The application of the high-frequency electromagnetic sounding method in the exploration of underground thermal water

High-frequency electromagnetic sounding is an electromagnetic exploration method using the natural high-frequency electromagnetic field as a field source. It has higher resolution and greater depth penetration than the direct current method and is especially fit for geothermal energy exploration and low- and mid-level groundwater detection. We introduce a successful application of high-frequency electromagnetic sounding for evaluating geothermal water resources. The high frequency electromagnetic system （MT-USA with a frequency range from 10 KHz to 1 Hz） is first applied to sample field data from China. A remote reference station is used to assure sampled data quality. We then perform 2D inversion image processing with the electrical method data. The results basically indicate the spatial distribution of underground geothermal water and provide favorable clues to finding the sources of the subsurface geothermal water in this area.

Application of a wide-field electromagnetic method to shale gas exploration in South China

In an effort to reduce the shale gas exploration risks and costs, we applied the wide-field electromagnetic method （WFEM）, because of its strong anti-interference capability, high resolution, ability to conduct exploration at large depths, and high efficiency, to the Bayan Syncline in the South Huayuan block, Hunan Province. We collected rock samples and analyzed their resistivity and induced polarization （IP） and built A series of two-dimensional models for geological conditions to investigate the applicability of WFEM to different geological structures. We also analyzed the correlation between TOC of shale and the resistivity and IP ratio to determine the threshold for identifying target formations. We used WFEM to identify the underground structures and determine the distribution, depth, and thickness of the target strata. Resistivity, IP, and total organic carbon were used to evaluate the shale gas prospects and select favorable areas （sweet spots） for exploration and development. Subsequently, drilling in these areas proved the applicability of WFEM in shale gas exploration.

Extracting useful high-frequency information from wide-field electromagnetic data using time-domain signal reconstruction

The wide-field electromagnetic method is widely used in hydrocarbon exploration,mineral deposit detection,and geological disaster prediction.However,apparent resistivity and normalized field amplitude exceeding 2048 Hz often exhibit upward warping in data,making geophysical inversion and interpretation challenging.The cumulative error of the crystal oscillator in signal transmission and acquisition contributes to an upturned apparent resistivity curve.To address this,a high-frequency information extraction method is proposed based on time-domain signal reconstruction,which helps to record a complete current data sequence;moreover,it helps estimate the crystal oscillator error for the transmitted signal.Considering the recorded error,a received signal was corrected using a set of reconstruction algorithms.After processing,the high-frequency component of the wide-field electromagnetic data was not upturned,while accurate high-frequency information was extracted from the signal.Therefore,the proposed method helped effectively extract high-frequency components of all wide-field electromagnetic data.

Combined Application of Wide-Field Electromagnetic Method and Flow Field Fitting Method for High-Resolution Exploration： A Case Study of the Anjialing No. 1 Coal Mine

The Anjialing No. 1 Coal Mine in Shanxi Province, China, contains a complicated old goaf and an unknown water distribution that hold high potential for serious water hazards. Due to poor detection resolution, previous attempts have failed to determine the scope of the old goal and the water distribution in the mine by separate use of various exploration methods such as seismic method, direct current resistivity, audio magnetotellurics, controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics, and transient electromag-netics. To solve this difficult problem, a combination of the wide-field electromagnetic method and the flow field fitting method with three-dimensional resistivity data inversion was applied to determine the precise scope of the goal and the locations where water is present, and to identify the hydraulic con- nection between the water layers so as to provide reliable technical support for safe coal production. Reasonable results were achieved, with all these goals being met. As a result, a mining area of nearly 4 km^2 has been released for operation.

Field testing of the surface electromagnetic prospecting system

To test the performance of the Chinese whole-surface electromagnetic prospecting （SEP） system, system integrations, instrument performances, and large-scale production viabilities in Liaoning province and Inner Mongolia were measured via extensive field tests. Resultant electric fields, magnetic fields, apparent resistivities, impedance phases, and inversion profiles compared favorably with results of commercial equipment from other countries. The inversion results agreed well with the geologic information from boreholes. Field tests showed that the SEP system is stable, reliable, lightweight, and easy to operate, making it suitable and ready for real-field exploration.

GEOELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND THEIR FRONTIERS OF STUDY

In the earth there exist various forms of natural and artificial electromagnetic fields;the study of their formation, laws of development and practical application constitute the fundamental tasks of the discipline of geoelectromagnetics.The currently app

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论电场近区双频测深的可行性

非平面波区测深是频率域电磁勘探方法理论发展的重要动力。广域电磁法不对非平面波区电磁场表达式做简化,通过迭代求解获取全区视电阻率,极大拓展了人工源频率域电磁法的观测空间范围与探测深度。E-Ex模式是现今最为常用的广域电磁法观测模式,但其近区测深能力有限。本文探讨了两种广域电磁法E-Ex模式近区双频测深方案的可行性。首先,简述了高阶近似和低阶近似两种近区电场双频测深视电阻率计算方案的基本原理;然后采用一维模型进行数值模拟,对比了半空间模型中E-Ex模式不同场成分的强度与感应数的关系,计算了典型地电模型的视电阻率,分析了频率间隔及观测误差等对计算结果的影响。结果表明:高阶近似方案基本不具备可行性;低阶近似双频测深方案在理想条件下可以获得近区地电介质的变化信息,对地下低阻层反映更为灵敏,受观测角度、接地导线偶极长度及观测频率间隔等因素影响均较小,但对观测数据误差极为敏感,观测总场中较小的误差也将导致近区视电阻率信息提取失败。因此,广域电磁法E-Ex模式近区双频测深方案实际应用的关键在于控制观测精度。

湘南坪宝矿田岩浆热液成矿系统深部探测与地球化学约束

湘南是我国乃至世界最重要的钨锡多金属矿集区之一,发育了坪宝、柿竹园、骑田岭等多个大型矿床(田)。随着浅部资源逐渐枯竭,成矿系统深延与探测成为找矿突破的重点,尤其是覆盖层下隐伏成矿岩体、流体运移通道与矿体赋存空间的准确识别。本文以湘南坪宝矿田为例,采用广域电磁、构造解析与地球化学等方法揭示了成矿系统的空间结构与物质组成:(1)矿田深部(<5 km)存在4个隐伏的燕山期花岗岩体,包括宝山、黄沙坪、大坊、野鹅塘,岩体呈现不规则形态;(2)岩体侵位受NNE走向、NE走向与NW走向的区域断裂交汇联合控制,其岩体接触带与次级断裂为主要的控矿构造;(3)断层破碎带中方解石、石英、赤铁矿等热液矿物为成矿流体活动留下的痕迹,可用来识别成矿流体的源区与路径;(4)科学钻探证实了矿体与成矿运移通道深延稳定,且可能与深部隐伏岩体导通;(5)宝山矿区西部、黄沙坪矿区东部、大坊与野鹅塘矿区深部应为该区未来找矿勘查的重点。通过广域电磁、构造解析与矿物地球化学分析可以深入认识隐伏岩体的空间形态与形成时代,构建成矿物质与流体的“源-运-储”模型,开展成矿系统的深部探测与成矿潜力评价。

基于等值反磁通装置频率域电磁法研究

人工源近区频率域电磁法具有轻便、分辨率高及抗干扰能力强等优点,但提取地质体二次场响应难题困扰了该方法推广应用。基于等值反磁通原理提取二次场响应,首先,推导出了基于等值反磁通原理的频率域近场垂直磁场响应的表达式;然后,采用层状介质与均匀半空间介质的垂向磁场同相分量的比值定义视电阻率,并计算了典型层状介质垂直磁场的频率响应;最后,通过试验对比时间域与频率域方法对浅埋藏铝板的异常响应。研究结果表明:基于等值反磁通原理能够有效提取近场频率域二次场信号,近场垂向磁场的同相分量与大地电导率的二次方成正比;垂向磁场同相分量的比值定义视电阻率能够清晰反映A型、Q型、H型及K型地电断面的特征。

高干扰矿集区大地电磁噪声抑制技术探索

大地电磁测深(MT)在矿产资源勘探方面应用广泛,但强人文电磁干扰严重制约了高质量的原始MT数据的获取。本文详细总结了国内常见电磁噪声源的类型,对其产生的电磁噪声特征进行分类分析;对国内外MT电磁噪声去噪方法进行对比,结合实际生产需求,总结了一套适用于高干扰矿集区快速有效的MT数据去噪施工与处理工艺。研究表明:Robust处理、远参考道技术和人工挑选是提高MT数据采集质量的有效和必要的手段,而通过理论计算,远参考站设置距离不小于3.56倍趋肤深度即可;在江苏洪泽盐盆矿集区开展的MT试验工作验证了该设定。

频率域电磁测深中干扰的识别与压制

针对高压线对电磁频率测深数据影响严重的现状,从方法原理和野外实测数据两个方面分析了线状干扰源引起的水平电场干扰特征和识别技术,提出了一种应用干扰估算滤波技术来压制电磁干扰的方法。应用成果表明,高压线等线状电磁干扰源对电场的干扰主要体现在平行干扰源方向的水平电场,野外通过布置垂直高压线的测线可提高数据信噪比,室内通过干扰估算滤波技术压制电磁干扰。

断层的地电响应特征及其在砂岩型铀矿地质解译中的作用——以巴楚隆起地区为例

砂岩型铀矿成矿理论认为,适宜的构造斜坡带可发展为有利的铀成矿区。斜坡带内受重力、挤压等因素形成的断裂对铀成矿和保矿都有非常重要的作用。北方沉积盆地内,利用大地电磁法进行断裂解译的精度不仅受沉积地层绝对电阻率的影响,也受地层间相对电阻率影响。为准确解译隐伏断裂,建立了不同电性差异下的正、逆断层地电模型,正反演模拟了不同电阻率差异及不同性质断层模型的一维、二维反演电阻率断面。正反演模拟结果表明:正、逆断层在反演地电断面上具有不同的特征,即正断层在断层斜面处呈倾斜形态,而逆断层在断层斜面处呈凹陷形态;一维反演结果对断裂的识别效果要优于二维反演结果。通过断层地电相应特征规律的总结,为巴楚隆起西部凹陷大地电磁剖面隐伏断裂的解译提供了依据与指导。

电磁流量计结构与干扰抑制发展与趋势

电磁流量计量程宽、结构简单、应用广泛。以电磁流量计的结构演变与干扰抑制技术为线索,介绍了两个大方向下的各个重点研究方向的电磁流量计最新技术,并分析了其未来研究发展方向和趋势,在电子技术不断发展与流量计量方法呈现多样化基础上,未来电磁流量计仍以提高线圈励磁精度来抑制噪声干扰为主,同时又不断改变自身结构和组合方法测量,以适应越来越复杂的流体测量环境。

心音心电检测仪电磁兼容问题的测试分析及整改方法

现代医疗器械更偏向于高精确度、高敏感度和小型化,其所处的电磁环境越来越复杂。外界电磁干扰对医疗设备会产生影响,严重时甚至影响医生的诊断。本文结合心音心电检测仪,基于医疗器械测试标准对传导发射测试、辐射发射测试和静电放电这3个测试项目进行了研究,提出了壳体整改,增加滤波电路、磁环、电荷释放电路等整改方法。对其他类型相关医疗器械的电磁兼容问题分析和整改,有一定的参考借鉴作用。

基于电磁式声波发射的环空液面连续监测技术研究与应用

钻遇井漏失返后,井筒内液柱压力长时间低于地层压力后易引发漏转喷,而当前钻井现场主要采用气枪式测距仪对环空钻井液液面高度进行监测,受该测距仪氮气瓶储量的限制,无法连续监测井筒环空液面高度,不便于现场作者人员及时发现漏转喷的井控风险。针对该测距仪的缺陷,文章将电磁式声波发射器引入到井漏后环空液面高度的监测技术中,从环空声波衰减特性研究入手,优化发声器结构设计,提升其低频响应特性,研发了一套基于电磁式声波发射器的环空液面高度自动识别监测系统,该系统具有自动连续监测、测量误差小(测量误差小于2%)、体积小、易操作等优点,便于现场作业人员及时掌握环空液面高度,分析漏层的漏失情况,预判是否存在漏转喷的井控风险,为快速处理井漏复杂、降低井控风险提供技术支撑。

鲁西北潘店重磁异常带矽卡岩型铁矿精细找矿方向——来自广域电磁法深部找矿的启示

山东省鲁西北潘店地区超深覆盖区航磁和重力异常明显,通过系统的重磁异常查证工作,在研究区重磁异常带开展的多个钻孔均取得了深部矽卡岩型铁矿床找矿突破,但由于重磁异常带范围较大且其特征不能直接指示找矿方向,造成部分钻孔不见矿或见矿情况差。因此,为了更好地在重磁异常带精细圈定成矿位置,实现新的更大的找矿大突破,本文旨在已查证的潘店重磁异常带开展广域电磁测深(WFEM)工作,结合钻探验证情况,圈定深覆盖区矽卡岩型铁矿深部成矿区间及成矿有利结构面,提出深部精细找矿方向。

基于电机电磁噪声的电动汽车声品质MNLR预测方法

为研究电动汽车电机电磁噪声对车内声品质的影响,建立声品质预测模型。采用等级评分法对车内噪声进行主观评价,作为预测模型因变量,计算总体噪声A计权声压级、粗糙度、AI指数等客观参量,作为预测模型自变量,此外通过阶次分析和滤波法得到电磁噪声并计算其尖锐度等客观参量,亦作为一组自变量,构建多元非线性回归(multivariate nonlinear regression,MNLR)模型。仿真实验结果表明,MNLR模型的预测结果与主观评价结果具有较高一致性,电磁噪声尖锐度提升会恶化车内噪声环境,同时还会增强AI指数对人主观感受的影响。本文预测模型对声品质优化具有一定的指导意义。

滇西南哀牢山构造带李子冲矿区综合物探的应用研究

云南省金平县李子冲铁铜矿区地处扬子板块与印支板块交接部位的哀牢山构造带南段,其外围已发现大量的铁铜矿床(点),是云南重要的铁铜矿产基地。但研究区高山植被覆盖严重,地形起伏较大,地质构造复杂,岩浆活动强烈,找矿困难。为克服单一勘探方法找矿的局限性,选择高精度磁法、双频激电法和EH4电磁测深法对矿区进行综合地球物理勘探,结合地质调查资料,对矿区构造、隐伏岩体及矿化体的深部延伸情况进行解译,并总结找矿信息。综合物探结果表明,矿化体主要在哀牢山群变质岩系产出,与基性侵入岩和花岗闪长岩体关系密切,并伴有多种矿化现象;铁矿化区显示高磁、低视电阻率、高视幅频率特征,铜矿化区则具有低磁、低视电阻率、高视幅频率特征。根据磁力线突变或弯曲变形的磁异常现象和低视电阻率的激电异常及EH4剖面测量解译结果,推测矿区可能存在形成时间较早的北西向张性断裂和形成时间较晚的北东向剪性断裂,近北西向断裂有利于成矿而近北东向断裂对矿体具有破坏作用。对矿区内激电异常与磁异常整体套合较好且EH4电磁测深揭露深部具有成矿潜力的位置进行工程验证,结果显示,矿体在深部具有一定程度的延伸,近北西向断裂构造及其次级构造是主要的赋矿区域,相对低缓的磁异常区域深部可能存在新的铁铜矿化体,有扩大储量的可能,这对下一步地质勘查工作具有指导意义。

大地电磁测深法在水文地质勘察中的应用研究

常规的水文地质勘察方法以地质参数定量测定为主,影响地质勘察效果。因此,研究大地电磁测深法在水文地质勘察中的应用这一课题。利用大地电磁测深法接收地面电场与磁场信息,确保地质勘察效果。基于大地电磁测深法反演水文地质电性参数,推知水文地质等电性参数,避免水文介质电性对勘察的影响。模拟水文地质勘察均匀半空间静态效应,反映水文地质勘察区域不均匀体的位置深度,满足水文地质勘察需求。采用实例分析,验证该方法的勘察准确性更高,能应用于实际生活中。