A hierarchically structured tin-cobalt composite with an enhanced electronic effect for high-performance CO_(2) electroreduction in a wide potential range

Earth-abundant and nontoxic Sn-based materials have been regarded as promising catalysts for the electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)to C1 products,e.g.,CO and formate.However,it is still difficult for Snbased materials to obtain satisfactory performance at low-to-moderate overpotentials.Herein,a simple and facile electrospinning technique is utilized to prepare a composite of a bimetallic Sn-Co oxide/carbon matrix with a hollow nanotube structure(Sn Co-HNT).Sn Co-HNT can maintain>90%faradaic efficiencies for C1 products within a wide potential range from-0.6 VRHE to-1.2 VRHE,and a highest 94.1%selectivity towards CO in an H-type cell.Moreover,a 91.2%faradaic efficiency with a 241.3 m A cm^(-2)partial current density for C1 products could be achieved using a flow cell.According to theoretical calculations,the fusing of Sn/Co oxides on the carbon matrix accelerates electron transfer at the atomic level,causing electron deficiency of Sn centers and reversible variation between Co^(2+)and Co^(3+)centers.The synergistic effect of the Sn/Co composition improves the electron affinity of the catalyst surface,which is conducive to the adsorption and stabilization of key intermediates and eventually increases the catalytic activity in CO_(2)electroreduction.This study could provide a new strategy for the construction of oxide-derived catalysts for CO_(2)electroreduction.

Speckle structured illumination endoscopy with enhanced resolution at wide field of view and depth of field

Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)is one of the most widely applied wide field super resolution imaging techniques with high temporal resolution and low phototoxicity.The spatial resolution of SIM is typically limited to two times of the diffraction limit and the depth of field is small.In this work,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a low cost,easy to implement,novel technique called speckle structured illumination endoscopy(SSIE)to enhance the resolution of a wide field endoscope with large depth of field.Here,speckle patterns are used to excite objects on the sample which is then followed by a blind-SIM algorithm for super resolution image reconstruction.Our approach is insensitive to the 3D morphology of the specimen,or the deformation of illuminations used.It greatly simplifies the experimental setup as there are no calibration protocols and no stringent control of illumination patterns nor focusing optics.We demonstrate that the SSIE can enhance the resolution 2–4.5 times that of a standard white light endoscopic(WLE)system.The SSIE presents a unique route to super resolution in endoscopic imaging at wide field of view and depth of field,which might be beneficial to the practice of clinical endoscopy.

Classification Criteria of Narrow/Wide Ice-ResistantConical Structures Based on Direct Measurements

Ice-induced structural vibration generally decreases with an increase in structural width at the waterline. Definitions of wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures, according to ice-induced vibration, are directly related to structure width, sea ice parameters, and clearing modes of broken ice. This paper proposes three clearing modes for broken ice acting on conical structures: complete clearing, temporary ice pile up, and ice pile up. In this paper, sea ice clearing modes and the formation requirements of dynamic ice force are analyzed to explore criteria determining wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures. According to the direct measurement data of typical prototype structures, quantitative criteria of the ratio of a cone width at waterline(D) to sea ice thickness(h) is proposed. If the ratio is less than 30(narrow conical structure), broken ice is completely cleared and a dynamic ice force is produced; however, if the ratio is larger than 50(wide conical structure), the front stacking of broken ice or dynamic ice force will not occur.

A highly stable membrane with hierarchical structure for wide pH range flow batteries

A membrane with high stability and ion conductivity in wide pH range is essential for energy storage devices.Here,we report a novel membrane with hierarchical core-shell structure,which demonstrates high stability and ion conductivity,simultaneously under a wide pH range applications.Spectral characterizations and theoretical calculation indicate that the non-solvent induces the chain segment configuration and eventually leads to polymer-polymer phase separation,thus forming hierarchical porous core-shell structure.Benefiting from this structure,an acidic vanadium flow battery(VFB)with such a membrane shows excellent performance over 400 cycles with an energy efficiency(EE)of above 81%at current density of 120 mA cm^(-2) and an alkaline zinc-iron flow battery(AZIFB)delivers a cycling stability for more than 200 cycles at 160 mA cm^(-2),along with an EE of above 82%.This paper provides a cost-effective and simple way to fabricate membranes with high performance for variety of energyrelated devices.

Adjustment of Land Use Structure Based on County-wide Economic Development: A Case Study of Changfeng County

On the basis of survey of current land use situation in Changfeng County,this paper analyzed land use structure,trend and environment of structural adjustment. Besides,it explored county-wide land use structure mode,namely, " division + indicator + policy". Through reasonable distribution,it is expected to build proper land use structure framework,avoid passive situation of relying on policies simply,and bring into play stability keeping function of land use structure,so as to promote county-wide economic development,and bring into play countywide lever function of rural transition areas.

Study on crust-mantle tectonics and its velocity structure along the Beijing-Huailai-Fengzhen profile

In order to investigate the interrelations of crust and upper mantle tectonics and its velocity distribution as well as seismicity in the Yanhuai basin and its surrounding area, a nearly EW trending Beijing Huailai Fengzhen wide angle reflection/refraction profile, which obliquely passes through seismic zone of Zhangjiakou Bohai Sea and coincides with a deep reflection profile in the Yanhuai basin, was completed recently. The results show: The crust presents layered structures and its thickness gradually increases from 35.0 km in Shunyi to 42.0 km in the west end of the profile; the interior crustal interfaces appear approximately horizontal or slowly sloping down from east to west; In the Yanhuai basin, the crust presents the characteristics of higher velocities alternating with the lower ones and the low velocity bodies obviously exist in the lower part of upper crust. Moreover, there are two deep crustal fault zones which stretch to the Moho discontinuity, are closely related with the seismicity in the Yanhuai area.

The Crust-Mantle Structure in Zhangbei-Shangyi Earthquake Area

The seismic data obtained from the wide angle reflection and refraction profiles that pass through Zhangjiakou area of Hebei Province were interpreted. Some conclusions drawn from the result are as follows: (1) The nearly EW-trending Zhangbei-Chongli crustal fault zone and WNW-trending Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone meet in the Zhangbei earthquake (Ms = 6.2) area; (2) At the intersection, the two deep crustal fault zones that stretch to the Moho and the discontinuities of interfaces within the crust form the path for large area basalt eruption in Hannuoba; (3) In the earthquake area, the local velocity reversal in the middle-upper crust and abnormal low velocity zone in the lower crust imply that the magmatic activity there is still fairly violent; and (4) The recent activity of Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone may be the main cause of the Zhangbei earthquake.

Crustal velocity structures and their tectonic implications in different tectonic block regions of the Chinese mainland

In this paper, the typical velocity structures and average velocities of the crust in six different active tectonic block regions are presented on the basis of previous studies and their tectonic implications are discussed. The results show that different tectonic units have different features of crustal velocity structures. In general, there are low velocity distributions in the crust in regions with strong tectonic activities, and the scales of low velocity distributions are related to the tectonic activities. The average velocities are relatively low in such regions. This reflects strong crustal deformation and the variations of states of matter in the crust resulting from strong tectonic movements. These regions are also seismically active zones frequented by strong earthquakes. Therefore, studying crustal velocity structures of these regions is of great importance to understanding crustal geodynamic process and seismogenic tectonic background.

Structured scene modeling using micro stereo vision system with large field of view

This paper presents a method for structured scene modeling using micro stereo vision system with large field of view. The proposed algorithm includes edge detection with Canny detector, line fitting with principle axis based approach, finding corresponding lines using feature based matching method, and 3D line depth computation.

Exploration and Research of Deep Crustal Structures in the Zhangzhou Basin and Its Vicinity

The Zhangzhou basin is located at the middle section of the southeast coast seismic zone of the mainland of China. Using high-resolution refraction and wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic profiling of Zhangzhou basin and its vicinity, we have obtained the crustal geometric structure and velocity structure as well as the geometric configuration and structural relationship between the deep and shallow fractures.The results show that the crust in the region is divided into the upper crust and lower crust. The thickness of the upper crust is 16.5km～18.8km, and that of the lower crust is 12.0km～13.0km. The upper crust is further divided into an upper and lower section. In the lower section of the upper crust, there is a low-velocity layer with a velocity of about 6.00km/s; the depth of the top surface of the low-velocity layer is about 12.0km, and the thickness is about 5.0km. The lower crust is also divided into an upper and lower section. The depth of Moho is 29.0km～31.8km. There are 6 normal faults in the shallow crust in this region, and most of them extend downwards to a depth of less than 4km, the maximum depth is about 5km.Below the shallow normal faults, there is a conjectural high-dip angle deep fault zone. The fault zone extends downwards till the Moho and upwards into the low-velocity layer in lower section of the upper crust. The deep and shallow faults are not tectonically connected. The combination character of deep and shallow structures in the Zhangzhou basin indicates that the Jiulongjiang fault zone is a deep fault zone with distinct characteristics and a complex deep and shallow structure background. The acquisition of deep seismic exploration results obviously enhanced the reliability of explanation of deep-structural data and the exploration precision of the region. The combination of deep and shallow structures resulted in uniform explanation results. The delamination of the crust and the characteristic of the structures are more precise and explicit. We discovered for the first time the combination characteristics of extensional structures and listric faults in the upper crust. This is not only helpful to the integrative judgment of earthquake risk in Zhangzhou and its vicinity, but also of importance for deepening the knowledge of deep dynamic processes in the southeast coast seismic zone.

Isolation Enhancement in a Compact Four-Element MIMO Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Mutual coupling reduction or isolation enhancement in antenna arrays is an important area of research as it severely affects the performance of an antenna.In this paper,a new type of compact and highly isolated Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO)antenna for ultra-wideband(UWB)applications is presented.The design consists of four radiators that are orthogonally positioned and confined to a compact 40×40×0.8 mm3 space.The final antenna design uses an inverted L shape partial ground to produce an acceptable reflection coefficient(S11<−10 dB)in an entire UWB band(3.1–10.6)giga hertz(GHz).Moreover,the inter-element isolation has also been enhanced to>20 db for majority of the UWB band.The antenna was fabricated and tested with the vector network analyzer(VNA)and in an anechoic chamber for scattering parameters and radiation patterns.Furthermore,different MIMO diversity performance metrics are also measured to validate the proposed model.The simulation results and the experimental results from the constructed model agree quite well.The proposed antenna is compared with similar designs in recently published literature for various performance metrics.Because of its low envelope correlation coefficient(ECC<0.1),high diversity gain(DG>9.99 dB),peak gain of 4.6 dB,reduced channel capacity loss(CCL<0.4 b/s/Hz),and average radiation efficiency of over 85%,the proposed MIMO antenna is ideally suited for practical UWB applications.

The v_P Velocity Structures of Sub-blocks in the North China Craton from Active Source Waveform Modeling and Tectonic Implications

We present the 1-D crustal velocity structure of the major tectonic blocks of the North China Craton(NCC)along 36°N based on synthetic seismogram modeling of long-range wide-angle reflection/refraction data.This profile extends from southwest Yan’an of central Shaanxi Province of China(109.47°E),across the southern Trans-North China Orogen(TNCO),the southwestern part of the North China Plain(NCP),the Luxi Uplift(LU)and the Sulu Orogen(SLO),ending at Qingdao City of Shandong Province,the eastern margin of China(120.12°E)along 36°N.We utilized reflectivity synthetic seismogram modeling of the active source data to develop 1-D velocity structures of the sub-blocks of the NCC.Our final model shows that the NCC crust varies remarkably among the tectonic units with different velocity structure features.Higher lower crustal velocity and Moho depth^42 km is a major feature of the crust beneath southern Ordos Blockt.The TNCO which is composed of Lyuliangshan Mountains(LM),Shanxi Graben(SXG)and Taihangshan Mountains(TM)shows dominant trans-orogenic features.The NCP shows a dominant thickening of sediments,sharp crust thinning with Moho depth^32 km and significant lower average velocity.The SLO and the LU shows a stratified crust,higher average velocity and crust thinning with Moho depth of^35 km.Our model shows the coincidence between the deep structure and the surface geology among all the tectonic sub-blocks of the NCC.

胶东牟乳成矿带邓格庄金矿区深部构造特征及成矿预测

牟乳成矿带是胶东重要的金成矿带之一,为金矿集中分布区,是国内外金矿勘探和研究的热点。近年来,胶东金矿成矿规律和找矿理论不断取得新认识,尤其是热隆—伸展成矿理论的提出为深部找矿提供了理论基础。热隆—伸展成矿理论更加凸显出构造对金成矿的重要意义,深部构造研究由此显得尤为重要。广域电磁法是何继善院士团队研发的一种人工源频率域电磁勘探方法.

紫花苜蓿CNGC基因家族成员鉴定及分析

环核苷酸门控通道(CNGC)基因家族作为非选择性阳离子通道基因家族之一,在植物信号转导、生长发育和环境胁迫等生理过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究利用生物信息学手段和转录组数据对紫花苜蓿CNGC家族成员的进化关系、基因结构、保守基序、顺式作用元件、染色体定位、共线性关系以及基因表达进行分析。结果表明,紫花苜蓿MsCNGC基因家族成员有16个,在染色体上不均匀分布,存在片段重复,大多数蛋白定位于细胞质膜。系统发育树将MsCNGCs为4个亚家族。基因结构和保守基序分析表明,都含有cNMP/CNBD和ITP功能域。顺式作用元件分析表明,MsCNGCs基因含有许多与非生物或生物胁迫和激素响应元件。MsCNGC4和MsCNGC7.2蛋白之间存在互作。MsCNGC基因具有组织表达特异性。MsCNGC基因对干旱、盐和激素等非生物胁迫均有显著的响应,为进一步研究MsCNGC基因在调控非生物胁迫过程中的潜在功能提供了理论依据。

种植模式与密度互作对高粱冠层结构及生产潜能的影响

以辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所选育品种辽糯22为材料,设置等行距种植与宽窄行种植两种种植模式,97 500株/hm2、10 500株/hm2、11 250株/hm2、12 000株/hm2等4个种植密度,测定分析农艺性状、冠层结构特征、干物质积累、产量及产量构成因素等指标。结果表明,提高种植密度增加了籽粒产量,降低了单穗粒重和千粒重,增加了高粱株高,降低了茎粗、穗长、茎叶夹角和叶片垂直率,与等行距种植相比,宽窄行种植模式叶片空间分布更合理,干物质积累和产量具有明显优势。

限制调频范围的不对称多模式宽输出LLC变换器

频率控制的传统LLC谐振变换器往往受限于开关频率的有效调节范围,难以实现宽输出电压范围,为此,研究了一种限制调频范围的不对称多模式宽输出LLC谐振变换器。采用双谐振腔且对应两变压器变比不同的不对称结构,能够根据原边开关组合的不同,使得双谐振腔分别工作在单半桥、双半桥和半桥+全桥3种不同的模式,从而获得3种不同的电压增益,并且保证每种模式之间归一化增益调节范围不超过1.5,可以在窄开关频率范围内实现宽输出电压范围。建立300 W的实验样机,验证了所提变换器可实现1~3倍的宽输出电压范围,并且实现了原边开关管的零电压开通和副边二极管的零电流关断,具有良好的软开关性能,验证了变换器的可行性。

宽带数字波束形成中的分数延时滤波器设计优化

在宽带数字波束形成处理中,一个关键问题是对阵列天线接收到的信号进行包络延时补偿。解决该问题的基本方法是通过分数延时滤波器对输入信号进行延时。本文主要讨论Farrow结构的分数延时滤波器设计优化方法,以便于工程应用。

小型无人机载横滚-俯仰结构光电载荷前向对地扫描技术研究

针对小型无人机平台光电载荷的挂载方式以及应用需求,提出了基于横滚-俯仰结构光电载荷实现前向对地宽区域扫描的技术方案。构建了扫描状态数学模型,提出了光电载荷依据平台参数实现扫描幅宽最大化的控制参数寻优方法,通过算例数据分析了寻优方法的合理性,并测试了寻优方法的实时性特点;采用仿真方法和挂飞方法测试了光电载荷前向对地宽区域扫描的技术状态。测试结果表明:扫描控制参数寻优方法得到的参数是最优的,在目标嵌入式平台上运行耗时少于40 ms,具备在线实时优化能力;所提扫描方法在一定平台扰动下仍可以较好地实现前向对地连续覆盖,扫描中视场重叠率是动态变化的,越靠近扫描边缘区域相邻视场的重叠范围越小;扫描范围应选取横向两端扫描控制点间所夹区域,避免扫描边缘区域因重叠率过小而产生漏扫现象。

宽热滞NiTiNb形状记忆合金在混凝土结构主动约束加固中的应用研究进展

形状记忆合金(SMA)是一种性能优良的智能驱动材料,通过加热即可产生可观的回复力。宽热滞NiTiNb SMA的热触发回复力更是可在工程结构所处的环境温度下永久保持,若将其应用于混凝土结构主动约束加固,可克服传统主动约束加固方法存在的预应力施加步骤繁琐、施工机械繁重以及预应力损失严重等问题,并有效地提升加固施工质量和速度。从宽热滞NiTiNb SMA的晶体结构和马氏体相变等形状记忆效应机理出发,阐释其回复力输出特性,进一步综述宽热滞NiTiNb SMA作为智能驱动器在混凝土结构主动约束加固中的应用研究进展,提出存在的问题,并探讨未来的发展方向及研究重点。

周期性超表面的广色域结构色调制光谱分析

设计一种新的周期性超表面,基于介质层与吸收层的夹层式纳米柱结构表现出强烈的共振吸收效应,在可见光波段实现具有广色域、高饱和度、高分辨率优势的结构色。使用时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟周期性纳米阵列在调节周期、介质层厚度时的光学响应,基于反射光谱建立从结构参数到显色特性的映射关系。结果表明,周期与介质层厚度的协同调节可生成更丰富的结构色,周期通过改变主波长显著影响结构色色相,介质层厚度优化光谱形状有助于实现高单色性颜色;该结构的光谱反射率高、半峰宽窄、主波长覆盖面广,色域扩大至156.8%的sRGB;经优化后实现的高质量RGB颜色,在±40°入射范围色相变化低于0.075π。该研究在显示成像、纳米印刷、高分辨打印等领域的应用具有重要价值。