Effects of Whole-plant Corn Silage and Whole-plant Wheat Silage on Growth Performance and Economic Benefits of Beef Cattle

[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the effects of whole-plant corn silage and whole-plant wheat silage on growth performance and economic benefits of beef cattle.[Methods]Thirty Simmental crossbred cattle were selected and randomly divided based on their weight into two groups,15 cows in each group,with an average weight of 398 kg.Each group was fed the same concentrated feed,and the whole-plant corn silage and wheat silage were fed as roughage feed,respectively.The experimental period was 90 d.[Results](1)There was no significant difference in the initial weight of beef cattle between test group 1 and test group 2(P>0.05).Compared with group 2,group 1 had a higher final weight,average daily gain,and dry matter intake of beef cattle,without significant differences(P>0.05).Group 1 was 0.58%,1.99%,and 1.43%higher than group 2,respectively.The feed-to-gain ratio of test group 1 decreased by 0.54%compared with test group 2(P>0.05),with no significant difference therebetween.(2)The economic benefit of group 1 was 11.45 yuan/(day·capita),while the economic benefit of group 2 was 2.41 yuan/(day·capita),and group 1 was 9.04 yuan/(day·capita)higher than group 2.[Conclusions]Whole-plant corn silage for feeding beef cattle has the advantages of good weight gain and low breeding cost,and can be popularized in beef cattle fattening.

Key Points of Simple Cultivation Technique for Whole-plant Silage Maize in Guangxi

With the vigorous development of animal husbandry in Guangxi,feed problems have become increasingly prominent.Silage maize has the characteristics of rapid growth,high nutritional value,easy digestion and absorption,and a large amount of biological output being obtained in a short time.It is one of the ideal basic feeds for cattle and sheep and other breeding industries.Based on this,the simple cultivation technique of whole-plant silage maize was summarized from the aspects of land preparation,selection of maize variety,sowing,field management,pest control and timely harvesting,so as to provide technical reference for scientific planting of silage maize in Guangxi.

Effects of Proportion of Dry Matter in Different Organs on Neutral Detergent Fiber Content in Silage Corn

[ Objective] To investigate the effects of proportion of dry matter of different organs in whole-plant dry matter on neutral detergent fiber （NDF） content in silage com. [ Metbod] A total of 36 crosses were developed from nine inbred lines, according to complete diallel crossing design. The NDF contents and proportion of dry matter in different organs were statistically analyzed. [ Result] The NDF contents were significantly different between different organs of silage corn, and the proportion of dry matter and NDF content had significant correlation in different organs. The wholeplant NDF content was positively correlated with the proportion of dry matter in straw, stem and leaf as well as bract and spike-stalk, but it was negatively correlated with the proportion of dry matter in ear. [Conclusion] TO reduce NDF content in straw and to increase grain yield are efficient ways to improve quality of silage corn.

混播对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响

黑龙江省北部地区气候寒冷,适宜作物生长的时间短,目前绝大多数青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)品种在此种植均表现为籽实成熟差(或无籽实)和水分含量过大,严重影响青贮饲料品质。该地区也种植个别极早熟籽实玉米品种,但植株矮小,地上生物产量低。把不同生育期玉米品种混播混收,不但可以获得较高的生物产量,还可以收获较多的玉米籽实产量,增加碳水化合物含量,从而促进乳酸发酵,改善青贮饲料品质。通过对3个不同生育期的玉米品种进行间行混播混收和同行混播混收试验,探讨了混播对不同品种玉米生育阶段、主要农艺性状、产量和饲用品质的影响,结果表明:混播对于各品种玉米生育阶段和主要农艺性状影响不显著;混播显著提高干物质产量和饲用品质;应用Milk2000指数进行品质和产量综合评价,结果为:间行混播>同行混播>海玉8号>中原单32>东青1号。

湿玉米纤维饲料的营养价值评定

试验通过对湿玉米纤维饲料(WCGF)与常用粗饲料(羊草、全株玉米青贮和苜蓿),以及与玉米营养成分进行比较,对WCGF营养价值进行系统的评定。通过开展WCGF与3种常用粗饲料(羊草、全株玉米青贮和苜蓿),以及与玉米的化学组分、氨基酸组成、瘤胃降解率进行比较研究。试验结果表明:与常用粗饲料相比,WCGF粗蛋白(CP)高于羊草和玉米青贮(P<0.05)。中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和钙(Ca)处于最低水平(P<0.05),而磷(P)含量处于最高水平,不可利用纤维(CC)(%CHO)含量低(P<0.05),谷氨酸(Glu)、亮氨酸(Leu)和脯氨酸(Pro)则高于其他3种常用粗饲料(P<0.05)。有效降解CP和有效降解NDF均高于其他3种常用粗饲料(P<0.05);与玉米营养成分相比,WC-GF淀粉含量显著低于玉米(P<0.05);CP、NDF、ADF、P和灰分含量显著高于玉米(P<0.05);WCGF氨基酸含量、中度降解蛋白(PB2)(%CP)、可利用纤维(CB2)(%CHO)和有效降解CP显著高于玉米(P<0.05)。结论:WCGF含有较高含量的可消化纤维、粗蛋白和氨基酸,是理想的非饲草的纤维性饲料。

BAF单系统处理玉米青贮渗出液主要影响因素分析

采用单级曝气生物滤池系统处理玉米青贮渗出液,考察水力负荷、气水比、有机负荷和滤床高度对BAF系统运行的影响。研究结果表明：当水力负荷从0.5 m3/（m2.h）升高到3.0 m3/（m2.h）过程中,COD和NH3-N的去除率先升高后降低,当水力负荷为1.5 m3/（m2.h）时,COD和NH3-N的去除率达到最大,分别为83.5%和74.9%;增加气水比使得系统中溶解氧充足,可明显提高COD和NH3-N去除率,当气水比为3.5：1时,COD和NH3-N的去除率达到最大,分别为87.5%和75.2%;低有机负荷不利于COD和NH3-N的去除,当有机负荷（以COD计）为2.4kg/（m3.d）时,COD和NH3-N去除率分别为49.6%和58.5%,但过高的有机负荷对NH3-N去除率影响较大,当有机负荷为7.2 kg/（m3.d）时,NH3-N去除率为61.7%;滤床高度对硝化反应去除NH3-N影响较大,NH3-N生物硝化反应去除行为主要发生在0.6~1.0 m区域,因此,适当增加滤床高度可以提高NH3-N去除率;采用BAF系统处理玉米青贮渗出液是可行的,为同类废水处理和控制农村水环境质量提供借鉴。

天津市全株玉米青贮质量评价分析

试验选取天津市6个区21个不同规模奶牛养殖场全株玉米青贮饲料,进行感官评分及营养指标评分,对全株玉米青贮饲料质量进行综合评价。结果表明,天津市全株玉米青贮质量优良,综合评分评为优良的有16个,占总数的76.19%,评价为一般的有5个,占总数的23.81%,未出现青贮质量差的情况。

青贮玉米新品种‘明青贮1号’制种大区比较试验

研究不同父母本配比和种植方式对青贮玉米新品种——明青贮1号制种产量的影响,结果表明:当采用父母本按1∶2同畦种植,制种产量最高,每667 m^2可达193.2 kg。