissue sections prepared from the same paraffin blocks of 199 gastric adenocarcinomas operated upon between January 2004 and December2008 at a Brazilian cancer hospital.The data on the patients’age,sex,the anatomical location of the tumor and the Lauren’s histological classification were collected from clinical and pathological records.The immunohistochemical(IHC)results were examined by two pathologists and the cases were classified as positive(3+),equivocal(2+)and negative(0 or 1+),according to the criteria of the IHC scoring system of gastric cancer.TMAs and whole-tissue sections were evaluated separately and independently.All cases yielding discordant IHC results and/or scored as 2+were subjected to dual-color in situ hybridization in order to determine the final HER2 status.Besides determining the sensitivity and predictive value for HER2-positive status,we measured the accuracy of each antibody by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The agreement between the results obtained using the TMAs and those obtained using the whole-tissue sections was assessed by means of Kappa coefficient.RESULTS:Intratumoral heterogeneity of HER2 expression was observed with all antibodies.HER2-positive expression(3+)in the whole-tissue sections was observed in 23 cases(11.6%)using the 4B5 antibody,in 18 cases(9.1%)using the SP3 antibody and in 10 cases(5.1%)using the HercepTest antibody.In the TMAs,11 positive cases(5.6%)were identified using SP3 antibody,9(4.6%)using the 4B5 antibody and 6(3%)using the HercepTest antibody.The sensitivity using whole-tissue sections and TMA,respectively,was 95.2%and 42.9%with 4B5,90.5%and 66.7%with SP3 and 47.6%and42.9%with HercepTest.The accuracy,calculated from the area under the ROC curve,using whole-tissue sections and TMA,respectively,was 0.91 and 0.79 by 4B5,0.86 and 0.80 by SP3 and 0.73 and 0.71 by HercepTest.The concordance of the results obtained using wholetissue sections and TMA was 97.4%(Kappa 0.75)using HercepTest,85.6%(Kappa 0.56)using SP3 and 84.1%(Kappa 0.38)using 4B5.CONCLUSION:The use of the 4B5 antibody on wholetissue sections was the most accurate IHC method for evaluating HER2 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma.
文摘Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze chemical elements—major, trace and rare earth elements (REE) concentrations, augmented with quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thin-section petrography for mineralogical characterization of the Triassic Montney Formation in northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Results from this study indicate that integration of chemical elements with mineralogy shows affinity to the host lithologies. Evidently, chemical elements are the building blocks for minerals, thus, their significances in the interpretation of geological systems are unambiguous. Herein, major elements concentration such as Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, Mn in the samples analyzed from the Montney Formation are interpreted as: 1) indication of dolomitization and diagenesis;2) trace elements—Rb, Th, U, and Cs are related to the organic matter—kerogen in the clay component of the Montney Formation source rock;and 3) transition metals—Sc, V, Co, Cr, Zn show strong affinity with diagenesis in the study interval.
文摘Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)<span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">was used to analyze </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'}', serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">chemical elements—</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">major, trace and rare earth elements</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">(REE) concentrations, </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:" color:#222222;"=""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">augmented with quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thin-section petrography for</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'}', serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">mineralogical characterization of the Triassic Montney Formation in northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Basin (WCSB). Results from this study indicate</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">that integration of chemical elements with mineralogy shows affinity to the host lithologies. Evidently, chemical elements are the building blocks for minerals, thus, their significances</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">in the interpretation of geological systems are unambiguous. Herein, major elements concentration such as Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, Mn in the samples analyzed from the Montney Formation are interpreted as: 1) indication of dolomitization and diagenesis;2) trace elements—Rb, Th, U, and Cs are related to the organic matter—kerogen in the clay component of the Montney Formation source rock;and 3) transition metals—Sc, V, Co, Cr, Zn show strong affinity with diagenesis in the study interval.</span></span>