Residual subsidence time series model in mountain area caused by underground mining based on GNSS online monitoring

The residual subsidence caused by underground mining in mountain area has a long subsidence duration time and great potential harm,which seriously threatens the safety of people's production and life in the mining area.Therefore,it is necessary to use appropriate monitoring methods and mathematical models to effectively monitor and predict the residual subsidence caused by underground mining.Compared with traditional level survey and InSAR(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)technology,GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)online monitoring technology has the advantages of long-term monitoring,high precision and more flexible monitoring methods.The empirical equation method of residual subsidence in mining subsidence is effectively combined with the rock creep equation,which can not only describe the residual subsidence process from the mechanism,but also predict the residual subsidence.Therefore,based on GNSS online monitoring technology,combined with the mining subsidence model of mountain area and adding the correlation coefficient of the compaction degree of caving broken rock and the Kelvin model of rock mechanics,this paper constructs the residual subsidence time series model of arbitrary point on the ground in mountain area.Through the example,the predicted results of the model in the inversion parameter phase and the dynamic prediction phase are compared with the measured data sequence.The results show that the model can carry out effective numerical calculation according to the GNSS monitoring data of any point on the ground,and the model prediction effect is good,which provides a new method for the prediction of residual subsidence in mountain mining.

Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

A review of UAV monitoring in mining areas: current status and future perspectives

With the emergence and development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), different sensors have become more miniaturized and intelligent. UAVs equipped with various sensors are now an important approach for acquiring spatial data. Many advantages, such as low cost, short revisiting cycle, flexibility and high precision, have made UAVs powerful tools in geological, agricultural, ecological and forestry growth monitoring, as well as evaluation. Now, UAVs are a hotspot in scientific research. Their application in mining areas (MA), although still in its infancy, is developing rapidly in terms of speed, scale and service scope. This research examines aspects such as UAV platforms, different sensors and their application fields, as well as reviewing the advances of scientific research in MA at the present time. By combining current research and the functions of multiple sensors, an application framework for UAV monitoring in MA is constructed. Finally, the challenge and prospects for the development of UAVs and sensors are also considered. This research hopes to provide a technical reference, expanding the knowledge and recognition of UAV monitoring in MA, as well as an assessment of applications in mining, reclamation and environment.

KEY TECHNOLOGY OF D-INSAR AT X-BAND FOR MONITORING LAND SUBSIDENCE IN MINING AREA AND ITS APPLICATION

In theory, land subsidence measurement results with high accuracy can be obtained by using the Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar(D-InSAR) at X-band. In practice, however, the measuring accuracy of D-InSAR at X-band has been seriously affected by some factors, e.g., decorrelation and high deformation gradient. In this work, the monitoring capability of D-InSAR for coal-mining subsidence is evaluated by using SAR data acquired by TerrraSAR-X system. The SAR image registration method for low coherence image pairs, the denoising phase filter for high noise level interferogram and atmospheric effects mitigation method are the key technical aspects which directly influence the measurement results of D-InSAR at X-band. Thus, a robust image registration method, an improved phase filter method and an atmospheric effects mitigation method are proposed in this paper. The proposed image registration method successfully achieves InSAR coregistration, while the amplitude cross-correlation cannot properly coregister low coherence SAR image pairs. Moreover, the time complexity of the proposed image registration method is obviously slighter than that of the Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) method. The comparing experiment results and the unwrapping phase results show that the improved Goldstein filter is more effective than the original Goldstein filter in noise elimination. The atmospheric influence correction experiment results show that the land subsidence areas with atmospheric influence correction are more clarified than that of without atmospheric influence correction. In summary, the presented methods directly improved the measurement results of D-InSAR at X-band.

Comparison of Using an Electronic System and Conventional Monitoring Method for Monitoring the Quality of Drinking Water and Defects Discovery in Rural Area Water Distribution Network of Abarkouh, Iran

The used water for human consumption must be free of microorganisms and chemicals that cause risk in the human health. In this study, water quality of 18 rural area of Abarkouh was determined and compared the conventional monitoring method (According to ISIR (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran), 1053 and 4208) and use of electronic system method (Patent in industrial property general office of Iran, 77815). Free chlorine monitoring and pH test done by health workers in the conventional method and the results will be sent to the Health Network monthly. Sampling for microbiological testing is done monthly based on population (According to ISIR, 4208). On the electronic system, the procedure is also done by health workers, but the result will be sent to the receiver device by using a cell phone. According to the chlorine test results if the free chlorine residual reported zero, microbiological sampling was done by a health expert. Finally, the number of chlorine test and microbiological sampling and the results of these experiments collected in the both methods and recorded in SPSS 22 then were analyzed by using chi-square test and Fisher exact test. The result of microbiological experiments shows that the sampling rate decreased 29% in using of electronic system method in comparison to the conventional monitoring method while the number of microbial defect detection increased 19% in drinking water networks monitoring by electronic system. Using of electronic system monitoring can reduce the rate and cost of microbiological sampling and its experiments and increase accuracy of these tests, in this way it will increase the quality and safety of drinking water in distribution network in small and dispersed rural communities.

Monitoring of Land-Cover Dynamic Change in Lancangjiang River Cascaded Hydropower Area

The analysis of the 3 stages＇ （1988,1996,2000） variation of land-cover is performed according to Thematic Mapper （TM） and Enhancement Thematic Mapper（ETM） satellite image by combining ground GIS database with GPS field collected data in the area of Xiaowan-Dachaoshan Reservoirs of Lancangjiang River cascaded Hydropower Area. Consequently, the land-cover is divided into five subclasses, namely water, paddy field and wetland, bare dryland and sparse shrub, secondary forest and density forest. The result showed that the areas of bare land, upland and secondary forest decreased in 1988-1996, whereas from 1996 to 2000, water body and density forest keep invariability while the areas of paddy field and wetland, bare dryland and sparse scrub increasing and the area of secondary forest decrease; Features of reciprocal transformation between density forest and other type of land-cover had two points, i.e. secondary forest, bare dryland and sparse shrub converted to density forest; and density forest converted to secondary forest and paddy field and wetland. It reflects the dynamic variation of density forest; the area which slope less than 8° and greater than 15° shows bigger variation, however, less change in 8°-15°.

Monitoring and Evaluation of Present Situation of Environmental Quality in the Sea Area near the Aojiang Estuary in Wenzou

Based on the monitoring results of environmental quality in the sea area near the Aojiang estuary in Wenzou during 2010-2012,the present situation of environmental quality in the sea area was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that p H,DO,CODMn,petroleum,and heavy metals( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As and Cr) in the sea area near the Aojiang estuary did not exceed the second-class standard of Seawater Quality Standard( GB 3097-1997),but both inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate in the sea area exceeded the second-class standard seriously,and the water quality of the sea area was in an eutrophic state; domestic sewage and fertilizer loss were the main sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. The standard index of most evaluation factors of sediment quality except for Zn was smaller than 1,meeting the demands of sediment quality for environmental protection.

Distributed optical fiber acoustic sensor for in situ monitoring of marine natural gas hydrates production for the first time in the Shenhu Area,China

The distributed acoustic sensor(DAS)uses a single optical cable as the sensing unit,which can capture the acoustic and vibration signals along the optical cable in real-time.So it is suitable for monitoring downhole production activities in the process of oil and gas development.The authors applied the DAS system in a gas production well in the South China Sea for in situ monitoring of the whole wellbore for the first time and obtained the distributed acoustic signals along the whole wellbore.These signals can clearly distinguish the vertical section,curve section,and horizontal production section.The collected acoustic signal with the frequency of approximately 50 Hz caused by the electric submersible pump exhibit a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 27 dB.By analyzing the acoustic signals in the production section,it can be located the layers with high gas production rates.Once an accurate physical model is built in the future,the gas production profile will be obtained.In addition,the DAS system can track the trajectory of downhole tools in the wellbore to guide the operation.Through the velocity analysis of the typical signals,the type of fluids in the wellbore can be distinguished.The successful application of the system provides a promising whole wellbore acoustic monitoring tool for the production of marine gas hydrate,with a good application prospect.

Development of a wide-range and fast-response digitizing pulse signal acquisition and processing system for neutron flux monitoring on EAST

The neutron count rate fluctuation reaches six orders of magnitude between the ohmic plasma scenario and high power of auxiliary heating on an experimental advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST).The measurement result of neutron flux monitoring(NFM)is a significant feedback parameter related to the acquisition of radiation protection-related information and rapid fluctuations in neutron emission induced by plasma magnetohydrodynamic activity.Therefore,a wide range and high time resolution are required for the NFM system on EAST.To satisfy these requirements,a digital pulse signal acquisition and processing system with a wide dynamic range and fast response time was developed.The present study was conducted using a field-programmable gate array(FPGA)and peripheral component interconnect extension for instrument express(PXIe)platform.The digital dual measurement modes,which are composed of the pulse-counting mode and AC coupled square integral's Campbelling mode,were designed to expand the measurement range of the signal acquisition and processing system.The time resolution of the signal acquisition and processing system was improved from 10 to 1 ms owing to utilizing highspeed analog-to-digital converters(ADCs),a high-speed PXIe communication with a direct memory access(DMA)mode,and online data preprocessing technology of FPGA.The signal acquisition and processing system was tested experimentally in the EAST radiation field.The test results showed that the time resolution of NFM was improved to 1 ms,and the dynamic range of the neutron counts rate was expanded to more than 10^(6) counts per second.The Campbelling mode was calibrated using a multipoint average linear fitting method;subsequently,the fitting coefficient reached 0.9911.Therefore,the newly developed pulse signal acquisition and processing system ensures that the NFM system meets the requirements of high-parameter experiments conducted on EAST more effectively.

Determining areas in an inclined coal seam floor prone to water-inrush by micro-seismic monitoring

当采矿在限制含水土层上面被执行时，煤缝接地板的失败深度是必须被记住的一重要考虑。决定地板失败深度是为预言地板的抵抗水的能力的必要前提。我们使用了一种高精确的微地震的监视技术克服从域大小可得到的数据的有限数量。一块煤缝接地板的失败深度，一块特别使倾向的煤缝接地板，可以被监视地板的连续、动态失败更精确地估计。监视结果在 workface 运输车道(更低的 crossheading ) 附近显示煤缝接地板的失败深度更深并且失败范围与回来航线(上面的 crossheading ) 附近的煤缝接地板相比在这里是更宽的。微地震的监视的结果证明为从煤缝接地板的水流入的危险区域可以被识别。这提供帮助在 Taoyuan 煤矿在限制含水土层上面保证使倾向的煤缝接的安全、高度有效的采矿的重要的地大小。

Research on Monitoring Area Division of Quality Grade Changes in County Cultivated Land and Technology of Deploying Monitoring Point

It is an important means in management of improving both the quality and quantity of cultivated land to monitor grade changes in cultivated land quality. How to deploy monitoring network system and its point reasonably and roundly are the key to the technology of monitoring grade changes in cultivated land quality by monitoring grade changes in cultivated land quality dynamically in order to obtain the information to the index of cultivated land quality and its changes based on the existing achievements of farmland classification and grading. Spatial analysis method is used to demarcate monitoring area and deploy monitoring point according to ARCGIS,of which the result can meet the demand for monitoring grade changes in cultivated land.

Dynamic Monitoring and Control Measures of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smmith) in Low Latitude Plateau Sugarcane Areas

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smmith) is one of the major migratory pests warned by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).It has been successfully invaded sugarcane and corn in Jinggu,Longchuan,Gengma,Menghai,Yingjiang,Lancang of Yunan Province,China.In view of the great variety of hosts,wide range of habitats and strong migration ability,S.frugiperda has the potential of causing catastrophic threats to sugarcane production.In this paper,we made a systematic introduction to the morphological and biological characteristics of S.frugiperda,analyzed its occurrence situations and occurrence trends in Yunnan of China and other countries around the world,and proposed the control strategies and measures of ecological regulation and control,natural enemies protection and utilization,biological control,pesticide control and adults trapping based on the outbreak characteristics of S.frugiperda and the actual sugarcane production in low latitude plateau areas.

Optical Remote-sensing Monitoring and Forecasting of Atmospheric Pollution in Huaibei Area, China

Huaibei 是一个精力城市。主要精力消费在 Huaibei 区域带很多地区性的污染的煤。微分光吸收光谱学(DOAS ) 作为光遥感技术被使用了监视氮二氧化物，硫二氧化物和臭氧的地区性的平均集中和库存。DOAS 系统被建立并且适用在 Huaibei 区域监视主要空气污染物质。监视数据从 2011 年 8 月 7 日被获得。监视结果证明在控制污染的大小是有效的，并且污染物质的排出物直到在 Huaibei 区域的国家标准。预言模型也被创造追踪污染的变化趋势。这些将在 Huaibei 区域为环境质量的有效评估提供未加工的数据支持。

Optimized two-level placement of test points for multi-objective air monitoring of the Three Gorges Reservoir area

To fit the complicated geographic conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, a two-level multi-objective monitoring system was developed to monitor the atmosphere of the area. Statistical analysis of environmental monitoring data and the macro control principle were employed to configure the upper layer. The lower layer was designed by the application of the thumb rule to a local terrain and specific point sources of pollution therein. The optimized two-level system comprises an upper layer of 16 monitoring stations distributed at places of diverse geographical, ecological, economical and social characteristics, and a lower layer of 16 sub-machines at each monitoring station of the upper layer. This optimal outcome fits the complicated conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, substantially cuts down the installation cost and the operation cost, and provides accurate monitoring data of atmosphere over the entire area with a high resolution.

The Peculiarities of Acoustical Monitoring of Moving Objects in Shallow Water Areas

The article considers peculiarities of underwater monitoring of moving objects in the shallow water areas, particularly seaports. These areas are characterized by a multitude of factors influencing the efficiency of detection. Nonstationarity conditions of sound propagation and specific interference caused by shipping are the major factors. The various algorithms for the space-time signal processing have been tested and some experimental results are presented. It has been shown that the use of clipped mode in conjunction with the correlation processing of wideband signals and subsequent speckle tracking allow realizing high efficiency of monitoring.

A differential wide field electromagnetic method and its application in alkaline-surfactant-polymer(ASP) flooding monitoring

To improve effectiveness of ASP flooding, it is necessary to establish a reliable parameter design and tracking adjustment method to monitor the process of oil displacement. A differential wide field electromagnetic method was proposed and applied to the ASP displacement monitoring test in a block of the Daqing Oilfield. In the process of ASP flooding, the electromagnetic field was measured many times. The data acquired before the ASP flooding were set as the background field, and the resistivity model was obtained by inversion. Then, the resistivity data were calibrated by logging data and the resistivity model was established. Finally, the range and front of ASP flooding were deduced with the residual gradient from the spatial domain first-order difference of the resistivity model. Production data of well groups in this block have proved that this method can work out the range and front of ASP flooding accurately, providing support for optimization of ASP flooding parameters.

A Study of the Correlation between the Concentration of Particulate Matter and Green Area Ratio Measured through a Portable Monitoring System: With Particular Focus on the Case of Dalseo-Gu, Daegu Metropolitan City

This study analyzed the relationship between the measured concentration of particulate matter (PM) and green area, which is an important spatial factor affecting urban PM concentration and even more carbon neutral in cities. In order to investigate the effects of green area, the green area ratio (GAR) is used and correlated with particulate matter. As a result of analyzing the correlation between GAR and PM concentration using the measured PM data, it was found that there was a positive correlation between the two variables. Hence, the higher the GAR, the lower the PM concentration. It can be said that the introduction of spatial elements with high GAR scores, such as parks and forests in cities, is effective in reducing PM concentration. In this study, a portable PM monitoring system using a vehicle for PM measurement was also established and operated. As a result, it was found that a PM monitoring system using a light-scattering sensor is an effective PM measurement method that can be used at the local government level. It was also found that a follow-up study is needed in the future to identify the PM mitigation functions of urban green areas according to the detailed characteristics of green areas as well as various environmental factors. This study can be used in air quality improvement activities and efforts as reference data by policy decision makers and in the field of environmental planning associated with the removal of airborne particulate matter pollution in urban areas.

Study on Division Method of Quality Monitoring Control Area Based on Comprehensive Cultivated Land Attribute

The quality change of cultivated land resources requires the scientific deployment of monitoring areas.In this study,Yuzhou City is taken as an example to divide the quality monitoring control areas through the study of natural quality,utilization level,income level,and utilization characteristics,etc.Compared with the traditional administrative unit division or cultivated land quality division method,the regional homogeneity of this study is stronger,and there are quality differences between regions.It provides precondition and precision guarantee for the monitoring of cultivated land quality.

Research on Reservoir-induced Earthquake Monitoring of Yangtze Three Gorges Area

A high dam of 185 meters above sea level is designed for the Yangtze Three Gorges reservoir, which can accommodate water of 39.3 billion cubic meters at its maximum and whose impoundment will reach up to 175 meters deep. The local stress status, medium propriety and regional stress field in and around the reservoir will vary with the impounding and water fluctuation in the reservoir, which will probably induce earthquakes. In order to detect the crustal deformation, the tectonic fault displacement and the sink of a reservoir basin in the area and the reservoir induced seismicity, it is necessary to set up a monitoring system. The paper introduces a study of monitoring in the Yangtze Three Gorges area.