Experiment Research on Binocular Perceptual Characteristics around Peripheral Vision for Development of Head Mounted Display with Wide View

The head mounted display （HMD） is widely used in virtual reality technology. In common HMD, however, the binocular disparity is set to an equal fixed value in the entire range of view. Such HMD systems have several shortcomings when used for wide views. In this study, in order to realize a natural stereo sensation of HMD with wide view, we measure the characteristics of binocular stereo perception and binocular light perception. Results show that both the stereoacuity and light sensitivity decrease as the retina＇s eccentricity increases from fovea to periphery. However, the decrease of the stereoacuity is more rapid than that of the light sensitivity. These results suggest that the binocular disparity at the peripheral field should be small, otherwise double images would be observed instead of a stereo view. Based on the results we develop a relative binocular stereoacuity model which can be applied for the design of HMD systems with wide view.

Speckle structured illumination endoscopy with enhanced resolution at wide field of view and depth of field

Structured illumination microscopy(SIM)is one of the most widely applied wide field super resolution imaging techniques with high temporal resolution and low phototoxicity.The spatial resolution of SIM is typically limited to two times of the diffraction limit and the depth of field is small.In this work,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a low cost,easy to implement,novel technique called speckle structured illumination endoscopy(SSIE)to enhance the resolution of a wide field endoscope with large depth of field.Here,speckle patterns are used to excite objects on the sample which is then followed by a blind-SIM algorithm for super resolution image reconstruction.Our approach is insensitive to the 3D morphology of the specimen,or the deformation of illuminations used.It greatly simplifies the experimental setup as there are no calibration protocols and no stringent control of illumination patterns nor focusing optics.We demonstrate that the SSIE can enhance the resolution 2–4.5 times that of a standard white light endoscopic(WLE)system.The SSIE presents a unique route to super resolution in endoscopic imaging at wide field of view and depth of field,which might be beneficial to the practice of clinical endoscopy.

Holographic augmented reality display with conical holographic optical element for wide viewing zone

In this study, we propose a holographic augmented reality (AR) display with a wide viewing zone realized by using a special-designed reflective optical element. A conical holographic optical element (HOE) is used as such a reflective optical element. This conical HOE was implemented to reconstruct a diverging spherical wave with a wide spread angle. It has a sharp wavelength selectivity by recording it as a volume hologram, enabling augmented reality (AR) representation of real and virtual 3D objects. The quality of the generated spherical wave and the spectral reflectivity of the fabricated conical HOE were investigated. An optical superimposition between real and virtual 3D objects was demonstrated, thereby enhancing the validity of our proposed method. A horizontal viewing zone of 140° and a vertical viewing zone of 30° were experimentally confirmed. The fabrication procedure for the conical HOE is presented, and the calculation method of the computer-generated hologram (CGH) based on Fermat’s principle is explained in detail.

Comparison of scleral buckling using wide-angle viewing systems and indirect ophthalmoscope for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

AIM：To compare the effects of scleral buckling using wide-angle viewing systems（WAVS） with that using indirect ophthalmoscope for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.METHODS：The study was a retrospective analyses of the medical records of 94 eyes（94 patients） with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.Among them,47 eyes underwent scleral buckling using WAVS with endoiiluminator（Group W）,and 47 eyes underwent scleral buckling using indirect ophthalmoscope（Group I）.Surgical durations,primary success rate,best-corrected visual acuities（BCVA）,delayed subretinal fluid absorptions and surgical complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS：At baseline,there were no statistical differences between the two groups in patient＇s age（P=0.997）,gender（P=0.853）,symptom duration（P=0.216）,BCVA（P=0.389）,refractive error（P=0.167）,intraocular pressure（P=0.595）,the number of retinal breaks（P=0.832）,the extent of retinal detachment（P =0.246）,subretinal demarcation line（P=0.801）,and macular detachment（P=0.811）.The follow-up period was 12 mo.The surgical durations in Group W（with or without encircling buckling） were significant shorter than those in Group I（P〈0.001 respectively）.The primary success rate was94.27%in Group W,which was similar to that in Group I（92.38%,P=0.931）.The BCVA in Group W was better than that in Group I（P〈0.001） at 1-month follow-up visit.However,there were no significant differences between the two groups at 3-month（P=0.221）,6-month（P =0.674）,and 12-month（P=0.363） follow-up visits respectively.Delayed subretinal fluid absorptions were more common in Group I than in Group W at 1-month（P=0.045） follow-up visit,but there were no significant differences between the two groups at 3-month（P=0.111）,6-month（P =1.000） and 12-month follow-up visits respectively.CONCLUSION：Scleral buckling using WAVS can be an alternative choose for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

A novel trigger algorithm for wide-field-of-view imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique experiments

The high-altitude detection of astronomical radiation(HADAR)experiment is a new Cherenkov observation technique with a wide field of view(FoV),aimed at observing the prompt emissions ofγ-ray bursts(GRBs).The bottleneck for this type of experiment can be found in determining how to reject the high rate of nightsky background(NSB)noise from random stars.In this work,we propose a novel method for rejecting noise,which considers the spatial properties of GRBs and the temporal characteristics of Cherenkov radiation.In space coordinates,the map between the celestial sphere and the fired photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)on the telescope's camera can be expressed as f(δ(i,j))=δ'(i',j'),which means that a limited number of PMTs is selected from one direction.On the temporal scale,a 20-ns time window was selected based on the knowledge of Cherenkov radiation.This allowed integration of the NSB for a short time interval.Consequently,the angular resolution and effective area at 100 GeV in the HADAR experiment were obtained as 0.2°and 10^(4)m^(2),respectively.This method can be applied to all wide-FoV experiments.

Preventing condensation of objective lens in noncontact wide-angle viewing systems during vitrectomy

AIM： To assess the optimal conditions for preventing condensation of objective lens during vitrectomy with noncontact wide-angle viewing systems（WAVSs）. METHODS： We explored the effectiveness of the coating with ophthalmic viscoelastic device（OVDs） on the corneal surface and the soaking the objective lens in warm-saline for preventing condensation of objective lens. First, to find the optimal soaking time to keep the objective lens warm, we measured the temperature of objective lens every minute after soaking in warm saline. Second, to find optimal distance between cornea and objective lens, which provide as wide a view as possible and less condensation at the same time, we measured the condensation time with different distances. With the obtained optimal soaking time and distance, we explored the effect of coating cornea with OVDs and soaking objective lens in warm saline on condensation time.RESULTS： One and 5 min of soaking in warm saline was most effective for keeping the lens warm enough（45.1℃±2.1℃ for 1 min and 46.4℃±1.0℃ for 5 min, P=0.109）. The mean condensation times for the control group at 1, 3, and 5 mm from corneal surface to objective lens were 1±0.4, 4±1.4, 190±26.1 s, respectively, thus 5 mm was most optimal distance for vitrectomy with WAVSs. For the OVD coating group, the mean condensation times were 1.5±0.3, 13±1.4, and 200±23.9 s at 1, 3, and 5 mm distance and borderline significant compared with control group（P=0.068, 0.051, and 0.063, respectively）. With the 1-minute warm saline soaking group, the mean condensation time were extended to 188±34.4, 416±65.7, and 600±121.3 s at 1, 3, and 5 mm distance and statistically significant compared with control（P=0.043, 0.041 and 0.043, respectively）.CONCLUSION： OVD coating on corneal surface shows no difference on condensation time with control group. However, soaking the objective lens in warm saline revealed statistically significant extension of condensation time compared to control group. Therefore, keeping the objective lens warm with soaking in warm saline is a simple but effective to prevent condensation of objective lens during vitrectomy. The thermodynamics between objective lens and cornea during vitrectomy warrants further investigation.

To Tell A “Plausible Story” through Constructing Different Narrative Point of Views in “Wide Sargasso Sea”

"Wide Sargasso Sea"is one of Jean Rhys' novella which appealed enormous research. Although many studies touched on different meanings from its narrative perspective, most of them illustrated from the aspect which mixed narrator and point of view. This study researched this novella from the perspective of point of view suggested by Prof. Shen Dan to decode author's method of telling a"plausible story".

基于77 GHz毫米波角雷达的天线罩优化设计方法

77 GHz毫米波雷达因其体积小和分辨率高等特点在无人驾驶车辆领域具有广阔的应用前景。天线罩作为毫米波雷达系统的重要组成部分,能有效防御恶劣环境对雷达系统工作性能的影响,但天线罩在保护雷达系统的同时会在雷达电磁波传播路径上引入介质,从而造成天线辐射性能的衰减。为了改善天线罩对雷达天线辐射性能的影响,本文提出了一种基于77 GHz毫米波角雷达天线罩的优化设计方法。该优化方法以遗传算法(GA)作为优化算法,运用MATLAB将GA与高频仿真软件HFSS结合,通过优化拱形天线罩横截面圆弧的圆心角和天线罩与天线的垂直间距,使雷达天线在其工作频段内具有高增益和低旁瓣的同时,增大天线3 dB方位面波束宽度,提高毫米波角雷达视场角的宽度。仿真结果表明,优化天线罩后阵列天线的3 dB方位面波束宽度增大了37°,工作带宽增大了1.04 GHz,俯仰面最大旁瓣降低了1.02 dB。分析结果表明,基于优化方法设计的天线罩能够有效增大毫米波角雷达阵列天线的视场角,拓宽该雷达天线阵列的工作频带,并降低其俯仰面最大旁瓣。77 GHz毫米波角雷达天线罩数值算例验证了该优化方法的有效性。

基于Q型非球面的全景环带红外光学系统设计

全景环带光学系统凭借周视范围实时成像的特点已在超大视场光学领域中得到了广泛应用。传统的全景环带光学系统将折射、反射面集成在一片块状透镜中,光线在其内部进行多次折、反射导致头部单元体积较大,同时红外透镜材料密度大、折射率温度稳定性差等特点也与光学遥感器轻量化、可靠性高的应用需求相矛盾。文章基于像差理论,讨论了全景环带两反射镜红外光学系统头部单元初始结构设计方法,将Q型(Q-Type多项式)非球面引入全景头部单元增加优化变量,用偏离因子因子k_(RMS)数值表征非球面加工难度,设计了以两反射镜为头部单元的全景环带红外光学系统。该系统在奈奎斯特频率(20线对/mm)处调制传递函数优于0.5;全视场像元(25μm×25μm区域内)能量集中度优于65%,像质评价结果表明其成像品质良好。该设计在缩小系统体积、提高光学设计优化效率方面有很大的改进,满足超大视场实时成像的应用需求。

玛克辛·格林“全面觉醒”教师观及其当代价值

“全面觉醒”是玛克辛·格林教师哲学思想中的核心命题。“全面觉醒”的提出是基于对技术理性危害的反思、对过度追求教育工具价值的纠偏以及对教师对于教育生活与个人生活的麻木和忽视自我存在的警惕。这一概念自社会学领域借鉴而来,旨在描述保持高度意识张力和充分关注教育生活的教师理想意识状态,兼顾教师自我意识层面和身份意识层面觉醒双重诉求。对当代教师而言,实现“全面觉醒”有着助推个人成长与角色成长的双重价值:既帮助教师有意识地去改变现状,追求更好的生活,也促使教师突破自身认识和思维局限,创新教学内容和方法,助力学生发展个性、发挥潜能。

一种低剖面超宽带强耦合相控阵天线

为适应多功能、一体化、集成化的应用需求,相控阵天线正朝着超宽带、小型化、轻量化方向发展。本文基于强耦合技术,设计了一种低剖面超宽带强耦合相控阵天线。天线单元由超表面宽角匹配层、辐射振子、Marchand馈电巴伦以及反射地板组成。通过偶极子双臂的上下层交叠实现强耦合效应。通过仿真设计,该强耦合天线在1.4 GHz~6 GHz频带内0°~50°扫描角度下天线的有源驻波均小于3.2,具有良好的阻抗匹配带宽。最后,对18×36规模的阵列天线进行测试,验证了实测与仿真结果一致。

液晶电扫描主动成像视场扩展技术研究

针对场景监视、视觉导航等领域亟需解决的大视场高分辨率成像问题,提出了一种液晶电扫描主动成像视场扩展技术,基于液晶电扫描原理设计了基于液晶偏振光栅和铁电液晶的液晶电扫描模块,并搭建了一套主动成像视场扩展系统。通过激光主动照明方式,采用在光源发射端和图像接收端引入液晶电扫描模块的方法,结合液晶偏振时序控制和拼接融合得到了大视场高分辨率的目标图像。实验结果表明,基于液晶电扫描的主动照明成像,实现了分辨率为3840×480、视场角为52°的大视场高分辨率成像,成像视场扩大了6倍。工作实现了非机械式的主动扫描成像,为大视场成像扩展技术提供了一种很好的方法。

超大视场红外凝视成像系统内外参数的标定与评价

针对现有成像系统标定方法无法有效校正超大视场红外凝视成像系统的问题,提出了一种新的间接角点检测算法和针对Scaramuzza校正模型中迭代计算会出现局部最优问题的改进方案。利用形态学操作对棋盘标定板边缘进行像素级检测,再使用插值技术细化边缘,使边缘具有亚像素级精度,获取真实角点附近的4个棋盘单元角点,对4个角点进行坐标平均化间接获取真实角点坐标,使角点检测正确率达到100%,远高于一般算法,并且更加贴合真实角点位置。在逐次迭代过程中,通过对整个区域使用特定圆形区域采样网格点采集SSRE,再将所有采集数据进行最小化取值,既避免了陷入局部最优的情况,提高了定位精度,又大大减少了迭代次数和迭代运算量,弥补了现有一般标定算法无法满足超大视场红外凝视成像系统的不足。

一种用于监控侦察的大视场宽光谱光学系统设计

为了满足监控侦察对光学系统日夜两用及监控范围广的需求,运用像差分析方法和光学设计软件设计了一种大视场宽光谱光学系统。设计的光学系统由7片透镜组成,所有透镜的光学面均采用球面设计,工作波段为400~1100 nm,最大全视场角达到140°,焦距为2.33 mm,f数为5,后工作距离为7.42 mm;在奈奎斯特频率42 lp/mm处,视场角范围的调制传递函数值均大于0.28,相对照度均大于96%,最大视场角的F-theta畸变值为27.85%;最后,对设计的光学系统中各类型公差进行了分析。结果表明,设计的光学系统像差校正较好,具有较好的成像质量且易于加工。

高分六号宽幅遥感影像在复杂山区地物分类中的应用

为评估其在多类地物分类中的有效性,本研究利用GF-6宽幅遥感影像(WFV),对四川西南部复杂山区开展大尺度地物分类研究。通过波段组合和植被指数计算,提升对植被健康状况的监测能力。特别是红边波段(B5)和黄波段(B8)的引入,为植被和土地利用分类带来了技术优势。在监督分类方法方面,采用了马氏距离、极大似然法、卷积神经网络(CNN)和支持向量机(SVM)4种方法。结果表明,SVM在处理高维光谱数据和复杂地形条件下表现出色,分类精度最高。马氏距离和极大似然法的分类精度较低,主要受数据假设和样本量限制的影响,而神经网络方法的表现不佳,主要是由于训练样本数量和多样性的不足,导致模型的泛化能力不强。综合以上结果,GF-6WFV影像在地物分类中展现出优异性能,尤其在精准农业和林业管理方面。未来研究应关注多源遥感数据的整合,优化算法以提升分类精度,并减少计算资源消耗。

Structured scene modeling using micro stereo vision system with large field of view

This paper presents a method for structured scene modeling using micro stereo vision system with large field of view. The proposed algorithm includes edge detection with Canny detector, line fitting with principle axis based approach, finding corresponding lines using feature based matching method, and 3D line depth computation.

基于蓝光LED的水下远距离通信系统设计

为满足水下远距离、高速率、低误码、高性能的通信要求,该文设计了一套低功耗、小型化的水下无线光通信系统。以蓝光LED阵列作为光源既提高了输出功率又增大了发射视角,以光电倍增管(PMT)作为探测器、极大提高了接收增益,整个收发系统以FPGA为基础,实现了数据的RS编解码,同时加入8B/10B编码以解决OOK调制的均衡问题,内部电路的优化处理提高了系统整体性能,外部结构设计控制收发视角以提高系统的能量传输效率。经水池实验测试,该系统可实现水下距离50 m,通信速率100 kb/s、误码率(BER)低于10^(-6)的稳定通信,为后续水下远距离无线光通信的发展奠定了基础。

高分六号卫星甚宽视场相机的热控设计及验证

甚宽视场相机作为高分六号卫星的核心载荷,具备65.6°视场、862 km超大幅宽和8谱段成像能力。针对其自由曲面离轴四反光学系统的结构特点和任务需求,采用复合型多层隔热组件进行热隔离、高导热率石墨膜进行热疏导及分级热控等措施进行了热控设计,实现了光机结构的精密控温和高热耗/热流密度电子学设备的高效散热,并利用有限元分析软件UG12.0/Space thermal仿真分析了相机高、低温工况下的温度;通过对比热分析、热试验及卫星在轨遥测温度数据,验证了该热控方案的实际效果。在轨遥测数据显示:光机结构在轨温度水平为19.7~20.3℃,温度梯度最大不超过0.4℃,CMOS焦面组件每轨摄像12 min的情况下,温度波动在19~24℃,均满足热控指标要求,遥测数据与热分析及热试验结果偏差小于±0.5℃。表明该相机热设计正确可行,热分析及热试验过程合理可靠。

二维大视场离轴反射式光学系统设计

宽视场光学成像系统可以增大光学遥感器观测范围、提高探测效率。近年来,基于自由曲面的光学系统设计和制造取得了重大进展,为设计大视场、大相对孔径、高分辨率、高成像质量、无遮挡离轴反射系统提供了可能性。首先,分析了大视场离轴反射系统的像差特性,指出当不断增加系统视场角,尤其是子午方向视场角时,与视场相关的非对称高级像差量将剧烈增加;像场连续性要求更加凸显。接着,提出了一种二维大视场长焦距离轴光学系统设计方法:在常规光学系统初始结构基础上,采用多重结构形式,使子午方向视场角离散化,光学系统特定曲面分解为两个子曲面;并构建系统约束条件,通过约束系统外形尺寸、优化系统结构形式进而完成系统优化设计。最后,基于提出的方法,设计了一款焦距为1000 mm,像方F数为10,视场角为40°×16°的自由曲面离轴四反光学系统。设计结果表明:该系统全视场范围内成像质量较好,50 lp/mm的特征频率下,400~750 nm可见光波段内光学调制传递函数优于0.26,证明该方法切实有效。

全天候全景监控摄像用光学系统设计

设计了一款能实现全天候清晰成像的全景监控摄像光学系统。采用全景环带结构形式,该结构分为摄像头部单元和中继透镜单元两部分,摄像头部单元完成全视场目标搜索,中继透镜单元将头部单元所成的中间虚像进行二次成像会聚到探测器上。设计时采用多重结构优化方式,实现可见光及近红外双波段成像。该光学系统视场为360°×(40°~100°),焦距为-2.75 mm,F数为3.28。设计结果表明:系统的MTF(modulation transfer function)值在全视场处接近衍射极限,各个视场的弥散斑半径均小于所选CCD像元尺寸,畸变小于2%,且日夜离焦量小于0.002 mm,该设计结果可满足全天候全景监控需求。