Defence force activities in marine protected areas:environmental management of Shoalwater Bay Training Area,Queensland,Australia

Environmental management of military activities is of growing global concern by defence forces. As one of the largest landholders in Australia, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is increasingly concerned with sustainable environmental management. This paper focuses on how the ADF is maintaining effective environmental management, especially in environmentally sensitive marine protected areas. It uses Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) as a research example to examine environmental management strategies conducted by the ADF. SWBTA is one of the most significant Defence training areas in Australia, with a large number of single, joint and combined military exercises conducted in the area. With its maritime component contained in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), and abutting Queensland’s State Marine Parks, it has high protection values. It is therefore vital for the ADF to adopt environmentally responsible management while they are conducting military activities. As to various tools employed to manage environmental performance, the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) is widely used by the ADF. This paper examines military activities and marine environmental management within SWBTA, using the Talisman Saber (TS) exercise series as an example. These are extensive joint exercises conducted by the ADF and the United States defence forces. The paper outlines relevant legislative framework and environmental policies, analyses how the EMS operates in environmental management of military activities, and how military activities comply with these regulations. It discusses the implementation of the ADF EMS, including risk reduction measures, environmental awareness training, consultation and communication with stakeholders. A number of environmental management actions used in the TS exercises are presented to demonstrate the EMS application. Our investigations to this point indicate that the ADF is complying with all relevant legislation and policies. Further research is required to confirm compliance and conclude that military activities have good accord with environmental management objectives.

Review of Groundwater Protection and Management in China

This review begins with an introduction of groundwater resources in China and their distribution characteristic,followed by an elaboration of the exploitation and utilization of groundwater and the negative environmental effects from groundwater overexploitation, and a description of the existing groundwater protection and management measures. At last, the existing problems in groundwater protection and management, with some suggestions, are presented.

The Important Role of Quality Management in Environmental Monitoring

Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing task of environmental monitoring,the number of environmental monitoring institutions is increasing.It should strengthen quality management to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of environmental monitoring results.

A Review of the History and Development of Integrated Pest Management(IPM)

The evolvement of IPM has experienced several significant stages. IPM is an ecosystem as a governance unit. It allows the presence of low numbers of pests because a direct or indirect relationship between biological species and their associated environmental living conditions could keep a long-term ecological balance. IPM also emphasizes overall benefits; it is necessary to integrate all kinds of safe, effective, economic, and simple managements as far as possible. When synthesizing and coordinating various managements, effective control object, effective time limit, effective scope, and effective degree of the individual method should be analysed first. The ultimate goal of IPM is for the sustainable development of agriculture. In the future IPM system engineering, crop resistance, the role of natural enemies, agricultural control, and the application of biological control technologies will be greatly strengthened, and the role of chemical pesticides will be significantly reduced. Safe, effective, and long-lasting control of pest populations will be below the level of harm caused, which could protect the ecological environment and the health of people and livestock, and promote the development of production.

Is adaptive management helpful for developing new harvesting technique and equipment

Faced with the conflict between the environmental protection and timber production, the concept of new forestry and the effect of new forestry objectives on existing harvesting techniques and equipment have been introduced. Adaptive management-a help tool for developing new harvesting techniques and equipment has been proposed. An adaptive approach for developing a forest harvesting for new forestry should be composed of careful planing, considerable hypotheses, detailed testing and evaluating as well as correct and fast feedback. New forestry practices are by no means easy because the complexity of the problem and almost every thing is new. We will see more successful new harvesting techniques and equipment being developing by adaptive approach for new forestry in the future.

Geospatial Assessment for Sustainable Management of Mangroves in Kilifi Creek, Kenya

Mangroves are salt-tolerable trees that grow on zones parallel to the coastline along the creeks. They follow the mud flat accretions which are unvegetated areas consisting of sand or gravel that are either exposed or flooded by tides. They provide 70% of the wood requirement along the Kenyan Coast. Currently, there are no harvest plans of the mangroves and there is selective removal of suitable poles and most of the quality poles have been wiped out. This not only leaves the inferior species unsuitable for the market but also affects the quality of the forest. Moreover, areas that are suitable for mangroves growth have been occupied by human settlement and infrastructure, hence, there is a need of sustainable use of the mangroves so as to protect them from degradating and eventually extinction. To achieve this, geospatial techniques need to be employed in order to determine the spatial extent of the vegetation and devise methods and plans of managing them. The Kilifi Mangrove Forest creek is home to major six species: Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia alba J., Rhizophora mucronata, Lumnitzera racemosa and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. This study showed that the most dominant species in the forest is Avicenna Marina which had a percentage stand of 25.6%. The less dominant species Lumnitzera racemosa and Heritiera littoralis had a stand of 0.10% which were restricted for harvesting in the analysis, they need to be protected so as to prevent its extinction in the forest which will affect the biodiversity and richness of the forest. Density and heights of the mangroves were considered so as to decide on which areas to do reforestation in order to protect the forest and help in preventing soil erosion. The final suitable area for harvesting after carrying out conditional and majority filter was 394 acres which are 9% of the total forest area. The total area most suitable for reforestation is 1151 acres which are 27% of the total Kilifi Mangrove Forest. A recommendation for proper harvesting plans should be made by identifying suitable sites for harvesting and areas which showed low mangrove stand density should be identified and necessary measures should be taken to restore them.

A holistic approach to creating a new yangtze river basin protection legislation

The protection of the Yangtze River Basin is a top priority in China,and the National People's Congress(NPC)Standing Committee has started to draft a new protection legislation specifically for the Yangtze River Basin.The Basin forms the epicenter of environmental,social,and economic life.Any efforts to protect the Basin must accommodate several competing interests from a multiplicity of interested parties and stakeholders such as local governments,villages,and business enterprises.Current relevant institutions and organizations are unable to sufficiently ensure environmental protection and green development in the Basin.The NPC Standing Committee must thus adopt a more holistic approach when creating new protection legislations aimed at the Yangtze River Basin.

Considerations on Research of Environmental Risk Prevention and Control in “12th Five-Year Plan” Period

Along with the environmental pollution causes complexity and diversity increases ceaselessly, “national environmental protection” Twelfth Five “planning” (hereinafter referred to as “planning”) will be the environmental risk prevention as the “12th Five-Year Plan” one of the important tasks, including advancing environmental risk management in the whole process, key areas the environmental risk prevention measures. The whole process environmental risk management covers a risk source recognition, receptor vulnerability assessment, environmental risk characterization, risk decision and risk assessment of accident loss. This article from the environmental risk source classification, environmental risk classification management, environmental emergency response and environmental risk and insurance environment four aspects put forward the “12th Five-Year Plan” whole process environmental risk management content, to further reduce our country environmental pollution accident risk and policy makers to provide some decision support.

Research on Innovation of Engineering Project Management Mode and Intelligent Management

In order to realize the standardization and normalization of environmental protection project management.This paper uses the literature method to study the current status of the existing project management mode,and points out the problems:lack of a sound project management system,insufficient information application of project management,and unclear decentralization in project management;on this basis,this paper proposes optimization strategies from the aspects of perfecting the engineering project management system,clarifying the allocation of project management authority,and strengthening the construction of engineering project management information.And put forward the future development trend of project engineering management,on the basis of two mainstream management modes of BOT(Build-Operate-Transfer)and EPC(Engineering Procurement Construction),build a standardized project management platform to achieve intelligent management.Realize intelligent management of engineering project management to achieve standardization and standardization,greatly improving the efficiency of project management.

Research on Restoration and Intelligent Management of the Global Village

A sharp rebound in global energy emissions in 2018 is disappointing as the carbon-dioxide data monitored by mon ppm,hawaii reached 415.09 on may 3,the highest level in at least 800,000 years.We are well known to emit 0.272 kg of carbon dust,0.997 kg of carbon dioxide(C02),0.03 kg of sulfur dioxide(S02),0.015 kg of nitrogen oxides(NOX)and huge amounts of heat to the earth for each electricity we use a 1 degree thermal power plant.Therefore,the full use of renewable energy instead of fossil energy,not only to achieve reduction.The effective measures to open the era of boiler and automobile cold emission are also the trend of the development of national environmental protection and energy strategy.

“监督机制”还是“掏空行为”:超额聘任独立董事与企业环保投资

以2007—2021年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,深入探究超额聘任独立董事对企业环保投资的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:超额聘任独立董事对企业环保投资具有显著的促进作用,验证了超额聘任独立董事属于一种“监督机制”;超额聘任独立董事通过抑制管理层短视和大股东掏空行为来促进企业进行环保投资;在重污染行业、两职合一以及独立董事薪酬较低的企业中,超额聘任独立董事对企业环保投资的促进作用更显著。

化工安全生产与环境保护管理措施研究初探

关注污水处理与环境保护管理,涵盖污水处理基本概念、处理方法、过程及其对环境与健康的影响。污水处理旨在去除污水中的有害物质,包括固体颗粒、有机物、无机物,通过化学、生物和物理方法实现;处理过程包括预处理、一级处理、二级处理、三级处理、消毒和最终处理,确保排放水质达标;不当处理可能导致环境污染和健康问题,污水处理对环境有积极影响,保护水资源和生态系统,对公共健康而言,正确处理有助于减少疾病传播风险。

环境问责风险与重污染企业审计费用——基于中央生态环境保护督察的准自然实验研究

本文以2008-2017年我国A股上市制造业企业为样本,以中央生态环境保护督察组进驻为准自然实验,以重污染制造业企业为实验组、非重污染制造业企业为对照组,构建多期双重差分模型,检验环境问责制对重污染企业审计费用的影响。研究发现,环境问责制显著降低重污染企业的审计费用;机制检验发现,环境问责制通过提升重污染企业绿色治理水平、会计信息质量和管理层语调可靠度,来降低重污染企业审计费用;异质性检验发现,在政企关联强、风险承担水平低、地区公众环境关注高的企业,环境问责制对重污染企业审计费用的影响更显著。本研究拓展了中央生态环境保护督察的微观后果,为规范环境风险挑战下重污染企业的审计定价、优化环境规制体系提供理论与决策依据。

化学实验室环保技术和管理的探索与实践

实验室在运行过程中,存在试剂种类复杂、检验项目多、标准化程度低等情况,分析了环保管理问题产生的原因,阐述了实验室的环境影响因素,讨论了“三废”的排放标准、计算方法、现有的治理技术,提出了实验室“三废”减量、按期监测、合规转移等全流程管理建议。

遥感技术在农业资源与土壤环境综合监测上的应用

近年来,遥感技术和遥感设备已被普遍应用于农业资源与土壤环境综合监测中,且在农业生产、环境保护和自然资源管理等几个方面成效卓著。但是,土壤问题依然影响着人类的生态文明建设,制约着人类健康和发展的稳定性。随着国内外对土壤问题研究和调查的不断深入,针对性提出的一系列解决方案和政策措施在一定程度上改善了土壤环境问题,但也暴露出监测技术不足、监测方法亟待改进等很多新问题。本文综述了遥感监测技术在农业生产、环境保护和自然资源管理三个方面的应用现状,重点对遥感监测手段、遥感技术在土壤监测方面的应用进行了较全面的阐述,对现有工作中存在的问题进行总结,并对今后的发展方向做出展望。

增负还是减负:环境保护税与企业税收负担

文章采用2015—2022年上市公司面板数据,构建三重差分模型探讨环境保护税对重污染企业税收负担的影响。研究发现:环境保护税对重污染企业减负具有积极作用,推动企业致力于绿色研发创新和向下盈余管理来降低税收负担。环境保护税显著降低了非国有企业以及地方环保监管严、税收征管强地区重污染企业的税收负担。据此,提出积极落实《环境保护税法》、优化环境保护税污染排放的税收减免和优惠政策、制定差别化征收的环境保护税税率等政策建议。

税收法定视角下环境保护税征管探究

环境保护税征管过程中,税率核定应客观,防止行政税收裁定、优惠的权力滥用;污染物计税当量检测标准应统一,防止第三方数据造假;环境保护税涉税协作共享,资料数据复核机制建构;以及征管机制完善及专业人员征缴保障等方面,需要强化、补充。构建税收缴纳争议协商解决机制、司法诉讼程序特殊机制以及公益诉讼介入机制。纳税主体逃缴环境保护税,税务机关在稽查之事实认定、证据审查方面,应由环境保护部门先行确认,应事先事实清楚,证据充分,行政相对人无异议,可追究其逃税之行政、刑事法律责任,确保程序正义与实体正义并重。

引江济淮工程施工期环保工作管理与实践

大型引调水工程具有规模大、建设周期长、建设占地多、弃土弃渣多、施工期对环境影响大等特点。面对国家对环境治理的逐渐加大和对环境保护工作的高标准和严要求,做好施工期的环境保护工作不能在表面做样子,而是必须采取一系列手段和措施去落实,保证工程建设的绿色发展。根据引江济淮工程施工期环保管理与实践,提出相应的环境管理要点。